老年高血压人群尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值对新发心脑血管事件的预测

目的探讨尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(UACR)水平对老年高血压人群新发心脑血管事件的预测价值。方法选择在我院健康体检的老年高血压人群4026例,行UACR水平检测,根据UACR水平分为4组,第1分位组1002例(UACR 0.04³.10mg/g)、第2分位组1003例(UACR 3.113.10mg/g)、第2分位组1003例(UACR 3.11⁹.62mg/g)、第3分位组1023例(UACR9.639.62mg/g)、第3分位组1023例(UACR9.63¹8.24mg/g)、第4分位组998例(UACR 18.2518.24mg/g)、第4分位组998例(UACR 18.25³0.00mg/g)。4组人群平均随访(3.5±0.5)年。分析UACR水平对老年高血压人群新发心脑血管事件的预测价值。结果与第1分位组比较,第4分位组新发心脑血管事件、脑梗死和心肌梗死事件发生率均增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多变量Cox比例风险回归分析,校正年龄、性别、吸烟、空腹血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、体质量指数后,第4分位组发生心脑血管事件、脑梗死和急性心肌梗死的相对危险分别为第1分位组的1.68倍(95%CI:1.2330.00mg/g)。4组人群平均随访(3.5±0.5)年。分析UACR水平对老年高血压人群新发心脑血管事件的预测价值。结果与第1分位组比较,第4分位组新发心脑血管事件、脑梗死和心肌梗死事件发生率均增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多变量Cox比例风险回归分析,校正年龄、性别、吸烟、空腹血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、体质量指数后,第4分位组发生心脑血管事件、脑梗死和急性心肌梗死的相对危险分别为第1分位组的1.68倍(95%CI:1.23².45,P=0.002)、1.52倍(95%CI:1.142.45,P=0.002)、1.52倍(95%CI:1.14².36,P=0.036)和2.49倍(95%CI:1.272.36,P=0.036)和2.49倍(95%CI:1.27³.44,P=0.004)。结论基线UACR水平可预测老年高血压人群发生心脑血管事件,UACR水平较高者发生临床心脑血管事件的危险增加,尤其是脑梗死和心肌梗死的危险。     

老年高血压人群精神压力与新发心脑血管事件关系的研究

目的探讨精神压力对老年高血压人群新发心脑血管事件的预测价值。方法选择2010年1月~2012年6月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院健康体检的老年高血压人群2056例,年龄60~80(68.52±7.94)岁,其中男性1085例,女性971例。根据患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)和焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7)评分分为精神压力异常组(412例)和精神压力正常组(1644例),2组平均随访(3.5±0.5)年,记录主要心脑血管事件。分析精神压力对老年高血压人群主要心脑血管事件的预测价值。结果精神压力异常组发生心脏性猝死、非致死性心血管事件、脑出血、脑梗死和总心脑血管事件概率均明显高于精神压力正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);多变量Cox比例风险回归分析,校正男性、吸烟、收缩压、空腹血糖、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、同型半胱氨酸后,精神压力异常组发生心脑血管事件、脑梗死和非致死性心血管事件的相对危险分别为精神压力正常组的1.72倍(95%CI:1.31~2.62,P=0.003),1.63倍(95%CI:1.42~2.39,P=0.018)和2.54倍(95%CI:1.22~3.67,P=0.002)。结论精神压力水平可预测老年高血压人群主要心脑血管事件的风险,精神压力异常者发生临床心脑血管事件的危险增加,尤其是脑梗死和非致死性心血管事件。     

老年非高血压人群同型半胱氨酸升高与新发心脑血管事件的关系

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)升高对老年非高血压人群新发心脑血管事件的影响。方法选择2012年1月~2014年12月我院健康体检的60~80岁的老年非高血压人群6124例,均行血浆Hcy检测,其中Hcy≤13μmol/L者4122例,Hcy13μmol/L者2002例,分别随机选择500例作为对照组与研究组。每6个月收集1次新发心脑血管事件情况,随访3年。比较2组新发心脑血管事件发生率。结果 2组性别、年龄、吸烟、体质量指数、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖及LDL-C等一般临床资料比较,无统计学差异(P0.05)。研究组Hcy水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(29.68±12.87)μmol/L vs(8.12±4.36)μmol/L,P=0.001]。3年随访结束时,研究组心脑血管事件发生率、脑梗死、非致死性急性心肌梗死发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(18.8%vs 10.2%,P=0.001;9.0%vs 4.6%,P=0.025;5.8%vs 3.0%,P=0.034)。多变量Cox比例风险回归分析显示,Hcy水平是心脑血管事件发生的独立危险因素(β=0.78,95%CI:1.76~4.12,P=0.003)。结论 Hcy水平升高的老年非高血压人群发生临床心脑血管事件的危险增加,尤其是脑梗死和心肌梗死的危险。     

老年高血压人群高敏C反应蛋白增高与新发心脑血管事件的关系

目的探讨血清高敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)增高对老年高血压人群新发心脑血管事件的影响。方法选择我院健康体检、年龄60～80岁的老年高血压人群5021例,行血清hs-CRP检测,从hs-CRP 0～5mg/L 3321例中随机选500例为正常组;从hs-CRP>5mg/L且≤10mg/L的1700例中随机选500例为增高组。随访3年,随访期每6个月收集1次新发心脑血管事件情况。比较新发心脑血管事件发生率。结果增高组新发心脑血管事件、脑梗死、非致死性急性心肌梗死发生率明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(14.4%vs 8.0%,7.0%vs 3.8%,5.2%vs 2.6%,P<0.05,P<0.01)。增高组累计无事件生存率明显低于正常组,随时间延长而逐渐明显,至随访3年结束时,生存率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cox比例风险回归分析显示,hs-CRP是心脑血管事件发生的独立危险因素,风险比3.67。结论 hs-CRP水平增高的老年高血压人群发生临床心脑血管事件的危险增加,尤其是脑梗死和心肌梗死的危险。     

单纯收缩期高血压对老年人群心脑血管事件的影响

目的观察单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)对老年人群心脑血管事件的影响。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法,以参加2006-07-2007-10健康查体的开滦集团在职及离退休职工101510人中年龄≥60岁,符合中国高血压防治指南2010ISH诊断标准(5321例)和正常血压诊断标准(2226例)的人群作为观察队列。随访38～53(49.5±2.7)月,随访期间每半年收集1次新发心脑血管事件情况。观察ISH在老年人群中心脑血管事件发生率并用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响心脑血管事件的因素。结果①与正常血压组相比,ISH组的平均年龄较大,三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、尿酸和体质量指数水平高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②随访期间共发生383例心脑血管事件。在老年人群中,ISH组中总心脑血管事件、急性心肌梗死、脑梗死、脑出血和心脑血管病死亡的累积发生率分别为5.84%、1.32%、2.89%、0.66%和1.50%,高于正常血压组的3.23%、0.49%、1.66%、0.27%和1.21%,其中总心脑血管事件、急性心肌梗死、脑梗死和脑出血的事件累积发生率两组人群差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③多变量Cox比例风险回归模型表明,校正其他传统心血管危险因素后,ISH组发生总心脑血管事件、急性心肌梗死和脑梗死的RR分别是正常血压组的1.69倍(95%CI1.21～2.35),2.30倍(95%CI1.02～5.23)和1.64倍(95%CI1.03～2.61)。结论老年ISH是总心脑血管事件、急性心肌梗死和脑梗死事件的独立危险因素。     

无创正压气道通气对老年脑梗死并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者预后的影响

目的探讨无创正压气道通气(CPAP)对老年脑梗死合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者24h动态血压和心脑血管事件的影响,并分析影响不良心脑血管事件的危险因素。方法选择鞍钢集团总医院2012年5月~2015年5月收治的老年脑梗死合并OSA患者145例,按照随机数字表分为治疗组(CPAP治疗)73例和对照组72例。评估2组患者24h动态血压,随访1年时,用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线评价2组的生存情况,采用ROC曲线分析预测心脑血管事件发生的危险因素。结果出院前2组24h收缩压、24h舒张压、昼间收缩压、昼间舒张压、夜间舒张压均有显著差异(P0.05)。随访1年时,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,治疗组与对照组中位生存时间无显著差异(365dvs 362d,P0.05),治疗组心脑血管事件发生率显著低于对照组(21.9%vs 33.3%,P0.05)。ROC曲线显示,睡眠呼吸暂停指数的曲线下面积为0.70(95%CI:0.61~0.77,P=0.002)和24h收缩压的曲线下面积为0.72(95%CI:0.63~0.81,P=0.003),两者为预测心脑血管事件发生的危险因素。结论 CPAP能有效降低老年脑梗死合并OSA患者24h动态血压,降低心脑血管事件发生率。     

单纯舒张期高血压对新发心脑血管事件影响的前瞻性研究

目的探讨单纯舒张期高血压(IDH)对新发心脑血管事件的影响。方法选取2009年2月—2014年2月在广元市第二人民医院、广元市第三人民医院、成都416医院体检中心体检的3 850例既往无心脑血管病史的IDH患者作为IDH组,另选取同期在三家医院体检的3 000例血压正常者作为对照组。对患者随访12~70个月,随访截止至2015-02-28。收集并记录患者的一般资料〔性别、年龄、体质指数(BIM)、吸烟、饮酒、喜盐、锻炼、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)〕、生化指标〔总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、空腹血糖(FPG)〕及心肌梗死、脑梗死、脑出血及总心脑血管事件的发生情况。采用Cox回归模型分析IDH对心脑血管事件的影响。结果两组受试者年龄、HDL、FPG比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);IDH组患者男性比例、BMI、吸烟率、饮酒率、喜盐率、SBP、DBP、HR、TC、TG、LDL均高于对照组,锻炼率低于对照组(P0.05)。IDH组患者脑梗死、脑出血及总心脑血管事件发生率(1.10%、0.52%、1.93%)高于对照组(0.50%、0.10%、0.80%)(P0.05);两组受试者心肌梗死发生率(对照组及IDH组分别为0.31%与0.30%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。IDH组患者脑梗死、脑出血及总心脑血管事件的发生风险分别是对照组的2.52倍〔RR=2.52,95%CI(1.32,5.04)〕、1.54倍〔RR=1.54,95%CI(1.14,2.58)〕、1.51倍〔RR=1.51,95%CI(1.20,2.63)〕;60岁的IDH患者脑梗死、脑出血及总心脑血管事件的发生风险分别是对照组的1.49倍〔RR=1.49,95%CI(1.21,2.76)〕、1.32倍〔RR=1.32,95%CI(1.13,2.76)〕、1.18倍〔RR=1.18,95%CI(1.04,3.24)〕;≥60岁的IDH患者的脑梗死、脑出血及总心脑血管事件的发生风险分别是对照组的2.98倍〔RR=2.98,95%CI(1.64,4.95)〕、4.32倍〔RR=4.32,95%CI(2.76,7.33)〕、1.90倍〔RR=1.90,95%CI(1.27,4.37)〕。结论 IDH是心脑血管事件的危险因素,高龄IDH患者发生心脑血管事件的风险较高,临床应引起重视。     

社区老年居民新发脑梗死的危险因素

目的探讨社区老年居民新发脑梗死的危险因素。方法随机抽取任丘市年龄60~70岁的常驻居民为筛查对象,将无脑梗死病史且2年未失访的4 116例居民作为研究对象,其中新发脑梗死194例为观察组,无新发脑梗死者3 922例为对照组。前瞻性分析社区老年居民新发脑梗死的危险因素。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)史、高血压、吸烟、脑卒中/TIA家族史、年龄、舒张压与老年居民新发脑梗死呈正相关,OR值分别为9.235(95%CI 5.831~14.628)、1.633(95%CI 1.205~2.213)、1.616(95%CI 1.197~2.181)、1.543(95%CI 1.144~2.081)、1.050(95%CI 1.001~1.103)、1.017(95%CI 1.005~1.030)(均P<0.05)。结论对可干预的老年居民脑梗死相关危险因素进行积极干预,能够降低老年居民缺血性脑梗死的发生率。     

无症状高尿酸血症对老年高血压患者全因死亡及心血管事件的影响

目的探讨无症状高尿酸血症对老年高血压患者全因死亡及心血管事件的影响。方法选择2010年10月~2014年6月解放军总医院第二医学中心就诊的老年高血压患者743例,根据诊断分为无症状高尿酸血症组122例和非高尿酸血症组621例。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析无症状高尿酸血症与全因死亡及心血管事件的关系。结果无症状高尿酸血症组年龄、冠心病和血尿酸水平明显高于非高尿酸血症组,舒张压水平明显低于非高尿酸血症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。无症状高尿酸血症组全因死亡的累积发生率明显高于非高尿酸血症组(41.6%vs 33.7%,P=0.000)。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析中,无症状高尿酸血症组全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死分别是非高尿酸血症组的1.570倍(95%CI:1.062~2.322,P=0.024)、2.278倍(95%CI:2.278~4.902,P=0.035)。结论无症状高尿酸血症是心血管疾病的危险因素,导致老年高血压患者全因死亡及非致死性心肌梗死发生率显著增加。     

高血压患者发生心血管事件危险因素的探讨

目的:探讨心血管危险因素对高血压患者10年间发生心血管事件的影响。方法:将随访到的380例住院高血压患者,根据患者是否在10年间新发主要心血管事件分为两组:事件组(n=159,至少新发主要心血管事件中的一项),无事件组(n=221,没有新发任何一项主要心血管事件),分析两组高血压患者的基线危险因素的特征及其对新发心血管事件的的影响。结果:159例新发心血管事件中发生率由高到低依次为脑血管病(23%)、冠心病(22%)、心脑血管病死亡(17%)、肾功能受损(15%)、心功能不全(12%)、糖尿病(11%)。事件组高血压患者合并基线危险因素的平均个数显著高于无事件组(2.17±1.05比1.36±0.97,P0.001)。事件组高血压患者高龄、血脂异常、糖尿病、吸烟、早发心血管病家族史比例显著高于无事件组(均P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归,并调整年龄、性别、血压水平、高血压病程、脉压影响后,吸烟、糖尿病、血脂异常与新发心血管事件呈正相关,比值比(OR)分别为2.667(95%CI:1.449~4.478)、1.854(95%CI:1.027~3.346)、1.657(95%CI:1.028~2.672)。调整混杂因素后,每增加一个危险因素,新发心血管事件危险增加46%。结论:吸烟和糖尿病是高血压患者发生新发心血管事件的主要可改变危险因素。     

非Q波与Q波心肌梗死的临床分析

本组急性心肌梗死１１２１例中，非Ｑ波心肌梗死３９２例（３５％），Ｑ波心肌梗死７２９例（６５％）。既往有心绞痛及心肌梗死者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有７６．８％及３８．８％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的６１．２％及３０．６％。有高血压、糖尿病史及吸烟者，两组间比较无差别。并发泵衰竭、室性心动过速和（或）心室颤动及Ⅱ～Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有１０．２％、１０％及１．５％，显著地少于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的１９．３％、２０．６％及１３．６％。梗死后心绞痛者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组有４５．２％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的２８．９％。４周病死率，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组为２．８％，显著地低于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的８．２％。非Ｑ波与Ｑ波心肌梗死比较，患者在急性期并发症较少，病死率较低；而梗死后早期心绞痛较多。     

Renal infarction

A 43-year-old woman complaining of left flank pain was found to have renal infarction. New-onset atrial fibrillation suggested thromboembolism, which was confirmed by retrograde urogram and intravenous pyelogram. The patient was treated with heparin and was discharged on coumadin after evaluation of her cardiac disease.     

Subendocardial Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: Subendocardial myocardial infarction. N. Bayley, D. Hunt, C. Penington and J. G. Sloman, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 166–169.
Sixty–one consecutive patients with acute subendocardial myocardial infarction (SEAMI) and 223 consecutive patients with transmural infarction (TMI) seen in a coronary care unit were followed for one year. All patients were less than 70 years of age. The patients with SEAMI had a higher frequency of previous infarction (34% vs 21%, p< 0–025), less cardiac failure (44% vs 65%, p<0005), and were more often free from arrhythmias (61 % vs 31%, p<0001) than patients with TMI. Hospital mortality was less in patients with SEAMI (0% vs 8%, p < 0 05) but total mortality to one year was similar (15% vs 17%). Amongst patients with SEAMI, two died within two weeks of infarction but all other deaths occurred at least six weeks after infarction.
Patients with SEAMI and a history of previous infarction had a higher one year mortality than patients without such a history (29% vs 7%, p < 0 05). Coronary angiography with a view to coronary artery surgery should be considered in the former group.     

Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Clinical Experience

Multiple clinical studies have failed to establish the role of routine use of thrombectomy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. There is a paucity of data on the impact of thrombectomy in unselected STEMI patients outside clinical trials. We sought to evaluate the clinical variables and outcomes associated with the performance of thrombectomy in STEMI patients. We retrospectively examined the clinical outcomes in all STEMI patients who underwent successful percutaneous intervention (PCI) at our center. Patients were divided into two groups, one with patients who underwent conventional PCI and another with patients who had thrombus aspiration in addition to conventional PCI. We compared the baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, re-infarction rates, and all-cause mortality. Total 477 consecutive STEMI patients were identified. Overall, 29% (139) of the patients underwent conventional PCI and 71% (338) of the patients were treated with aspiration thrombectomy and PCI. In addition to the presence of thrombus, patients with nonanterior infarction, and patients with hemodynamic instability requiring intra-aortic balloon pump support were more likely to undergo thrombectomy. Thrombectomy was associated with higher enzymatic infarction (creatine kinase: 2,796 [2,575] vs. 1,716 [1,662]; p < 0.0001; CK-MB: 210.6 [156.0] vs. 142.0 [121.9], p < 0.0001). However, thrombectomy was not associated with any difference in 30 day reinfarction rate (3.3 vs. 2.9%, p = 0.83), mortality (5.0 vs. 7.2%, p = 0.35), or composite of death and 30 day reinfarction (7.7 vs. 9.4%, p = 0.55). We observed that STEMI patients with anterior infarction and hemodynamic instability were more likely to undergo thrombectomy during primary PCI.     

血栓调节蛋白与脑梗死面积的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血浆血栓调节蛋白（TM）浓度与脑梗死面积的关系。方法选择急性脑梗死患者243例行核磁共振检查,以弥散像所示新发血栓面积将患者分为腔隙性梗死组、脑梗死组、大面积脑梗死组。以同期住院经核磁共振检查证实无新发梗死97例作为对照组。对各组血浆TM浓度进行检测。结果腔隙性脑梗死组、脑梗死组、大面积脑梗死组TM均高于对照组（P〈0．05）,腔隙性脑梗死组、脑梗死组、大面积脑梗死组间TM差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论脑梗死急性期患者血浆TM浓度升高,可以反映血管内皮损伤,但对于评估梗死面积无临床意义。     

Impedance Cardiographic Findings in Electrocardiographically Diagnosed Acute Right Ventricular Infarction

Background: Thorax impedance cardiography (TIC) can provide important information about the hemodynamic state of patients. In this study, we aimed at finding out if TIC can be used in the early follow‐up of acute right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). Methods: The study consisted of patients with RVMI who were admitted to our coronary care unit between March 1998 and October 1999. The patients were divided into two groups: group A: patients with hemodynamically significant RVMI, and group B: patients with hemodynamically insignificant RVMI. All impedance measurements were performed with the commercially available device BoMed NCCOM3. We measured stroke volume index, cardiac index and ejection fraction by TIC. The measurements were done on the day of admittance (day O), first day and second day continuously, and on the third to fifth day during bed rest. Comparisons of TIC measurements and vital signs were made by Friedman analysis. Group A and group B were compared by Mann Whitney U test and chi square. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There were 26 patients in group A (mean age: 62 ± 10) and 14 patients in group B (mean age: 61 ± 12). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in age and sex. There were statistically significant differences between group A and B with regard to stroke volume index (32 ± 5 vs 28 ± 5; P = 0.0147), total peripheral resistance (19 ± 5 vs 23 ± 5; P = 0.0084); ejection fraction (0.44 ± 0.16 vs 0.58 ± 0.08; P = 0.0131). The vital signs with statistically significant differences were systolic arterial blood pressure (110 ± 17 vs 88 ± 7, P < 0.0001); diastolic arterial blood pressure (72 ± 12 vs 55 ± 13; P = 0.0002) and heart rate (89 ± 12 vs 71 ± 11; P < 0.0001). The differences disappeared on the second day. The lack of significance continued on the fifth day. Friedman analysis revealed that all the TIC parameters except for left ventricular ejection fraction change towards the normal range. Ejection fraction did not change in group B but decreased in group A on the second day; however it was stable later. Conclusion: TIC can provide easily obtained parameters which may have a role in the treatment of hemodynamically significant RVMI. This is particularly important in coronary care centers with limited invasive capabilities. A.N.E. 2000;5(4):330–335     

不同部位急性脑梗死早期心电图改变的临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者早期心电图改变的临床意义。方法分析304例急性脑梗死患者的心电图资料。结果①304例患者中发生早期心电图异常占64．47％，表现为ST-T改变、窦性心律失常、Q-T间期延长、起搏点异常和传导异常。②岛叶梗死组早期心电图异常显著多于非岛叶梗死组（81．97％、52．75％，P〈0．01）。⑧中、重型患者在心电图异常组显著多于无心电图异常组（96例、5例，P〈0．01）．岛叶梗死组显著多于非岛叶梗死组（68例、28例，P〈0．01）。④心电图异常的岛叶梗死组死亡率显著高于非岛叶梗死组（17例、2例，P〈0．05）。结论急性脑梗死早期心电图异常与梗死部位、病情严重程度及预后有关，而岛叶梗死患者的心电图异常发生率高、病情重及预后差。     

脑梗塞合并急性心肌梗死患者危险因素聚集情况分析

自1999年2月以来,我院共收治脑梗塞合并急性心肌梗死患者43例,现分析如下。     

Volume loading in patients with ischemic right ventricular dysfunction

Volume loading tests with dextran 40 were performed on 36 patientsundergoing hemodynamic monitoring and diagnosed as acute myocardialinfarction with ischemic right ventricular dysfunction. Thisdiagnosis was made when right atrial pressure was higher thanJO mm Hg and greater than, equal to or not more than 5 mm Hgless than pulmonary capillary pressure in basal conditions (24patients), or after dextran administration (12 patients). The patients were divided into two groups according to basalcardiac index: group A: 16 patients with cardiac index 2.2 l/min/m²and group B: 20 patients with cardiac index <2.2l/min/m².In group B, the right atrial and pulmonary capillary pressuresassociated with the higher cardiac index were 15.6 ±4.2 and 16.8 ± 3.3 mm Hg respectively. Ventricular functioncurves were plotted comparing variations in right atrial andpulmonary capillary pressures with cardiac index and right andleft ventricular net work index. The response to volume loadingwas variable in both groups. Patient mortality in group B was related to basal left ventricularnet work index (P<0.05), to a cardiac .index lower than 2.2l/min/m²after dextran administration (V < 0.02) and to the followingventricular function curves slopes A cardiac index/, right atrialpressure (P <0.05), A cardiac index/, pulmonary capillarypressure (P<0.05) and A left ventricular net work index/pulmonary capillary pressure (P<0.05). This indicates thatmortality is dependent on global cardiac function and more preciselyon left ventricular function. Volume loading is useful to demonstrate the presence of ischemicright ventricular dysfunction, to assess right ventricular function,to find the optimal values of ventricular filling pressure inpatients with low output, and to determine the prognosis.     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴右室梗死的临床表现和预后分析

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死(心梗)不伴或伴右室心梗患者的临床特征、治疗和预后。方法回顾既往6年住我院的103例急性下壁心梗患者,比较下壁心梗不伴右室心梗(65例)和伴右室心梗(38例)两组患者的临床特征和院内死亡率。结果发生低血压、心源性休克、快速心律失常(阵发性心房颤动,非持续性室性心动过速)、缓慢心律失常(包括窦性心动过缓,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞)在下壁伴右室心梗组高于下壁心梗组,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组左心室射血分数(LVEF)及经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗患者的院内病死率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论血流动力学障碍和心律失常是右室心梗住院并发症高的主要因素,右室心梗是独立于左室功能损害的危险因素,早期介入治疗能改善住院死亡率。