钛制弹性髓内钉治疗儿童四肢长骨骨干骨折

目的 探讨使用钛制弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童四肢长骨骨干骨折的临床疗效.方法 应用钛制弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童四肢长骨骨干骨折34例.结果 所有患儿随访时间3～18个月,平均6个月;骨折全部愈合,时间为6～12周,平均8周.患肢行走、负重和活动功能完全恢复正常,无钉道感染、延迟愈合或不愈合及畸形愈合和骨骺损伤.结论 钛制弹性髓内钉内固定适合于儿童四肢长骨骨干横形、短斜形骨折,具有简便、微创、安全、术后康复快等优点.     

闭合复位弹性髓内钉与切开复位钢板内固定治疗儿童长骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的比较闭合复位弹性髓内钉与切开复位钢板内固定治疗儿童长骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013-01—2015-12诊治的104例儿童长骨干骨折,采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定56例(髓内钉组),采用切开复位钢板内固定48例(钢板组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、下地负重时间、并发症发生率,骨折愈合后评定关节功能。结果 104例均获得随访10~24个月,平均16个月。髓内钉组出现3例钉尾激惹反应。钢板组6例骨折延迟愈合,4例取出钢板后再骨折。髓内钉组在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、下地负重时间、并发症发生率、术后关节功能方面优于钢板组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童长骨干骨折的疗效显著,术后恢复快,并发症发生率低。     

弹性髓内钉在儿童四肢长骨干骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童四肢长骨干骨折的临床应用。方法自2010年8月至2014年7月笔者采用弹性髓内钉治疗儿童四肢长骨干骨折36例。男25例,女11例,年龄3~12岁(平均5.6岁)。股骨骨折12例,胫腓骨双骨折8例(开放性1例),尺桡骨双骨折9例,单纯尺骨骨折1例,肱骨骨折6例。结果所有病例术后均进行了3~18月(平均10.8月)的随访。骨折均愈合,术后1例因针尾留置过长致皮肤激惹反应,无骨不连、髓内钉折断或畸形愈合等并发症。结论弹性髓内钉治疗儿童四肢长骨干骨折临床疗效满意,具有安全,微创,操作简单、骨折愈合快、并发症少等优点。     

经皮钛制弹性髓内钉治疗儿童长骨骨干骨折

目的 探讨微创弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童长骨骨干骨折的疗效.方法 采用经皮钛制弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童下肢长骨骨干骨折35例.结果 所有患儿均获随访,时间5个月～1年,骨折全部愈合,邻近关节活动和患肢功能完全恢复正常.无钉道感染和畸形愈合,1例过度生长0.8 cm的患儿在随访25周时已自我改善,1例发生<5°的外翻成角.所有患儿6个月后患肢行走和负重功能完全正常.结论 钛制弹性髓内钉适合于儿童和青少年股骨,胫骨干横形、短斜形骨折,具有微创、安全、简便等优点.     

外固定架辅助弹性髓内钉治疗儿童四肢干部骨折

[目的]探讨外固定支架辅助闭合复位微创弹性髓内钉治疗儿童长四肢干部骨折的疗效。[方法] 2013年1月—2017年12月,采用外固定支架辅助闭合复位微创弹性髓内钉治疗33例儿童四肢干部骨折患儿。男21例,女12例。年龄6～13岁,平均(9.91±1.24)岁。骨折原因为:跌伤22例,车祸伤11例。外伤到手术时间2～7 d,平均3.8 d。[结果]所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间平均(4.13±0.76)年。术后3 d X线片显示,骨折复位满意,力线良好,骨折骨性愈合时间5～8个月,平均(5.93±1.01)个月;内固定去除时间12～14个月,平均(13.14±2.07)个月。末次随访时,四肢无畸形,关节活动度良好。[结论]采用外固定支架辅助闭合复位微创弹性髓内钉治疗儿童长四肢干部骨折,疗效满意,并发症较少。     

弹性髓内钉治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折

目的探讨儿童桡骨颈骨折的治疗方法和疗效。方法自2005年10月至2007年6月用弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折12例。结果12例均获随访,随访时间3～13个月,平均7个月,良好10例,较好2例。结论弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折,具有疗效可靠、微创、可尽早恢复功能活动、并发症少的特点。     

弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童四肢长骨骨折的体会

目的探讨弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童长骨骨折的临床效果及体会。方法回顾性分析自2012-06—2015-01诊治的38例儿童四肢长骨骨折的临床资料,分析其临床效果及注意事项。结果 38例均获得随访8~24个月,平均16.1个月,术后6个月骨折达骨性愈合,术后6个月疗效按Flynn评分标准评定:优36例,良2例。无关节功能障碍、骨感染、骨不连、再骨折等并发症。结论弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童四肢长骨骨折具有创伤小、骨折愈合快、并发症少等优点。     

弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折的临床疗效及注意事项。方法回顾性分析自2015-10—2018-12采用钛制弹性髓内钉内固定治疗的35例儿童股骨干骨折,分析骨折愈合、肢体功能恢复情况及并发症情况。结果本组手术时间为30~90 min,术中出血量为10~100 mL。35例均获得随访,平均随访时间8(6~19)个月。所有患者骨折均愈合,愈合时间6~32周,平均8.6周。所有患者髋、膝关节活动度恢复良好,未发现入钉点劈裂、切口感染、骨折不愈合、骨折畸形愈合、肢体不等长、主钉断裂等并发症。结论弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折具有创伤小、骨折愈合好、患肢功能恢复快、二次取出内固定简便、并发症少等优点。     

经皮撬拨复位弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折

目的总结经皮撬拨复位弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法对24例桡骨颈JudetⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折患儿在C臂机间断透视下采用克氏针撬拨复位、弹性髓内钉固定,术后辅以石膏托外固定。术后4周去除石膏进行功能锻炼,术后3～6个月视骨折愈合情况取出弹性髓内钉。结果患儿均获得随访,时间8～24个月。骨折均获得骨性愈合。术后8个月根据Tibone-Stoltz评分标准评价肘关节功能疗效:优16例,良6例,可2例,优良率为22/24。患儿均未发生桡神经损伤、桡骨头缺血坏死、骨骺早闭、针道感染等并发症。结论经皮撬拨复位弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童桡骨颈JudetⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折疗效满意,手术创伤小,并发症少,术后可较快恢复肘关节功能。     

有限扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗长骨干骨折临床观察

目的 总结带锁随内钉有限扩髓内固定治疗四肢骨干骨折的体会.方法 通过病例系列研究,58例采用微创加有限扩髓带锁随内钉固定治疗.对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术后随访3～24个月,平均13.5个月,骨折全部愈合,关节功能均恢复正常,有2例骨折延迟愈合.结论 微创技术加有限扩髓带锁髓内钉固定治疗长骨干骨折,操作简单...     

弹性髓内针固定治疗儿童长骨骨折

目的评价弹性髓内针内固定治疗儿童长骨骨折的疗效。方法采用弹性髓内针治疗儿童骨折43例,35例采用闭合复位弹性髓内针固定,8例配合小切口复位固定。结果43例均获得随访,时间4～24个月。骨折均获得临床愈合,时间4～24周。参照Flynn提出的髓内针治疗骨折的评分标准：末次随访时优41例,良2例,优良率100%。其中股骨干骨折延迟愈合1例,针尾刺激症状3例;无骨不连、畸形愈合和骨骺损伤。结论弹性髓内针内固定是治疗儿童长骨骨折的有效方法,适用于3～13岁儿童骨折,具有微创、康复快、并发症少等优点。     

两种方法治疗大龄儿童肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效比较

目的观察大龄儿童移位型肱骨外科颈骨折经闭合复位逆向弹性髓内针内固定以及克氏针内固定两种不同手术方法的临床疗效对比。 方法回顾性分析十堰市人民医院创伤骨科从2016年5月至2018年12月2.5年间符合纳入标准的手术内固定治疗的儿童及青少年移位型肱骨外科颈骨折45例患者，按照内固定方法分为两组：逆向弹性髓内针内固定23例(弹性髓内针组)；闭合复位克氏针内固定22例(克氏针组)。采用t检验或卡方检验分析骨折愈合时间，肩关节功能评分、并发症个数及优良率。 结果所有病例骨折均达到良好愈合，骨折愈合时间为(8.0±2.1)周。术后6周两组功能评分弹性髓内针组优于克氏针组(t＝5.295，P<0.05)；术后3个月功能评分无明显差异(P>0.05)。88.9%患者肩关节功能均达到了优良效果，两组优良率无明显差异(X²＝0，P>0.05)。弹性髓内针组有1例出现桡神经挫伤，2例出现弹性髓内针穿出；4例出现复位再丢失。但克氏针内固定组出现了克氏针松动、脱落4例；骨折复位丢失3例；无血管神经损伤并发症。 结论采用逆向弹性髓内针及克氏针内固定治疗儿童移位型肱骨外科颈骨折，都是微创、有效的治疗方法，值得临床推广运用。术者应选择熟悉的手术方法避免并发症。     

弹性髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折疗效比较

目的比较弹性髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法将64例儿童股骨干骨折患儿按治疗方法分为两组:A组(34例)采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定,B组(30例)采用切开复位钢板内固定。术后定期随访,比较两组的手术时间及骨折愈合时间,依照Kolmert et al功能评定标准评价患者术后膝关节活动、疼痛、稳定性及肌力情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间10~24个月。A组的手术时间及骨折愈合时间明显短于B组(P0.05)。功能评价:A组优18例,良14例,可2例,优良率94.1%;B组优8例,良14例,可6例,差2例,优良率73.3%;A组疗效优于B组(P0.05)。结论与钢板内固定相比,闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折骨折愈合时间较短,功能恢复较好。     

Intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures

Summary Humeral shaft fractures can be treated either conservatively or operatively. Plating of the humerus is the established operative method, but recently interest has also been focussed on intramedullary nailing. Fifty-nine cases of humeral fractures treated with intramedullary nailing (Seidel/Marchetti-Vicenzi/Prévot) from January 1991 to December 1995 (44 fractures after trauma, 11 pathological fractures, 3 pseudarthroses, 1 re-fracture). Closed reduction in 55/59 cases. One infection (soft tissue); 2/48 pseudarthrosis (indication for nailing: pseudarthrosis!). No iatrogenic palsy of the radial nerve. Functional postoperative treatment in all 44 cases of humeral fractures after adequate trauma. One poor functional result: periarticular ossification after retrograde nailing, possibly connected with long-term respiratory treatment after trauma. Treatment of humeral shaft fractures by intramedullary nailing is favoured in our clinic (low complication rates, excellent or good functional results, limited approaches, small scars). Proximal fractures should be treated by the Seidel nail (stable interlocking of the proximal fragment); very distal fractures need Prévot nailing (reaming of condylar canals). All other fractures of the humeral shaft can be treated by each of the implants used in our clinic. Pathological fractures are an excellent indication for intramedullary stabilization. These patients benefit from stable fixation without intense surgical trauma. Pseudarthrosis, according to our limited experience, seems to require plating plus bone grafting. Plating is also recommended if revision of the radial nerve becomes necessary.      

弹性髓内钉在儿童肱骨干骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨弹性髓内钉治疗儿童肱骨干骨折的临床效果。方法对37例肱骨干骨折(经手法复位不满意或手法复位石膏固定后再移位)患儿采取闭合复位、小切口弹性髓内钉内固定治疗。除2例因手法复位失败采用有限切开复位外,其余均采用闭合复位。分别于术后3、6、12个月对患儿肩、肘关节功能进行评分。结果 37例均获随访,时间6～24个月,2例因钉尾过长或折弯致肱骨进针点疼痛和钉尾刺激反应,拔钉后症状消失。骨折全部骨性愈合,愈合时间3～6个月。均无感染、短缩、旋转畸形以及骨骺、神经损伤等并发症发生。采用Constant和Murley肩关节评分系统、Mayo肘关节功能评分系统评价疗效,术后12个月疗效:优20例,良15例,可2例,优良率为94.59%。结论弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童肱骨干骨折创伤小,可早期活动,愈合快,并发症少。     

下肢复杂骨折交锁髓内钉治疗粉碎骨折螺钉辅助固定的意义

[目的]探索在交锁髓内钉治疗下肢复杂骨折中粉碎骨折块辅助固定的意义。[方法]下肢复杂骨折78例根据AO分型均为C型骨折，通过交锁髓内钉内固定，辅以拉力螺钉固定。[结果]术后摄片骨折及骨折块达解剖或功能复位，随诊6～24个月，优良率为94．88％（74／78例）。[结论]四肢复杂骨折治疗中，粉碎骨折块的螺钉辅助固定能够加强交锁髓内钉的稳定性，减少断钉、断棒现象，有利于骨折愈合。     

Intramedullary Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of femoral fracture in children

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of standard intramedullary Kirschner wires (K-wires) for the treatment of femoral shaft fracture in children. Methods We report the results of intramedullary K-wires nailing in 178 children with a mean age of 7.7 years (range, 4–14 years) from 2000 to 2005, retrospectively. A total of 184 diaphyseal femoral fractures were treated with both antegrade and retrograde nailing using the same principles of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). The patients were followed for 12 months on average (range, 6–24 months). Results No major complication (limb length discrepancy >15 mm, non-union, avascular necrosis, knee joint stiffness) occurred during the observation period. All fractures healed within 7.1 weeks on average (range, 5–12 weeks). Associated injuries were seen in 16.9% of the cases. All but seven fractures were reduced by closed manipulation. Early mobilization and weight bearing was allowed. Intramedullary K-wires were removed after an average of 4.8 months (range, 3–12 months) without any complications. Conclusions In children, intramedullary fixation by using standard K-wires provides effective treatment for the diaphyseal femoral fracture that has excellent clinical results. Each intramedullary K-wire costs US $5, which adds a cost effective advantage to this method of treatment.     

Elastic intramedullary nailing of paediatric fractures of the forearm: a decade of experience in a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom

We present the results of 90 consecutive children with displaced fractures of the forearm treated by elastic stable intramedullary nailing with a mean follow-up of 6.6 months (2.0 to 17.6). Eight (9%) had open fractures and 77 (86%) had sustained a fracture of both bones. The operations were performed by orthopaedic trainees in 78 patients (86%). All fractures healed at a mean of 2.9 months (1.1 to 8.7). There was one case of delayed union of an ulnar fracture. An excellent or good functional outcome was achieved in 76 patients (84%). There was no statistical difference detected when the grade of operating surgeon, age of the patient and the diaphyseal level of the fracture were correlated with the outcome. A limited open reduction was required in 40 fractures (44%). Complications included seven cases of problematic wounds, two transient palsies of the superficial radial nerve and one case each of malunion and a post-operative compartment syndrome. At final follow-up, all children were pain-free and without limitation of sport and play activities. Our findings indicate that the functional outcome following paediatric fractures of the forearm treated by elastic stable intramedullary nailing is good, without the need for anatomical restoration of the radial bow.     

Elastic intramedullary nailing of midclavicular fractures

The majority of midclavicular fractures are treated conservatively. Fractures that require internal fixation are treated by plate osteosynthesis as the standard procedure. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is an increasingly popular alternative for the internal fixation of displaced midclavicular fractures. In a three-year period, 15 fractures of the clavicle were treated by elastic intramedullary nailing. Fracture healing, clinical outcome and complications were assessed. Mean follow-up time was one year All fractures healed clinically and radiologically. Non-union or infections were not observed. Functional results according to the Constant score were excellent. Complications consisted of skin irritation in four cases. One acromioclavicular joint separation was observed postoperatively. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of displaced midclavicular fractures is a minimally invasive technique with excellent functional results and early pain relief.     

Intramedullary osteosynthesis for treatment of pseudarthrosis]

The main causes of long bone fractures healing complications are: insufficient vascularisation of the bone fragments and excessive movement in the fracture site. Intramedullary osteosynthesis preceded by intramedullary reaming (internal decortication) ensure refreshing of the bone ends and a good mechanical stabilisation in cases with pseudoarthroses. Long bone fractures healing complications occurring during either conservative or operative treatment can be treated using this method. Intramedullary nailing with reaming usually suffices in the treatment of pseudoarthroses of the lower extremity. Weight bearing stimulates metaplasia of connective tissue into bone. Lack of dynamic compression in the upper extremity requires intramedullary nailing to be supplemented by interlocking of the nail and open external decortication of the fracture site. Several cases of pseudoarthoses treated with intramedullary osteosynthesis are presented.