前列宁栓抗炎镇痛作用实验

目的:研究前列宁栓的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法:采用二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验、角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿实验、大鼠棉球肉芽肿的影响实验、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验,细菌性(大肠杆菌)前列腺炎的抗炎作用。采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应实验和小鼠热板法实验观察了前列宁栓的镇痛作用。结果:前列宁栓可明显抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓炎症;在多数时间降低角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀;明显抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的生成;明显降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性;明显抑制大鼠细菌性前列腺炎;明显降低醋酸致小鼠扭体反应数;明显升高小鼠痛阈值。结论:前列宁栓具有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

颈舒胶囊抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:对颈舒胶囊进行抗炎、镇痛等有关药效学方面的实验研究.方法:采用角叉菜胶致炎法、二甲苯致耳廓肿胀法、热板法、扭体法等多种动物模型和方法.结果:颈舒胶囊对二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀及角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足跖肿胀有较好的抑制作用,可抑制冰醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性亢进,对大鼠棉球肉芽肿有较好的抑制作用;对小鼠热板致痛及醋酸诱发的小鼠腹痛有较好的镇痛作用;对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的足跖肿胀有较好的治疗作用.结论:颈舒胶囊有抗炎、镇痛、消肿等作用.     

三叶青提取物抗炎、镇痛及解热作用的实验研究

目的:探讨三叶青提取物(ERT)的抗炎、镇痛及解热作用,并验证其相关功效.方法:以小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透法、小鼠耳肿胀法及大鼠足肿胀法观察其抗炎作用;以小鼠扭体法、热板法观察其镇痛作用;以干酵母致热法及2,4-二硝基苯酚致热法观察其解热作用.结果:三叶青提取物能明显抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管炎性渗出,抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀及10%蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀;减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数,提高热板法小鼠痛阈值;并降低干酵母和2,4-二硝基苯酚致大鼠发热模型的体温.结论:三叶青提取物具有较好的抗炎、镇痛及解热作用,与其相关的中医临床功效及主治相符.     

玄花颗粒抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的研究玄花颗粒的抗炎镇痛作用。方法抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀等常规抗炎实验法;镇痛实验采用热板法和醋酸扭体法。结果玄花颗粒可明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足肿胀,能显著抑制醋酸致小鼠扭体反应,可明显延长热板引起小鼠疼痛反应的痛阈值。结论玄花颗粒有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。     

健胃康颗粒剂抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的观察健胃康颗粒剂的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法采用小鼠耳肿胀、大鼠角叉菜胶足跖肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿等实验模型观察其抗炎作用;以小鼠热板法和扭体法研究其镇痛作用。结果健胃康颗粒剂能明显抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀,角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀以及棉球肉芽肿的增生;并可提高小鼠的热痛阈值,减少小鼠的扭体次数。结论健胃康颗粒剂具有抗炎、镇痛作用。     

复方威灵仙合剂抗炎、镇痛作用观察

目的：观察复方威灵仙合剂抗炎、镇痛作用。方法：分别采用小鼠醋酸扭体法、热板法观察药物的镇痛作用,蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀法、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法观察抗炎作用。结果：复方威灵仙合剂能明显减少小鼠醋酸所引起的扭体反应数,延长小鼠热板法引起的痛反应潜伏期．对大鼠蛋清所致足跖肿胀及二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿账均有明显的抑制作用。结论：复方威灵仙合剂具有抗炎,镇痛作用．     

大叶秦艽花与麻花秦艽花抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的研究大叶秦艽花与麻花秦艽花的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀和大鼠角叉菜胶足趾肿胀模型,研究大叶秦艽花与麻花秦艽花的抗炎作用;采用热板法、醋酸扭体法、光照甩尾法,研究大叶秦艽与麻花秦艽的镇痛作用。结果大叶秦艽、麻花秦艽能减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀的体积和大鼠角叉菜胶足趾肿胀率;提高热板法引起小鼠的痛阈值及延长光电甩尾法所致的潜伏期;显著地减少醋酸引起的扭体次数。结论大叶秦艽花与麻花秦艽花具有较好的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

乌梅透骨口服液抗炎镇痛活血作用的药效学

目的：观察乌梅透骨口服液（WTOL）的抗炎、镇痛和活血化淤作用。方法：采用二甲苯致耳肿胀实验、腹腔毛细血管通透性实验、角叉菜胶致足跖肿胀实验和棉球肉芽肿实验观察该药的抗炎作用；采用扭体实验和热板实验观察WTOL的镇痛作用；建立血淤模型观察该药的活血作用。结果：WTOL能显著抑制二甲苯所致的耳肿胀、降低腹腔毛细血管通透性、抑制角叉菜胶引起的足跖肿胀和棉球所致的肉芽肿（P〈0．05）；对醋酸引起的扭体反应有显著的抑制作用，并能明显提高小鼠热板痛阈（P〈0．05）；能降低血淤模型大鼠的血液黏度及红细胞压积（P〈0．05）。结论：WTOL对实验动物模型具有明显的抗炎、镇痛及活血作用。     

复方独活寄生合剂抗炎、镇痛作用观察

目的：观察复方独活寄生合剂抗炎、镇痛作用。方法：分别采用蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀法、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法观察抗炎作用，采用小鼠醋酸扭体法、热板法观察药物的镇痛作用。结果：复方独活寄生合剂对蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀及二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀均有明显抑制作用，且能显著减少醋酸所引起的小鼠扭体反应次数，延长小鼠热板法引起的痛反应潜伏期。结论：复方独活寄生合剂具有抗炎、镇痛作用。     

祛风活络丸抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:观察祛风活络丸的抗炎、镇痛作用.方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿、小鼠热板与醋酸扭体等方法评价祛风活络丸的抗炎、镇痛作用.结果:祛风活络丸对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸诱发的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、大鼠棉球致肉芽组织增生均有显著的抑制作用,能显著降低大鼠角叉菜胶性足跖炎症组织内PGE2含量与胸腔渗出液中白细胞计数,并能明显提高小鼠化学刺激和热刺激所致疼痛的痛阈值.结论:祛风活络丸具有较好的抗炎、镇痛作用.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.