2012-2018年大竹县TB/HIV双重感染者流行及治疗转归情况分析

目的了解大竹县结核杆菌/艾滋病病毒(TB/HIV)双重感染情况,为制定TB/HIV双重感染防治措施提供科学依据。方法通过结核病与艾滋病双相筛查,对2012-2018年大竹县发现的TB/HIV双重感染者资料进行分析。结果 2012-2018年大竹县登记结核病患者共4 591例,HIV抗体检测率为99.36%,检出阳性率为0.28%;可随访HIV/AIDS患者共10 016例,结核病筛查率为98.30%,检出阳性率为0.60%。共发现72例TB/HIV双重感染者,以男性(83.33%)、50岁及以上年龄(38.89%)、初中文化程度(43.06%)、已婚者(43.06%)和农民(75.00%)为主。72例患者全部接受抗病毒治疗和抗结核治疗,19例治愈,51例完成结核病治疗疗程,抗结核治疗成功率达97.22%。结论大竹县结核病与艾滋病双相筛查率高,抗结核治疗成功率较高,对于有效控制结核病和艾滋病的流行具有重要意义。     

HIV/TB双重感染的临床诊断

目的探讨HIV/TB双重感染临床诊断方法,提高HIV/TB双重感染的发现率。方法成立HIV/TB双重感染诊断技术专家小组,以国家诊疗指南为依据,对HIV/TB双重感染患者进行临床诊断,在结核病患者1 864例中筛查艾滋病,在艾滋病患者1 185例中筛查结核病。结果 1 864例结核病患者检出HIV感染87例,HIV感染率为4.67%;1 185例艾滋病患者检出结核病397例,检出率为33.50%。484例HIV/TB双重感染患者中肺结核313例占64.67%(其中涂阳肺结核91例,涂阴肺结核病222例),结核性胸膜炎39例占8.06%;肺外结核132例占27.27%,其中淋巴结结核61例,结核性脑膜炎20例,其他肺外结核51例。结论传染病专科医院可以充分发挥专业诊疗技术的优势,通过多渠道多方面的检查手段,提高HIV/TB双重感染的发现率,为TB/HIV双重感染防治工作提供更多的技术支持,使患者得到早期诊断及治疗,有效控制结核病和艾滋病的扩散。     

关于结核病/艾滋病双重感染病人病死率高的原因分析

目的 通过对结核病人群合并艾滋病病毒感染以及艾滋病患者合并结核菌感染病人死亡原因分析,了解结核病/艾滋病双重感染病人与各类因素的相关性,达到早发现,早诊断,早治疗,延长TB/HIV双感病人的生命和提高他们生存质量的目的.方法 通过对东湖区第五轮全球基金结核病/艾滋病双重感染防治项目开展三年来,我区已筛查出的24例TB/HIV双重感染病人中死亡原因的研究.结果 结核病是艾滋病病毒感染者和病人常见的机会性感染和主要死亡原因.结论 控制结核病感染和提高艾滋病合并肺结核双重感染的认识是降低结核病/艾滋病双重感染病人病死率的关键.     

陕西省TB与HIV/AIDS双向筛查及TB/HIV患者抗结核治疗转归队列分析

目的 了解陕西省TB/HIV (结核分枝杆菌 /艾滋病病毒)双重感染防治工作。提高TB/HIV发现、治疗和管理力度,控制结核病和艾滋病的进一步传播,保护公众健康。方法 收集整理和分析2010—2017年陕西省各地上报的《TB/HIV 双重感染防治管理工作年度报表》。结果 2010—2017年,累计接受HIV抗体检测的结核病患者43 304例,检测率25.10%,HIV检测阳性数16例,阳性检出率0.04%;同期,HIV /AIDS患者中,新检出的HIV/AIDS中接受X线胸片或查痰9 666人,结核病检查率76.81%;诊断TB/HIV双重感染患者224人,结核病患者检出率2.32%;既往的HIV/AIDS中接受X线胸片或查痰24 277人次,结核病检查率80.43%;诊断TB/HIV双重感染患者105人,结核病患者检出率0.43%;结核中筛HIV/AIDS,新检出HIV/AIDS中筛结核,既往HIV/AIDS中筛结核,三组检出率两两进行对比,差别均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;共进行抗结核治疗263例,抗结核治疗率76.23%;进行抗病毒治疗256例,抗病毒治疗率74.20%;抗结核治疗的TB/HIV患者中治愈35例（17.59%）,完成疗程率141例（70.85%）,结核死亡1例（0.50%）,非结核死亡15例（7.54%）,丢失2例（1.00%）,其他5例（2.51%）。结论 双向筛查是切实有效的早期发现TB/HIV的方法,有利于提高TB/HIV的早期发现,并能提高TB/HIV双重感染患者结核病的治疗成功率、降低结核病死亡率,有效的控制TB/HIV双重感染疫情。     

大理市结核病/艾滋病双重感染流行现状分析

目的 通过在大理市了解结核病/艾滋病双重感染流行现状,分析其流行特征和影响因素,并对防治控制措施进行探讨,有效控制TB/HIV双重感染.方法 将项目执行4年(2006年10月1日-2010年9月30日)结核病/艾滋病双重感染筛查数据进行分析.结果 双重感染病人主要集中分布在城区和拘押场所的17-60岁的男性汉族人群中,以吸毒人群为多.结论 对防治控制措施进行探讨,有效控制TB/HIV双重感染.     

619例艾滋病患者中结核病筛查分析

目的:了解艾滋病(AIDS)患者中结核病(TB)的患病情况及发病趋势,对TB/AIDS双重感染者开展积极防治.方法:对619例已确诊AIDS人群分批集中进行拍摄正位胸片、痰涂片试验和痰培养检查并进行回顾性分析.结果:在619例AIDS中,检查出结核病247例,检出率为39.9%;其中男性检出率为43.9%,女性检出率为26.9%,经X2检验差异有统计学意义.24～34岁年龄组检出率最高,占总检出人数的62.8%.结论:AIDS患者是感染结核病的高危人群,加强对TB/AIDS双重感染的监测、诊断、预防、干预及治疗方面的探索研究是非常必要的.     

结核病与艾滋病双重感染病例流行病学特点分析

目的了解结核病与艾滋病双重感染病例流行病学特点。方法随访已确诊的艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人,为HIV/AIDS者拍摄X线胸片和痰抗酸杆菌染色涂片检查,对确诊的10例TB/HIV病例进行流行病学分析。结果TB/HIV双重感染病例中,涂阳检出率低于涂阴检出率,主要集中在儿童和青壮年,男女性无显著性差异,血液传播占70.0%。结论在结核病人和HIV/AIDS中开展结核病与艾滋病双重感染双向监测,提高TB/HIV双重感染病人发现率,防止传播和蔓延。     

结核病与艾滋病防治机构合作防治TB/HIV双重感染研究

目的探索TB/HIV双重感染防治机构间一种科学的、可行的合作模式。方法省、市、县三级分别成立由结核病和艾滋病防治机构专业人员组成的项目小组,负责本级项目实施和管理工作。结核病和艾滋病专业人员联合进行培训、定期召开协调会议、共同督导访视。合作对确诊的结核病人进行咨询及HIV抗体检测。合作对确诊的HIV/AIDS进行结核病筛查。结果省、市、县三级疾病预防控制中心内部结核病与艾滋病防治机构建立了防治TB/HIV双重感染合作模式,并运行良好。399例HIV/AIDS病例中确诊结核病人6例,TB/HIV双重感染率为1.5%。结论疾病预防控制中心内部结核病与艾滋病机构间的合作开展TB/HIV双重感染防治是有效和可行的。     

艾滋病与结核病双重感染的研究进展

艾滋病病毒(HIV)与结核分枝杆菌的混合感染的流行较为严重,已经成为世界普遍关注的问题.结核病已经成为HIV阳性患者的主要机会性感染,二者相互影响,且HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)人群发生结核病后,诊断和治疗都比较困难,患者病情进展迅速,造成了很多负面影响.本文就HIV/TB双重感染的流行状况、关系和机制、临床诊断及治疗现状作一综述.     

广州地区Mtb/HIV双重感染筛查情况及临床疗效

目的探讨广州市结核病控制项目结核病/艾滋病(Mtb/HIV)双重感染筛查转介防治效果。方法收集分析广州市6个区(荔湾区、越秀区、海珠区、天河区、白云区、番禺区)2013-2014年登记的13 697例结核病患者和可随访到的9 093例人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染或获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)患者双向筛查情况,以及筛查出的肺结核与艾滋病双重感染患者治疗转归情况。结果 2013-2014年登记的结核病患者接受HIV抗体检测率为18.77%(2 571/13 926),HIV阳性检出率为0.19%(5/2 571)。可随访到的艾滋病患者经肺结核筛查,结核病患者检出率为1.87%(170/9 093)。艾滋病患者和结核病患者在Mtb/HIV双筛检出率上差异有统计学意义(χ~2=38.055,P0.01)。双筛出的结核病与HIV双重感染患者抗痨治疗初治涂阳肺结核治愈率为69.23%,复治涂阳肺结核治愈率为42.86%,总体治疗成功率为72.05%,总体病死率为8.70%。结论 Mtb与HIV感染双向筛查是发现Mtb与HIV双重感染患者的主要途径,应加强结防机构与艾防机构合作机制,提高Mtb/HIV双重感染患者治疗成功率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.