LINC联合Schuell刺激疗法治疗脑梗死后运动性失语症的疗效观察

目的:探讨低强度激光鼻腔内照射(LINC)联合Schuell刺激疗法对脑梗死运动性失语的疗效。方法:将脑梗死后运动性失语患者50例随机分为2组,单一组24例,采用Schuell刺激疗法进行言语训练;联合组26例,在Schuell刺激疗法的基础上,加用LINC治疗。2组训练前后采用西方失语成套测验(WAB)评价患者语言功能,失语商(AQ)评分评定失语程度。结果:治疗30d后,2组WAB评分中患者自发言语、复述、命名等评分及AQ指数均较治疗前明显提高(P0.05),且联合组优于单一组(P0.05);口语理解能力评分2组治疗前后及组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:LINC联合Schuell刺激疗法对脑梗死运动性失语症患者的言语功能恢复有积极作用,对自发言语、复述、命名等言语症状有明显治疗优势。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合言语训练对缺血性脑卒中患者语言功能重建的作用

目的:探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合言语训练对缺血性卒中失语患者语言功能重建的作用。方法:缺血性卒中后失语患者100例随机分为2组,各50例。对照组患者实施言语康复训练,联合组在对照组基础上加用低频rTMS。于治疗前、后,采用汉语失语成套测验(ABC)评定患者语言功能,计算失语商(AQ),采用功能性言语沟通能力判定法(CFCP)评估患者的日常生活交流和沟通能力。结果:2组治疗后ABC评分、AQ和CFCP评分均较治疗前显著升高,且联合组评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:低频rTMS联合言语训练有助于重建缺血性卒中失语患者的语言功能。     

反应扩充疗法联合rTMS对脑卒中后非流畅性失语症患者的语言疗效分析

目的:探讨反应扩充疗法(RET)联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗脑卒中后非流畅性失语的临床疗效。方法:选取脑卒中后非流畅性失语患者90例随机分为2组各45例,对照组予以常规语言训练和低频rTMS治疗;联合组在对照组治疗基础上予以反应扩充疗法训练,疗程均为4周。比较2组治疗前后西方失语症成套测验(WAB)评分、汉语标准失语症检查工具(CRRCAE)中动作说明评分、画面说明评分和日常生活交流能力量表(CADL)评分及波士顿失语诊断测验(BDAE)分级。结果:治疗后,2组自发言语、听理解、复述、命名及AQ评分较治疗前增加(P<0.01),CRRCAE动作说明评分、画面说明评分和CADL评分均较治疗前增加(均P<0.01),BDAE分级显著改善(P<0.01)。治疗后联合组自发言语、听理解、复述、命名及AQ评分均高于对照组(P<0.01);CRRCAE动作说明评分、画面说明评分和CADL评分均高于对照组(P<0.01),BDAE分级优于对照组(P<0.05),结论:rTMS是非流畅性失语有效的康复治疗方法,RET联合rTMS有利于增加WAB评分、RRCAE动作说明、画面说明评分和CADL评分,改善BDAE分级,治疗脑卒中后非流畅性失语效果显著。     

丁苯酞序贯联合美金刚治疗急性脑梗死后运动性失语的疗效

目的:探讨丁苯酞序贯联合美金刚治疗急性脑梗死后运动性失语的疗效。方法:急性脑梗死合并运动性失语患者196例,随机分为美金刚治疗组(对照组)98例和丁苯酞序贯联合美金刚治疗组(序贯组)98例,2组均予对症及美金刚治疗,序贯组还予丁苯酞序贯治疗,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、简易精神量表(MMSE)评分、西部失语成套测验(WAB)评分及波士顿失语诊断检查评估2组治疗前及治疗后30 d、90 d神经功能和失语恢复状况,采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评价日常生活活动能力。结果:治疗后30 d、90 d序贯组的NIHSS评分低于对照组,MMSE评分高于对照组(P0.05)、WAB评分(自发言语、听理解、复述、命名、AQ评分)高于对照组(P0.05)、波士顿分级、MBI评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:丁苯酞序贯联合美金刚治疗急性脑梗死后运动性失语能促进神经功能恢复,减轻失语的严重程度,改善患者日常生活活动能力。     

Schuell刺激联合针刺治疗脑卒中后运动性失语的疗效观察

目的：探讨Schuell刺激疗法配合针刺法对中风后运动性失语患者语言功能的影响。方法：60例中风后运动性失语患者按随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。2组均采用Schuell刺激疗法,观察组加用针刺法。训练前后采用西方失语症成套测验（WAB）评价患者语言功能。结果：治疗36d后,2组自发言语、口语理解、复述、命名等WAB各项评分及AQ评分均较治疗前明显提高（P＜0．01）,且观察组更高于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：Schuell刺激疗法配合针刺法对脑卒中后运动性失语的语言功能有积极作用,且提示对自发言语、复述、命名等言语症状有治疗优势。     

不同频率rTMS对脑卒中后中-重度运动性失语患者语言功能恢复的影响及机制

目的 探讨不同频率重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对恢复期脑卒中后中-重度运动性失语患者语言功能恢复的影响及机制。方法 纳入恢复期脑卒中后中-重度运动性失语患者30例,将其分为对照组、低频组（1 Hz rTMS）和高频组（10 Hz rTMS）各10例,3组均进行常规语言训练;低频、高频组予右侧额下回三角部相应频率rTMS治疗后再进行常规语言训练。采用中文版西方失语症成套检验（WAB）及任务态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）检测治疗前后语言水平差异以及脑区激活、激活体素指数（AVI）变化。结果 治疗后,3组患者的听理解、复述、失语商（AQ）值较治疗前改善（P均< 0.05）,且低频、高频组的自发言语、命名得分也较治疗前改善（P均< 0.05）;与对照组比较,低频组复述、命名、AQ值改善更明显（P均< 0.05）,高频组自发言语、听理解、命名、AQ值改善更明显（P均< 0.05）;与低频组比较,高频组自发言语、听理解改善更明显（P均< 0.05）。治疗后,3组患者AVI结果提示语言偏侧化半球均由治疗前的右侧转为左侧;fMRI结果显示双侧大脑半球均存在激活升高、降低的语言相关感兴趣区（ROI）、非感兴趣区,但以左侧大脑半球参与语言感知、语义理解和表达的ROI激活升高为主;低频组左侧大脑半球AVI增加（P < 0.05）,右侧额下回三角部受抑制后未出现左侧额下回三角部激活升高;高频组治疗后双侧大脑半球AVI均升高（P均< 0.05）,双侧额下回三角部等语言相关ROI激活升高。结论 低频、高频rTMS均有利于改善脑卒中后中-重度运动性失语患者语言功能,高频rTMS的效果优于低频rTMS。低频rTMS通过增加高效语言功能区的激活,优化失语患者语言功能重组模式;高频rTMS增强了右侧大脑半球的代偿作用,同时在促进左侧大脑半球激活重组中发挥了作用。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合言语训练对脑卒中失语的康复效果

目的：探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合言语训练对脑卒中运动性失语的康复效果。方法：采用 随机数字表法将脑卒中运动性失语患者106例随机分为对照组和观察组,各53例。在脑卒中常规药物治 疗的基础上,2组均进行常规言语康复训练,在此基础上观察组实施低频rTMS。于治疗前、后,采用西方失 语成套测验（WAB）量表评估患者语言功能,计算AQ指数;运用功能独立性量表（FIM）的交流亚项评估患 者的语言交流能力;采用简易精神状态评价量表（MMSE）评估患者的认知功能;根据AQ指数的变化判断 疗效。结果：治疗后,2组的WAB各项评分、AQ指数、FIM量表的理解和表达评分、MMSE评分均高于同组 治疗前（均P＜0.05）,且观察组高于对照组组（均P＜0.05）;观察组的治疗有效率为83.02%,高于对照组的 66.04%（P＜0.05）;治疗期间,2组均未出现明显不良反应。结论：低频rTMS联合言语训练能够帮助脑卒中 运动性失语患者快速重建语言功能,改善失语程度,且安全性较好。     

低频和高频重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后非流畅性失语的影响

目的 观察低频和高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)刺激右侧大脑半球Broca区镜像区对脑卒中后非流畅性失语患者语言功能恢复的效果。方法 2019年1月至2022年8月,北京博爱医院住院治疗的脑卒中后非流畅性失语症患者80例,随机分为对照组(n=20)、假刺激组(n=20)、低频组(n=20)和高频组(n=20)。所有患者均接受常规语言训练,在此基础上,后两组分别采用1 Hz和10 Hz rTMS刺激右侧大脑半球Broca区镜像区,假手术组接受假刺激,每天1次,每周5 d,共2周。治疗前、治疗结束时和治疗结束2个月后,分别采用中文版西方失语症成套检验(WAB)进行语言评估。结果 治疗前,4组WAB各项评分比较无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。治疗结束时和治疗结束2个月,4组WAB测试各项评分均改善(P <0.05)。与治疗结束时比较,治疗结束2个月低频组自发言语、听理解、复述、命名和失语商(AQ)均改善(P <0.05),高频组复述、命名和AQ改善(P <0.05)。治疗结束时,低频组自发言语、听理解、AQ评分高于高频组(P <0.05)。治疗结束2个月,低频组自...     

丁苯酞联合尼莫地平治疗腔隙性脑梗死运动性失语疗效观察

目的:探究丁苯酞软胶囊联合尼莫地平治疗腔隙性脑梗死运动性失语患者的疗效。方法:选取2016年5月～2018年5月我院收治的124例腔隙性脑梗死运动性失语患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组62例。对照组给予尼莫地平治疗,观察组给予丁苯酞软胶囊联合尼莫地平治疗。比较两组治疗前后的失语程度、语言功能(包括自发言语、复述、口语理解和命名)、失语指数AQ评分和日常生活交流能力(CADL评分)。结果:治疗后,观察组的重度失语率和中度失语率低于对照组,轻度失语率和正常率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05;观察组的自发言语、复述、口语理解和命名评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05;观察组的AQ评分和CADL评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:采用丁苯酞软胶囊联合尼莫地平治疗腔隙性脑梗死运动性失语,可显著降低患者失语程度,改善其语言功能,增强其日常生活交流能力。     

头电针配合言语训练治疗脑卒中后失语的临床研究

目的:研究头电针配合言语训练对脑卒中后失语症患者语言功能的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将90例患者分为试验组和对照组,试验组采取语言康复训练配合头电针治疗,对照组仅采用言语训练治疗,言语训练采用Schuell刺激法对患者进行一对一的训练,对不同类型的失语症患者训练类型有所侧重。每次30min,每周5次,2周为1个疗程。针灸治疗选取头部穴位,运动性失语取运动区,感觉性失语取感觉区,完全性失语取语言三区,并且配合百会、风府、哑门等穴位。每周治疗5次,2周为1个疗程,共治疗1个疗程。语言功能评分采用《汉语失语成套测验》,就自发说话、语言理解、复述和命名四方面内容对患者治疗前后的评分进行比较。失语程度采用波士顿诊断性失语症检查法(Boston diagnostic aphasia examination,BDAE)分级标准进行评价,总疗效比较采用波士顿诊断性失语症检查法。结果:试验组患者治疗前后自发说话、言语理解、复述及命名的评分及失语程度评分的比较,差异有显著性意义(P分别为0.01、0.03、0.02、0.02、0.02,P均0.05),对照组患者治疗前后自发说话、言语理解、复述及命名的评分及失语程度评分的比较,差异有显著性意义(P分别为0.02、0.03、0.01、0.02、0.03,P均0.05),且治疗后两组患者自发说话、言语理解、复述及命名的评分及失语程度评分比较有显著性差异(P分别为0.03、0.03、0.03、0.02、0.03,P均0.05)。两组总疗效比较差异有显著性意义(P为0.03,P0.05)。结论:头电针配合言语训练能明显改善脑卒中患者自发说话、言语理解、复述及命名的评分及失语程度,疗效优于单纯言语训练。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.