经椎弓根伤椎撬拨复位植骨治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折

目的:探讨椎弓根伤椎终板撬拨复位器、去螺纹器及椎体内植骨器在治疗胸腰椎段脊柱骨折的应用。方法:自2008年3月至2011年3月收集32例胸腰椎骨折,其中男17例,女15例;年龄25～65岁,平均39.4岁。采用自行设计的经椎弓根终板撬拨复位器、去螺纹器及椎体植骨器行椎体终板复位及椎体内植骨,短节段椎弓根内固定。全部病例要求术前、术后1周、术后1年及内固定取出后3个月行伤椎X线片及CT检查,然后测量伤椎矢状面、额状面后突角度及伤椎高度。结果:32例患者均获得随访,时间14～21个月,平均16个月。随访内容包括后突角度和椎体高度的丢失、骨折愈合情况和内固定植入情况。32例均未出现植骨操作引起的神经、血管并发症,椎体内植骨融合良好。术前、术后1周、术后1年及内固定取出后3个月的统计结果显示伤椎椎体高度保持良好,未出现复位后高度、角度丢失和后期塌陷。结论:采用经椎弓根伤椎终板撬拨复位、去螺纹器及椎体植骨器行椎体终板复位及椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折能取得满意疗效,而且创伤小,椎体内植骨可促进骨折早期愈合,恢复椎体高度,重建脊柱的稳定性,预防术后晚期椎体高度及角度的丢失,避免了前路手术。     

后路短节段结合骨折椎椎弓根螺钉复位内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的:探讨后路短节段结合骨折椎椎弓根螺钉复位内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性及临床疗效。方法:自2005年9月至2007年9月,行后路短节段结合骨折椎椎弓根螺钉复位内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折82例,其中男50例,女32例;年龄18～63岁,平均36岁;病程2h～7d,平均2d。骨折根据AO分型:A1型25例,A2型48例,B2型9例。根据ASIA脊髓神经功能损伤分级:C级9例,D级17例,E级56例。术中将椎弓根螺钉置入骨折椎与相邻的上下椎体中,复位固定,后外侧植骨融合。结果:82例患者均获得随访,时间12～24个月,平均18.3个月,无一例内固定断裂或松动,全部获得骨性融合。术后骨折椎的椎体前缘压缩率及Cobb角均明显小于术前(P0.05),而术后随访骨折椎的椎体前缘压缩率及Cobb角与术后相比无明显变化(P0.05);术后骨折椎的尾侧椎间盘高度(h/H)与术前相比无明显变化(P0.05)。不完全性神经损伤术后脊髓神经功能有1～2级的恢复。结论:后路短节段结合骨折椎椎弓根螺钉复位内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折是安全可靠的方法,在骨折椎前柱撑开的同时可有效控制正常椎间盘高度的撑开,并有利于矫正后凸畸形和维持矫正效果。     

后路胸腰椎单椎爆裂骨折经伤椎内固定的治疗

目的探讨胸腰椎单椎爆裂骨折经后路临椎椎弓根内固定连同伤椎椎弓根内固定的手术疗效。方法2009年1月至2011年12月,笔者收治36例胸腰椎单椎爆裂骨折经后路椎弓根临椎加伤椎内固定顶压撑开复位。结果36例患者均获得随访,术后后凸畸形纠正、伤椎椎体复位满意。远期伤椎椎体高度丢失不明显。获得良好结果。结论经伤椎短节段椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎单椎体爆裂骨折不失为基层医院首选的方法。     

椎体成形术在新鲜胸腰段骨折中的选择性应用

目的：探讨复位的损伤椎体内灌注ACPC进行椎体成形术在胸腰椎骨折的临床应用价值。方法：9例胸腰段骨折行椎弓根螺钉固定，后路减压复位占位骨块，经伤椎椎弓根椎体复位，椎体内灌注自固化磷酸钙骨水泥。结果：术后神经恢复1～2级，椎体高度及生理弧度维持良好。结论：本术式安全，有效实用，值得临床应用。     

椎弓根螺钉单一运动节段内固定治疗胸腰椎单椎体骨折

目的:探讨椎弓根螺钉单一运动节段内固定结合椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎单椎体骨折的手术适应证和临床疗效。方法:对21例胸腰椎单椎体骨折患者采用经椎弓根单一运动节段内固定结合椎间植骨治疗,术前、术后1周及术后9个月摄X线片,测量伤椎椎体成角、上下终板成角及椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值,了解术后骨折复位情况以及随访期间内固定有无失败和复位丢失情况。按ASIA 2000分级标准对17例脊髓神经损伤患者评估术前脊髓神经损伤程度及术后9个月脊髓神经功能改善情况。结果:随访9～26个月,平均14.2个月,无内固定失败,椎间植骨融合良好。术后1周及术后9个月伤椎椎体成角、上下终板成角、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值较术前均明显改善(P<0.05);术后9个月与术后1周比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。17例脊髓神经损伤患者术后脊髓神经功能均有不同程度的恢复。结论:采用经椎弓根单一运动节段内固定结合椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎单椎体骨折创伤较小、固定单位最少,能有效地防止复位丢失,是治疗胸腰椎单椎体骨折的有效方法。     

Wiltse入路椎弓根钉内固定联合球囊复位椎体内植骨治疗终板塌陷胸腰椎爆裂骨折疗效观察

目的 观察Wiltse入路椎弓根钉内固定联合球囊复位椎体内植骨治疗终板塌陷胸腰椎爆裂骨折术后椎体高度恢复与维持效果。方法 回顾性分析自2017-01—2020-12采用后路椎弓根钉内固定手术治疗的65例胸腰椎爆裂骨折,28例采用经伤椎6枚椎弓根钉内固定、球囊复位伤椎塌陷终板并于椎体内植骨（观察组）;37例采用经伤椎6枚椎弓根钉内固定,采用常规钉棒系统复位骨折（对照组）。结果 65例均获得随访,随访时间为13～24个月,平均15个月。观察组随访期间无内固定松动或断裂发生,1例发生深层感染,1例发生浅层感染,经抗感染治疗后痊愈。所有患者骨折均愈合良好,手术1年后取出内固定物。观察组与对照组术后伤椎矢状面Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值、伤椎中部高度比值均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后1周、术后1年、取出内固定后1个月伤椎矢状面Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值、伤椎中部高度比值优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组术后各时间点伤椎后缘高度比值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于终板塌陷的胸腰椎爆裂骨折,后路椎弓根钉内固定术中应用球囊...     

经椎板开窗减压复位加经椎弓根植骨和内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的分析经后路椎弓根内固定加经椎板开窗椎管减压和经椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效。方法对28例胸腰椎新鲜爆裂性骨折,患者应用后路椎弓根内固定复位,椎板开窗减压+经伤椎椎弓根向椎体前缘植入自体骨及同种异体骨或人工骨。结果术后椎体高度及生理弧度恢复满意,经随访18个月,椎体高度无明显丢失,椎体无塌陷变形,无内固定松动、断裂。结论经后路椎弓根内固定+经椎板开窗减压复位+经椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎新鲜爆裂性骨折,手术安全,效果满意,术后并发症低,远期脊柱稳定性好。     

后路椎弓根螺钉治疗腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨后路椎弓根螺钉治疗腰椎爆裂骨折的临床价值。方法采用后路椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗36例腰椎爆裂骨折患者(38个椎体),通过X线片测量术前、术后1周和术后8个月时椎体前缘相对高度、Cobb角情况。结果患者均获随访,时间8～15个月。伤椎前缘相对高度:术前为42.2%±7.3%,术后1周为98.3%±1.5%,术后8个月为97.5%±1.6%,术后1周及术后8个月较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后8个月与术后1周比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Cobb角:术前为19.2°±6.1°,术后1周为2.6°±1.3°,术后8个月为3.3°±1.4°,术后1周及术后8个月与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后8个月与术后1周比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者均未发生内固定失效情况及后凸畸形再发等并发症。结论后路椎弓根螺钉是治疗腰椎爆裂骨折较理想的方法。     

胸腰椎骨折脱位伤椎固定的可行性研究

目的探讨后路手术治疗合并前、后纵韧带断裂及椎间盘破裂的胸腰椎脊柱骨折脱位的疗效。方法2001年1月至2004年5月收治18例合并前、后纵韧带断裂及椎间盘破裂的脊柱骨折脱位患者，均为男性，年龄19-58岁，平均38岁，均合并截瘫。受伤节段为T11-L3。侧位X线片示骨折椎体楔形变，其中6例椎体后缘高度有丢失。骨折椎体高度压缩程度为1／4～3／4，上位椎体向前脱位25％～100％，2例合并侧方脱位。均于伤后10d内行后路减压椎弓根螺钉植入复位固定融合术。8例采用目前国内通用的在骨折椎体相邻上下椎体植入四枚椎弓根螺钉的复位固定技术，10例采用在骨折椎和相邻上下椎植入六枚椎弓根螺钉的复位固定技术。结果全部病例随访3个月-3年，平均18个月。8例采用二椎体四枚椎弓根螺钉植入者术后骨折椎体高度无改变5例，部分改善3例；骨折椎上位相邻椎脱位部分纠正6例，无变化1例，加重1例。1例出现撑开过度，1例术后3个月出现螺钉松动拔出，1例术后6个月出现断棒。10例三椎体六枚椎弓根螺钉植入者术后骨折椎体复位达80％～100％，骨折椎上位相邻椎脱位均完全复位。术后近期内无严重并发症。结论应用三椎体六枚椎弓根螺钉植入复位固定治疗合并前、后纵韧带断裂及椎间盘破裂的脊柱骨折脱位在操作技术上是可行的，对恢复椎体高度和纠正脱位有效。     

短节段或单节段内固定结合经椎弓根伤椎植骨对胸腰椎骨折愈合的疗效分析

目的 探讨采用短节段或单节段内固定结合经椎弓根伤椎植骨对胸腰椎骨折愈合的疗效.方法 对34例胸腰椎骨折,应用经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨,结合短节段或单节段椎弓根钉棒系统复位固定.结果 术后随访12～26个月,后凸Cobb角由术前的平均20.7°恢复至术后平均3.7°.椎体前缘高度由术前的平均55.3％,恢复至术后平均86.6％.伤椎复位效果好,无明显相邻椎间隙过度撑开.结论 经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨,结合椎弓根钉棒系统复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折,重建了脊柱前中柱的力学结构,获得了稳定性,同时获得有效的椎间盘高度,容纳复位后的髓核,减少伤椎上终板的塌陷,可明显减少内固定断裂、术后Cobb角丢失等并发症.     

椎弓根钉固定结合注射性硫酸钙椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨椎弓根钉复位固定结合注射性硫酸钙(CSC)椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的方法和疗效。方法自2004年6月～2005年6月,对21例胸腰椎骨折采用椎弓根钉复位、固定后,再通过椎弓根将伤椎塌陷终板骨块推顶复位,灌注可注射性CSC行椎体成形术的治疗方法。术后随访并评估此方法的临床疗效。结果平均每个椎体灌注CSC 5．5 mL;2例术中发生椎管内渗漏,漏出呈液态,术后患者无神经症状加重;根据影像学评估,随访时测得Cobb角、椎体前缘高度比值[分别为6．7°±8．1°,(76．7±6．9)％]与术前[分别为21．6°±6．5°,(44．9±2．1)％]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),而与术后即刻[分别为6．2°±8．9°,(78．3±7．7)％]比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0．05)。经8～14个月(平均11．5个月)随访,无椎弓根钉失败病例。结论椎弓根钉复位、固定后采用可注射性CSC行椎体成形术操作简单,无椎管内占位及栓塞等并发症发生,安全性高,可有效恢复椎体力学性能,减少单纯椎弓根钉固定后断钉及椎体高度再丢失等并发症。     

Short segment pedicle screw instrumentation and augmentation vertebroplasty in lumbar burst fractures: an experience

To assess the efficacy and feasibility of vertebroplasty and posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of traumatic lumbar burst fractures. Short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation is a well described technique to reduce and stabilize thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. It is relatively a easy procedure but can only indirectly reduce a fractured vertebral body, and the means of augmenting the anterior column are limited. Hardware failure and a loss of reduction are recognized complications caused by insufficient anterior column support. Patients with traumatic lumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficits were included. After a short segment posterior reduction and fixation, bilateral transpedicular reduction of the endplate was performed using a balloon, and polymethyl methacrylate cement was injected. Pre-operative and post-operative central and anterior heights were assessed with radiographs and MRI. Sixteen patients underwent this procedure, and a substantial reduction of the endplates could be achieved with the technique. All patients recovered uneventfully, and the neurologic examination revealed no deficits. The post-operative radiographs and magnetic resonance images demonstrated a good fracture reduction and filling of the bone defect without unwarranted bone displacement. The central and anterior height of the vertebral body could be restored to 72 and 82% of the estimated intact height, respectively. Complications were cement leakage in three cases without clinical implications and one superficial wound infection. Posterior short-segment pedicle fixation in conjunction with balloon vertebroplasty seems to be a feasible option in the management of lumbar burst fractures, thereby addressing all the three columns through a single approach. Although cement leakage occurred but had no clinical consequences or neurological deficit.     

经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨椎体成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨椎体成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果. 方法 自2005年11月至2008年12月对32例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者采用经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨成形术结合钉棒内固定治疗.观察术前、术后2 d及术后6个月随访的后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值和椎管横截面积侵占率的改善情况. 结果所有患者未出现切口感染,无神经损伤及加重.所有患者获得6～24个月(平均14.2个月)随访.后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值及椎管横截面积术后即刻与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后6个月随访时与术后即刻比较差异均尢统计学意义(P>0.05).本组患者无螺钉松动或断裂,植骨融合率100%.结论 经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折手术操作简单,提供了伤椎前中柱支撑和固定,能够有效地恢复并维持伤椎的高度.     

后路短节段内固定结合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰椎骨折57例疗效分析

目的总结后路短节段内固定结合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法 2010年3月~2012年2月共收治57例老年胸腰椎骨折患者,年龄60~74岁,均采用后路短节段内固定结合椎体成形术治疗。结果 57例患者均获随访,时间12~20月,均未出现伤口感染、断钉等并发症。术后伤椎椎体前缘高度压缩率及Cobb角均较术前显著改善(P0.05),但末次随访与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。末次随访时Frankel神经功能评分:D级9例,E级48例;术后ODI评分:优16例,良27例,可14例,优良率75.4%。结论后路短节段内固定结合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰椎骨折可有效恢复椎体前缘高度,纠正Cobb角,且能避免恢复高度的丢失,效果满意,值得临床推广。     

单纯后路短节段内固定治疗青壮年胸腰段骨折的中长期疗效观察

[目的]回顾分析青壮年胸腰段爆裂骨折行单纯后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗的临床及影像学特点,探讨其临床疗效。[方法]2002年6月～2006年4月,对54例青壮年胸腰段爆裂骨折采用后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,不行后路植骨,并于术后12～20个月行内固定装置取出。资料完整、得到随访的32例。通过X线片,测量包括Cobb′s角,伤椎上下终板成角及伤椎椎体前缘高度比参数,分析手术前后不同时间的伤椎局部变化情况,并采用VAS(visualanalogscale,VAS)疼痛指数评价病程中腰背痛程度。[结果]术后32例获得随访,随访时间36～56个月,平均43个月。内固定术后复位满意,疼痛缓解明显,椎弓根螺钉断裂4例。随访期间,伤椎椎体高度和伤椎上下终板成角丢失不明显(P0.05),Cobb′s角有一定丢失(P0.05),疼痛程度无明显变化。[结论]对于青壮年,单纯后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定能提供良好复位和高度维持,术后取出内固定装置,可恢复局部运动功能。     

Use of kyphoplasty versus 360-degree fusion for unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures: Using minimally invasive techniques in trauma

Much controversy surrounds the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures with treatment options consisting of anterior, posterior, or combined anterior and posterior surgery. Traditionally, anterior column reconstruction has been performed through an anterior approach with vertebrectomy and reconstruction with a cage or structural graft. This is typically supplemented with posterior pedicle screw fixation. There has been increased interest in pursuing minimally invasive options to decrease patient morbidity. The article discusses the use of vertebroplasty to support the anterior column and discusses the risks, benefits, biomechanics, and outcomes of such a procedure in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.     

Short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent thoracolumbar fractures

To evaluate the short-term outcomes of short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with per-cutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent tho-racolumbar fractures. Methods: Twenty patients who suffered from nonadja-cent thoracolumbar fractures were treated by short segmental pedicle screw fixation for burst fracture and by percutane-ous vertebroplasty for compression fracture. X-rays, CT and MRI scans were conducted using the same protocol before and after surgery and during follow-up. Pre- and post-operative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades, fusion of fracture sites, visual analog scale (VAS) of back pain, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were accessed. Results: All patients were followed up for an average period of 12 months. The sagittal profile of the thoracolum-bar spine was restored satisfactorily. No patient had neuro-logic deterioration after surgery, and 9 patients with incom-plete lesions improved postoperatively by at least one ASIA grade. The fusion rate was 100%. The average VAS of back pain was 7.6 preoperatively and 3.2 postoperatively. The average ODI was 72.5 preoperatively and 35.5 postoperatively. Conclusions: Short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent thoracolumbar fractures exhibits such advan-tages as preserving functional segment units, reliable fixation, good neurologic recovery and early mobilization and, therefore, is suitable for treating nonadjacent thora-columbar fractures.     

Short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent thoracolumbar fractures

To evaluate the short-term outcomes of short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with per-cutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent tho-racolumbar fractures. Methods: Twenty patients who suffered from nonadja-cent thoracolumbar fractures were treated by short segmental pedicle screw fixation for burst fracture and by percutane-ous vertebroplasty for compression fracture. X-rays, CT and MRI scans were conducted using the same protocol before and after surgery and during follow-up. Pre- and post-operative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades, fusion of fracture sites, visual analog scale (VAS) of back pain, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were accessed. Results: All patients were followed up for an average period of 12 months. The sagittal profile of the thoracolum-bar spine was restored satisfactorily. No patient had neuro-logic deterioration after surgery, and 9 patients with incom-plete lesions improved postoperatively by at least one ASIA grade. The fusion rate was 100%. The average VAS of back pain was 7.6 preoperatively and 3.2 postoperatively. The average ODI was 72.5 preoperatively and 35.5 postoperatively. Conclusions: Short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent thoracolumbar fractures exhibits such advan-tages as preserving functional segment units, reliable fixation, good neurologic recovery and early mobilization and, therefore, is suitable for treating nonadjacent thora-columbar fractures.     

骨水泥强化椎弓根钉钉道治疗伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨骨水泥强化椎弓根钉钉道治疗伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2007年8月～2011年2月收治的11例伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者的临床资料,平均56.1岁,无重大基础病存在,经脊柱后入路椎弓根钉撑开复位,钉道采用骨水泥灌注加强。术后随访7个月～42个月,平均27月。结果 均耐受手术,平均手术时间为92.7±5.3min,平均失血量为270±6.1ml,术后腰背痛明显改善,椎体高度恢复至90%左右,随访椎体高度角度丢失不明显,内固定无断裂、移位。结论 应用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉道治疗伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折,矫正及维持椎体复位效果好,完备的围手术期治疗、手术技巧的掌握和骨质疏松药物治疗是关键。     

Short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent thoracolumbar fractures

To evaluate the short-term outcomes of short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with per-cutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent tho-racolumbar fractures. Methods: Twenty patients who suffered from nonadja-cent thoracolumbar fractures were treated by short segmental pedicle screw fixation for burst fracture and by percutane-ous vertebroplasty for compression fracture. X-rays, CT and MRI scans were conducted using the same protocol before and after surgery and during follow-up. Pre- and post-operative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades, fusion of fracture sites, visual analog scale (VAS) of back pain, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were accessed. Results: All patients were followed up for an average period of 12 months. The sagittal profile of the thoracolum-bar spine was restored satisfactorily. No patient had neuro-logic deterioration after surgery, and 9 patients with incom-plete lesions improved postoperatively by at least one ASIA grade. The fusion rate was 100%. The average VAS of back pain was 7.6 preoperatively and 3.2 postoperatively. The average ODI was 72.5 preoperatively and 35.5 postoperatively. Conclusions: Short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in treatment of nonadjacent thoracolumbar fractures exhibits such advan-tages as preserving functional segment units, reliable fixation, good neurologic recovery and early mobilization and, therefore, is suitable for treating nonadjacent thora-columbar fractures.