HPLC法测定康复春口服液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rb1

目的建立HPLC同时测定康复春口服液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rb_1的方法。方法采用Diamonsil C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–0.2%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长254 nm(0~30 min,检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素)、210 nm(30~36 min,检测黄芪甲苷)和203 nm(36~50 min,检测人参皂苷Rb_1);体积流量:0.8 mL/min;柱温:30℃;进样量为20μL。结果毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷、人参皂苷Rb_1分别在3.29~82.25μg/mL(r=0.999 1)、4.77~119.25μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、4.16~104.00μg/mL(r=0.999 2)、11.33~283.25μg/mL(r=0.999 7)、7.39~184.75μg/mL(r=0.999 9)、2.05~51.25μg/mL(r=0.999 5)线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为97.98%、98.45%、97.38%、99.72%、98.67%、96.99%,RSD值分别0.91%、1.41%、0.78%、1.09%、1.22%、0.85%。结论方法专属性强,结果准确,重复性好,为更好地评价康复春口服液的质量提供参考。     

不同产地、不同采收期黄芪药材及饮片中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷及芒柄花素含量测定

目的:采用HPLC法测定不同产地、不同采收期黄芪药材及饮片中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷及芒柄花素含量。方法:采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长260 nm。结果:毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素线性范围分别为0.1272～12.72μg(r=0.9999)和0.003344～2.508μg(r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=6)分别为98.9%(RSD=1.7%)和99.0%(RSD=2.3%)。不同产地黄芪药材及饮片中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素含量差异较大,生长年限6年的黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素含量最高。结论:该方法简单快捷,适合于黄芪中黄酮类化合物的含量测定研究,为寻找更佳黄芪产地及黄芪采收期提供了依据。     

HPLC法同时测定参芪颗粒中3种异黄酮成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定参芪颗粒中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Welch Ultimate XB-C_(18),流动相为乙腈-0.2%甲酸溶液(梯度洗脱),检测波长为250 nm,柱温为35℃,流速为1.0 ml/min,进样量为10μl。结果:毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素进样量线性范围分别为0.008~0.32、0.005~0.20、0.007~0.28μg(r为0.999 9、0.999 7、0.999 8);精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD≤1.59%;加样回收率范围分别为98.17%~99.71%、98.03%~99.66%、98.16%~99.12%,RSD分别为0.67%、0.57%、0.43%(n=6)。结论:该方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于参芪颗粒中黄酮类成分的含量测定。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定宝宝乐中四种成分的含量

目的建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定宝宝乐中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素的含量。方法采用Venusil MP C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,检测波长分别为230 nm(芍药内酯苷、芍药苷)和254 nm(毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素),流速0.9mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量为10μL。结果芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和芒柄花素4个成分的质量浓度分别在4.18~83.60μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、5.14~102.80μg/mL(r=0.999 5)、5.60~112.00μg/mL(r=0.999 9)、4.72~94.40μg/mL(r=0.999 3)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率及相应的RSD分别为99.66%(0.96%)、98.17%(1.39%)、97.00%(1.48%)、99.92%(0.58%);精密度良好,RSD≤1.06%;重复性良好,RSD≤1.69%。供试品溶液在室温条件下12 h内稳定,RSD≤1.12%。结论所建立的方法灵敏度高、快速、专属性好、准确度高,为宝宝乐的质量控制提供了依据。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定参芪膏中6个主要成分的含量

目的建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定参芪膏中党参炔苷、丁香苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素的含量。方法采用Zorbax XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm),以乙腈-甲醇(9∶1)(A)-0.1%甲酸溶液(B)为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速0.9 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量为10μL,检测波长:266 nm(党参炔苷、丁香苷)、254 nm(毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素)。结果党参炔苷、丁香苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素6个成分分别在15.49~309.80、2.15~43.00、5.66~113.20、4.89~97.80、3.28~65.60、12.06~241.20μg/mL范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.999 7、0.999 2、0.999 5、0.999 3、0.999 6、0.999 9;平均加样回收率及相应的RSD分别为98.07%(0.61%)、99.09%(1.53%)、99.44%(1.33%)、97.86%(1.28%)、99.95%(1.04%)、97.19%(0.58%)。结论所建立的方法快速,灵敏度高,准确度高,专属性好,为参芪膏的质量控制提供依据。     

一测多评法测定补心气口服液中7种成分的含量

目的建立一测多评法(QAMS)同时测定补心气口服液中人参皂苷Rg_1、人参皂苷Re、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、β-细辛醚和α-细辛醚的含量。方法色谱柱为Agilent Extend-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-1 mL·L~(-1)磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长分别为203 nm(检测人参皂苷Rg_1和人参皂苷Re),257 nm(检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、β-细辛醚和α-细辛醚),柱温为25℃。以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷为内参物,建立其与人参皂苷Rg_1、人参皂苷Re、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、β-细辛醚和α-细辛醚的相对校正因子,并计算各成分含量,计算结果与外标法(ESM)实测值进行比较。结果 7种成分分别在0.81～20.25(r_1=0.999 3),1.59～39.75(r_2=0.999 6),3.73～93.25(r_3=0.999 1),1.86～46.50(r_4=0.999 2),6.47～161.75(r_5=0.999 5),14.78～369.50 (r_6=0.999 4),4.89～122.25μg·mL~(-1)(r_7=0.999 1)范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率(RSD值)分别为97.44%(1.14%),99.80%(0.75%),100.05%(0.68%),96.98%(0.90%),98.87%(1.35%),99.88%(0.73%),97.91%(1.49%);QAMS法计算结果与ESM法实测值无明显差异。结论所建立的QAMS法操作便捷、结果准确,可用于补心气口服液的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定黄芪中4种黄酮类成分的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定11个产地黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素4种黄酮类成分含量的方法,从有效成分含量探讨药材道地性内在因素。方法:色谱柱为Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C1(8250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.2%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),检测波长为280nm。结果:毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素的检测浓度分别在0.0051～0.510、0.0050～0.300、0.0049～0.294、0.0046～0.276mg·mL-1范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r均为0.9999)。内蒙古、山西等4个产地的黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮苷和芒柄花苷的含量较高;河北安国、赤城和甘肃定西产黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素含量较高。结论:本方法简便、快速、准确,试验结果与黄芪本草考证、道地沿革的文献基本相符。     

黄蛭益肾胶囊质量标准的提升

摘要：目的:提升黄蛭益肾胶囊的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对黄蛭益肾胶囊中的枸杞子、牛膝和车前子进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC-DAD法同时测定毛蕊异黄酮葡糖苷、刺芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花黄素的含量,采用HPLC-ELSD法测定黄芪甲苷的含量。结果:枸杞子、牛膝和车前子的薄层斑点清晰,分离良好,阴性无干扰。毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、刺芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷分别在1.03～20.52μg·ml-1,0.89～17.72μg·ml-1,1.51～30.24μg·ml-1,1.03～20.62μg·ml-1,67.62～563.52μg·ml-1（r=0.999 6～1.000 0）浓度范围内线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为93.4%,93.0%,100.7%,91.4%,99.5%,RSD分别1.53%,1.73%,1.46%,1.23%,1.85%（n=6）。结论:建立的TLC法专属性强、灵敏度高,HPLC法简便可行,结果准确、可靠,重复性、稳定性好,可用于黄蛭益肾胶囊的质量控制。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定红芪和黄芪药材中有效成分含量

目的 建立同时测定红芪和黄芪药材中有效成分含量的超高效液相色谱法。方法 色谱柱为Waters BEH C₁₈柱(200 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)，流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱)，流速为0.2 mL/min，检测波长为250 nm，柱温为35℃，进样量为1μL。结果 香草酸、阿魏酸、毛蕊异黄酮苷、异阿魏酸、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮质量浓度分别在6.05～121.00μg/mL、4.37～87.32μg/mL、0.30～6.02μg/mL、1.09～21.81μg/mL、6.10～122.12μg/mL、1.00～20.05μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(R2≥0.999 6)；精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于5.0%；平均加样回收率分别为98.26%,96.72%,98.78%,97.56%,99.18%,99.19%,RSD均小于4.0%(n=6)。武都红芪药材样品和蒙古黄芪药材样品的共有成分毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮含量差异较大，分别为2.73,46.61,8.45μg/g和42.36,13.03,37.45μg/g。...     

高效液相色谱法考察黄芪蜜炙前后4种异黄酮含量的变化

目的 通过HPLC法测定炮制前后黄芪中4种异黄酮含量,为黄芪和炙黄芪提供简便快捷的分析方法.方法 色谱柱为kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水系统,梯度洗脱,检测波长:251 nm,柱温:40℃,流速:1.0 mL·min-1,进样量:10 μL.结果 毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)在6.3～630 mg·L-1、芒柄花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)在4～400mg·L-1、毛蕊异黄酮(Ⅲ)在4.5～450 mg·L-1、芒柄花素(Ⅳ)在5～500 mg·L-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.999 5、0.999 5、0.999 6、0.999 7.4种成分的加样回收率均＞96％,RSD均＜3％.结论 该法简便快速,重复性良好,结果准确可靠,可用于黄芪和炙黄芪药材中4种主要异黄酮类成分的含量测定,为提高黄芪、炙黄芪质量标准提供借鉴.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.