头颅磁共振成像、视频脑电图、正电子发射 断层成像术对癫痫致痫灶的定位评估

目的:探讨头颅磁共振成像(MRI)、视频脑电图(VEEG)、正电子发射断层成像术(PET)对癫痫致痫灶的定位评估。方法:接受手术治疗切除致痫灶的癫痫患者73例纳入研究,所有患者术前均行头颅VEEG、MRI、PET检查,比较3种检查方法术前定位与术中定位的准确性;同时比较两两之间的检出率。结果:本组MRI阴性24例,MRI阳性49例(67%)。VEEG、MRI和PET术前定位与术中定位比较阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),PET阳性率最高。PET与VEEG的诊断一致性高于MRI与VEEG的诊断一致性(P0.05)。结论:PET对癫痫病灶定位的敏感性高于MRI及VEEG,对于MRI阴性的患者更需要完善PET和VEEG检查。     

PET脑显像在癫痫患者致痫灶定位中的价值

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层(PET)脑显像在各类癫痫患者致痫灶定位中的价值.方法对65例癫痫患者于发作间期行 18F-FDG PET脑显像,将其定位结果与头皮脑电图(EEG)、CT或MRI结果进行比较,并对其中14例定位后接受手术或放射治疗患者的预后情况进行分析.结果 65例患者中,56例(86%)患者发作间期PET图像上可见皮层局限性低代谢灶,4例(6%)可见皮层局限性高代谢灶,其余5例(8%)未见异常代谢灶.在PET图像呈典型低代谢表现的56例患者中,PET定位结果与EEG定侧(判定左右半球)或定位(判定具体脑叶)结果相符者40例(71%),EEG呈弥漫性异常者(无法定位)10例(18%),EEG检查未见异常者1例(2%),另5例(9%)PET定位结果与EEG定位结果不符.该56例患者中,44例(79%)CT或MRI检查阴性,12例(21%)CT或MRI检查阳性,后者中有11例PET定位结果与CT或MRI定位结果相符.明确致痫灶后接受手术或放射治疗的14例患者,平均随访2年,9例(64%)术后未再有癫痫发作或有不同程度的缓解.结论对于头皮EEG无法准确定位和CT、MRI检查阴性的癫痫患者,18F-FDG PET脑显像可替代部分侵入性EEG检查用于致痫灶定位,而不同的PET定位图形对患者手术方案的选择也有重要指导意义.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在顽固性癫痫病灶定位和治疗决策中的影响

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)正电子发射体层摄影(PET)/计算机体层摄影(CT)显像在顽固性癫痫患者定位与治疗决策中的价值。方法顽固性原发癫痫患者84例,均行FDG显像、头皮脑电图检查(EEG)及MRI检查。分析癫痫患者的FDG显像表现,根据其表现制定治疗计划。以手术患者的皮层脑电图(ECoG)为标准,比较3种检查符合率。随访比较FDG显像不同表现组患者的治疗满意率。统计学方法使用χ2检验、Fisher’s精确统计和Kappa检验。结果 FDG显像、EEG、MRI对癫痫患者的阳性检出率分别为92.9%(78/84)、97.6%(82/84)、22.6%(19/84)。手术52例,伽玛刀治疗19例;放弃治疗13例。PET/CT对治疗的决策更改率为38.1%(32/84)。与ECoG比较,手术患者中PET、EEG、MRI的定位符合率分别为86.5%(45/52)、53.8%(28/52)、30.8%(16/52),FDG PET与ECoG具有中度一致性(Kappa=0.425)。PET/CT上表现为单发局限性病灶组的治疗满意率高于多发病变组(分别为91.1%vs 50.0%,P<0.01)。3例FDG显像阴性患者伽玛刀治疗不满意。结论 18 F-FDG PET/CT显像对癫痫灶定位准确性优于EEG以及MRI,可指导治疗手段的选择。FDG表现为单发病灶及少数多发病灶的患者手术及伽玛刀治疗效果较好。     

18F-FDG PET显像与EEG在颞叶癫痫致痫灶定位价值上的对比研究

目的：通过对62例难治性癫痫患者进行前瞻性研究,对18F-FDG PET显像与EEG在颞叶癫痫致痫灶定位上的价值进行对比研究。方法：对62例临床确诊颞叶癫痫并接受手术治疗的患者进行前瞻性研究。所有患者均进行发作间期PET-CT脑显像检查和长程/视频EEG检查,细致分析图像,并将所得检查结果与术后病理进行比较,利用统计学方法对二者的诊断准确率进行对比分析。结果：18F-FDG PET显像准确定位42例癫痫患者病灶位置,头皮EEG准确定位致痫灶30例,准确率分别为67.7%及48.4%,二者比较有显著统计学差异（P<0.05）。18F-FDG PET显像结果表现较多样,影像分析应细致、审慎。结论：发作间期PET-CT脑显像检查定位颞叶癫痫致痫灶优于长程/视频EEG检查,但因其价格较昂贵,临床可首选EEG定位癫痫,EEG定位困难时选择PET显像可明显提高致痫灶定位准确性。     

18F-FDG PET显像与EEG对颞叶癫痫病灶定位诊断比较

目的 通过对62例难治性癫痫患者进行前瞻性研究,对18F-FDG PET显像与脑电图(EEG)在颞叶癫痫致痫灶定位的诊断价值.方法 对62例临床确诊颞叶癫痫并接受手术治疗的患者进行前瞻性研究.所有患者均进行发作间期PET/CT脑显像检查和长程或视频EEG检查,细致分析图像,并将所得检查结果与术后病理进行比较,利用统计学...     

PET在小儿癫痫定位诊断上的应用

目的　评价PET在小儿癫痫定位诊断中的应用价值。方法　对 2 0例小儿癫痫分别进行 18F FDGPET、EEG和MRI检查 ,并对其定位诊断阳性率进行比较。结果　PET显像阳性率 90 % ,其中低代谢灶 7例 ,高代谢灶 10例 ,低代谢灶和高代谢灶共存 1例。EEG检查阳性率 80 % ,在病灶诊断上与PET检查完全一致和部分一致占 70 % ,完全不一致 3 0 %。MRI检查阳性率 3 8.89% ,与PET检查完全一致占 16.67% ,完全不一致占 83 .3 3 %。PET、EEG与MRI比较完全一致和部分一致占 16.67% ,完全不一致占 83 .3 3 %。结论　PET显像对小儿癫痫病灶的探测敏感性高于EEG、MRI。     

磁源性影像对癫痫灶定位的临床应用 ——与VEEG、ECoG比较

目的:探讨磁源性影像在癫痫灶定位中的应用价值。方法:20例难治性癫痫患者,男15例,女5例,手术前均行视频脑电图(Video-Electroencephalography,VEEG)、MRI及脑磁图(Magnetoencephalography,MEG)检查。将MEG所得的电生理资料与MRI所获得的解剖结构资料叠加,形成磁源性影像(magnetic source imaging,MSI)。所有患者手术均在MSI指导下进行术中皮层脑电图(Electrocorticography,ECoG)监测。结果:20例患者MSI与VEEG符合率为50%,与ECoG符合率为70%,术后(3~20月)随访16例患者疗效满意。结论:MSI是难治性癫痫患者手术前无创伤性癫痫灶精确定位方法。     

PET／CT与脑电图和MRI对难治性癫痫的对比研究

目的探讨正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层成像（PET/CT）、脑电图（EEG）和磁共振成像（MRI）在难治性癫痫病灶定位方面的诊断价值。方法 2005年12月至2009年12月就诊于内蒙古医学院附属医院的50例难治性癫痫患者,男32例,女18例,平均年龄（20±18）岁,病程平均（7±11）年,均行EEG和MRI检查及18F-FDG PET/CT（发作期PET/CT显像8例,发作间期显像42例）,并对全部病例癫痫病灶的检出率及一致性进行比较。结果 PET/CT显像异常率92%（46例）,其中低代谢灶39例,高代谢灶5例,低代谢灶和高代谢灶共存2例。EEG异常率74%（37例）,MRI异常率36%（18例）。在病灶定位诊断上PET/CT与EEG一致率为72%,PET/CT与MRI的一致率为36%,MRI与EEG的一致率为32%。结论 PET/CT显像对难治性癫痫病灶的探测敏感性高于EEG和MRI,在病灶诊断上PET/CT与EEG一致性高于MRI与EEG。     

质子磁共振波谱分析结合128导视频脑电图对手术治疗顽固性癫痫致痫灶的定位价值

目的:探讨质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)分析结合128导视频脑电图(VEEG)、术中皮层或深部电极脑电图(ECoG)对致痫灶定侧定位的价值.方法:选择15例顽固性癫痫为研究对象.术前行VEEG后行1H-MRS检查,获得NAA/(Cr+Cho)比值.术中行ECoG描记验证.以术后病理为标准,将异常放电区域、伴海马硬化的术前'H-MRS与同患者对侧检查结果进行对照,分析1H-MRs与皮层异常放电的关系.结果:病理回报15例均有皮质发育不良,海马硬化9例.切除病灶前行病灶周边ECoG描记.15例均发现异常放电.术中ECoG异常放电区域NAA/(Cr+Cho)平均比值为0.78±0.27,同一患者对侧比值为0.94±0.22,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).伴海马硬化者NAA/(Cr+Cho)平均比值为0.55±0.14,同一患者对侧比值为0.71±0.09,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).1H-MRS与VEEG一致率为86.67%.结论:-H.MRs可对海马硬化进行早期诊断,提高了海马硬化诊断的敏感度.1H-MRS结合128导VEEG可提高致痫灶定位的准确性.     

联合应用SPECT、EEG、MRI定位癫痫致痫灶53例分析

目的探讨单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)脑血流灌注显像联合动态脑电图和(或)视频脑电图、磁共振成像(MRI)检查在定位癫痫致痫灶中的意义.方法对53例癫痫患者于发作间期进行99mTc-ECD局部脑血流灌注显像,并与同期动态脑电图和(或)视频脑电图、MRI检查、术中皮层脑电图检查结果进行对比分析.结果 SPECT脑血流灌注显像诊断癫痫的阳性率为88.68%,与脑电图(EEG)检查的阳性率(86.79%)一致,但二者均明显高于MRI检查阳性率(33.96%),且STECT联合EEG检查,阳性率可提升至98.11%(52/53),明显高于SPECT或EEG单独检查的阳性率;在定位致痫灶过程中,SPECT脑血流显像与EEG在致痫灶的定位上具有良好的吻合性,其符合率(包括定位一致及基本一致者)为60.37%,明显高于SPECT与MRI检查的符合率(35.85%)及EEG与MRI的符合率(32.07%);经术中皮层脑电图检查证实SPECT定位致痫灶的准确率达83.33%,若与EEG、MRI联合分析则其定位准确率提升至95.8%(23/24).结论 SPECT脑血流灌注显像不仅能灵敏地检出癫痫灶,且能较准确地定位诊断癫痫灶,与EEG和MRI的联合应用可大大提高其诊断的灵敏度和定位的准确性.     

多病灶难治性癫痫的术前定位和手术疗效分析

目的 探讨多病灶难治性癫痫的临床特点、术前定位、术后疗效及手术相关并发症。方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院癫痫中心2013年7月至2018年 4月11例多病灶难治性癫痫患者的临床资料, 根据患者临床症状学、长程视频脑电图（long term video EEG monitoring,VEEG）、磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging, MRI）、正电子发射计算机断层成像（PET CT）、PET/MRI融合等进行综合术前评估,术中在皮层脑电监测（ECoG）下行局部病灶或扩大脑叶切除术。术后按Engel分级进行评分,并进行随访。结果 11例患者中软化灶7例,瘢痕性脑回1例,脑裂畸形1例,软化灶合并瘢痕性脑回2例。术后随访3~60个月,Engle分级：Ⅰ级7例（63.6%）,Ⅱ级2例（18.2%）,Ⅲ级1例（9.1%）,Ⅳ级1例（9.1%）;63.6%患者无发作,总有效率为90.9%。术后2例出现颅内感染,1例合并脑积水;1例出现原有视野缺损加重;1例出现右侧肢体偏瘫;无死亡病例。结论 对于多病灶难治性癫痫,根据精准的术前评估后行手术治疗可获得良好的预后。     

Increased radiotracer uptake on positron emission tomography after invasive thoracic procedures: a case series

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that tissue changes induced by invasive thoracic procedures may be associated with increased fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) scans, potentially leading to these tissue changes being mistaken for malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients undergoing bronchoscopies and FDG-PET at Mayo Clinic Jacksonville from February 2002 to September 2004 and identified patients who had undergone computed tomography (CT) of the chest and bronchoscopy before FDG-PET. We identified and reviewed the imaging studies of patients who had increased FDG uptake on PET scans and whose CT scans showed no corresponding abnormalities suggestive of malignancy. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients had undergone both bronchoscopy and PET within the defined study period. Of these, 45 (56%) underwent PET within 4 weeks after bronchoscopy, and 13 (29%) of these 45 patients had increased FDG uptake on PET scans that did not correlate with pathological findings on CT. We judged that increased uptake on 3 (23%) of the 13 PET scans was most likely related to the bronchoscopic procedure. Additionally, 2 patients who had undergone thoracoscopy after bronchoscopy but before PET had discordant CT and PET findings. CONCLUSION: Invasive thoracic procedures may cause an increased uptake of radiotracer on PET scans that could be mistakenly interpreted as evidence of malignancy. To avoid clinical misjudgment, clinicians should perform PET before invasive thoracic procedures.     

Positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose for evaluating local and distant disease in patients with cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) for evaluating local and distant disease in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: The PET imaging database maintained at our institution was used to identify patients who received FDG-PET scans for the clinical indication of cervical cancer for the past four years. Patients were followed for a minimum of six months following the PET study. Results of the FDG-PET studies were correlated with surgical pathology, biopsy results, and/or clinical follow up to assess the accuracy of FDG-PET in evaluating local and distant disease. RESULTS: A total of 61 FDG-PET studies performed in 41 patients were included in this retrospective study. Nine FDG-PET studies were performed for initial staging of cervical cancer, and 52 PET scans were performed in 35 different patients as restaging studies following therapy. For the initial staging, the local primary disease was identified in all nine FDG-PET studies, and PET distinguished the patients which had localized disease (four patients) from those with distant metastases on follow-up (five patients) with 100% accuracy. For restaging cervical cancer, FDG-PET had a sensitivity of 0.82 and specificity of 0.97 (accuracy 0.92) for evaluation of local recurrence. For evaluating distant disease in these patients, PET had a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.90 (accuracy 0.94). In the evaluation of local disease, focal rectal activity caused false-positive results in two cases. Three false-positive studies for distant disease were caused by inflammatory adenopathy. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET is an accurate modality both for initial staging and restaging of patients with cervical cancer. PET is particularly sensitive for detecting distant metastases, allowing stratification of patients into those with locally confined disease and those with distant disease. These results were achieved by using a standardized PET imaging protocol without the use of bowel preparations, lasix administration, or Foley catheter drainage. Evaluation of local disease can be challenging due to adjacent rectal and bladder activity, and the use of hybrid PET/computed tomography (CT) scanners in the future may further improve evaluation of local disease.     

FDG PET在监测胃肠道淋巴瘤治疗疗效中的应用价值

目的：探讨FDG-PET在监测胃肠道淋巴瘤治疗疗效中的应用。方法：对19例不同类型胃肠道淋巴瘤患者进行回顾性分析(2例霍奇金氏淋巴瘤,15例非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤，2例mantle细胞淋巴瘤)。3例为胃部淋巴瘤，14例为小肠淋巴瘤．2例为结肠淋巴瘤。所有患者进行治疗前及治疗后PET显像。显像结果与临床结果相比较。结果：19例患者的治疗前扫描中，17例(89％)为FDG摄取明显增强，2例显示病灶部位FDG摄取轻度增强。所有患者治疗后随访PET扫描，13例PET图像上未见明显异常FDG摄取，6例原病灶部位仍存在异常FDG摄取。FDG PET扫描阴性的患者中，仅有1例1年后复发，占7.7％，而所有6例(100％)治疗后PET随访仍阳性的患者，在1年的随访当中复发。结论：FDG-PET在监测胃肠道淋巴瘤治疗反应方面有潜在的应用价值。     

The impact of 2-deoxy-2[18F] fluoro-D-glucose whole body positron emission tomography for managing patients with melanoma: the referring physician's perspective.

PURPOSE: Whole body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been used successfully to diagnose and stage melanoma. The impact of FDG-PET, however, on patient stage and management from the referring physicians' perspective is unknown. PROCEDURES: A questionnaire was sent to referring physicians to investigate whether and how PET altered clinical decision in treatment of melanoma patients. Surveys were sent to referring physicians of every melanoma patient who had a PET scan performed at UCLA or the Northern California PET Imaging Center (NCPIC). Data were used to evaluate the impact of FDG-PET on clinical management of melanoma patients based on pre-PET and post-PET staging. Management changes were classified as inter-modality if therapy changed from one modality to another or intra-modality if changes were made within a treatment modality. RESULTS: Fifty-one questionnaires (response rate of 35%) have been received to date. Referring physicians indicated that whole body FDG-PET changed the clinical stage in 15 out of 51 (29%) patients: 10 (20%) were up-staged and five (10%) were down-staged. The PET findings resulted in inter-modality management changes in 15 out of 51 patients (29%). Intra-modality management change occurred in nine patients (18%). CONCLUSION: From the referring physicians' perspective, FDG-PET has a major impact and results in management changes in 53% of patients with melanoma.     

Conventional imaging and 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with previously treated Hodgkin's disease.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the ability of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to predict the clinical outcome of previously treated patients with Hodgkin's Disease (HD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients were studied with PET within a median interval of 5.2 months after treatment. Conventional imaging (CI) performed within two months before PET included 2.9+/-1.2 imaging tests/patient. To determine the independent ability of FDG-PET to predict the clinical outcome, PET images were reread without knowledge of CI and clinical history. Study end points were disease-free survival, or clinical evidence of disease or death. PET and CI stages were also compared for each patient. RESULTS: Using the clinical outcome as gold standard after a median follow-up of 14 months, 21 of 32 patients (65%) were considered disease-free while 11 of 32 patients (35%) had evidence for disease or had died. The predictive accuracy of PET was 91% vs. 66% for conventional imaging (P<0.05). The positive predictive value (PPV) was also significantly higher for PET (79% vs. 50%, P<0.05), while its negative predictive value (NPV) tended to be higher than that of CI (100% vs. 86%, P=0.08). Kaplan-Meier analysis for disease-free survival showed a significant difference between PET-negative and -positive results. No such difference was observed between CI-positive and -negative results (P=0.35). CONCLUSION: Whole-body FDG-PET imaging modified the clinical stage in 28% of patients. Moreover, FDG-PET predicted patient outcome with a higher predictive accuracy than CI. This superior prognostic accuracy was achieved with a single FDG-PET study vs. 2.9+/-1.2 CI procedures/patient.     

难治性癫痫的术前评估与手术治疗策略

目的:探讨难治性癫痫(RE)的术前评估及手术治疗方案。方法:综合分析366例RE患者的临床病史、常规EEG、24hV-EEG、MRI、PET及神经心理评估结果,结合术中皮质电极描记(ECoG),选择适宜的手术方式。结果:术后随访发作控制满意201例(54.9%),发作明显改善96例(26.2%),发作控制良好39例(10.7%),发作控制较差或无改变30例(8.2%)。结论:对RE患者术前进行综合评估,制定合理的手术方案,可取得较好的治疗效果。     

Conventional imaging and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography for predicting the clinical outcome of previously treated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and combined conventional imaging on clinical stage and their ability to predict the clinical outcome of previously treated lymphoma patients. PROCEDURES: Seventy-eight patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) were studied with PET within a median interval of 5.3 months after treatment. Conventional imaging performed after treatment and within three months before PET included 3.3+/-1.3 imaging tests/patient. To determine the independent ability of PET for predicting clinical outcome, PET images were re-read in a blinded fashion. Study endpoints were disease-free survival, or clinical evidence of disease or death. RESULTS: PET downstaged 18 patients, upstaged nine and revealed the same stage as conventional imaging in 51 patients. Using the clinical outcome as gold standard, the positive and negative predictive values of PET were 95% and 83% versus 72% and 67% for conventional imaging (P<0.05). The prognostic accuracy of PET was superior to that of conventional imaging (90 vs. 71%; P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis for disease-free survival showed a significant difference between PET negative and PET positive results (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Whole-body FDG-PET imaging modified the clinical stage in 35% of lymphoma patients who were reevaluated after treatment. Moreover, FDG-PET predicted patient outcome with a higher predictive accuracy than conventional imaging. This superior prognostic accuracy was achieved with a single FDG-PET study versus multiple conventional imaging procedures/patient.