磁共振弥散成像与血管成像在短暂性脑缺血发作中的应用

目的 评价磁共振弥散成像(DWI)与血管成像(TOF-MRA、3DCE-MRA)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的应用价值.方法 对176例临床证实为TIA患者行MRI(FLAIR)、DWI、TOF-MRA及3DCE-MRA检查.结果 176例TIA患者中,48.9%病例DWI显示有超早期小血管梗塞灶,18.2%病例T2WI发现相应病灶.颅动脉检查中,TOF-MRA显示动脉狭窄及闭塞76例(43.2%),其中假阳性与过度评价20例;3DCE-MRA发现颅内动脉狭窄及闭塞69例(39.2%);两者均发现动脉瘤3例及动静脉畸形2例;颈部3DCE-MRA发现动脉狭窄及闭塞38例(21.6%).结论 DWI和MRA检查有助于TIA患者超早期小梗塞灶的发现及动脉病变的评估.     

三维数字减影血管造影技术诊断脑血管疾病的应用价值

目的评价三维数字减影血管造影(3D—DSA)技术诊断脑血管疾病的应用价值。方法对临床怀疑和确诊为脑血管疾病的71例患者行常规脑血管数字减影造影(DSA)和3D—DSA。结果本组共检查71例,经3D—DSA技术共检出动脉瘤44例64枚、颅内动静脉畸形(AVM)19例、血管狭窄致脑缺血8例(6例颈内动脉狭窄、大脑前动脉闭塞)。结论3D—DSA诊断脑血管疾病具有极大的临床应用价值。尤其对颅内动脉瘤、AVM、血管狭窄的诊断最为准确、快速、安全。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在脑血管疾病中的应用

目的:评价64例螺旋CT血管成像对脑血管病的诊断及临床应用价值.方法:64层螺旋CT血管成像检查确诊脑血管疾病患者60例,50例在1周内行DSA检查.采用减影方法进行后处理,分别得到VR,MIP,ISMIP图像,利用这三种方法重建图像综合评价脑血管病变.结果:①脑动脉狭窄或闭塞者46例,其中36例有DSA对照,98.8%的狭窄或闭塞的脑血管与DSA诊断一致,CT血管成像的敏感性,特异性,准确性分别为100%、98.5%、98.8%;②烟雾病3例,均有DSA对照,表现为单侧或双侧大脑中动脉重度狭窄,远端分支异常增多;③脑动脉瘤患者12例,均有DSA对照,后交通动脉瘤7例,前交通动脉瘤3例,大脑中动脉瘤1例,大脑后动脉瘤1例,CT血管成像与DSA显示一致.结论:64层螺旋CT层血管成像能快速,准确地诊断各种脑血管疾病,结合减影处理方法提高了诊断的效率和准确性,为临床提供了全面的信息,可作为脑血管疾病患者的首选诊断方法.     

64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉混合脑动静脉和脑静脉血管成像在颅内自发性出血术前评估的价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉、混合脑动静脉、脑静脉血管成像在自发性颅内出血术前评估价值。方法回顾分析同时行CT血管造影（CTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查的自发性颅内出血患者共215例。 CTA检查全部行64层螺旋CT平扫、增强动脉早期和静脉早期扫描,将动、静脉早期数据减去平扫数据分别重建动脉及混合动静脉,静脉早期数据减去动脉早期数据重建静脉。结果减影脑动脉、脑静脉血管图像去除了颅骨并且动脉、静脉无相互干扰,分别清晰显示动脉或静脉病变,混合脑动静脉则去除颅骨干扰且同时显示脑动静脉病变。215例颅内出血患者中14例CTA和DSA检查颅内均未见畸形血管,2例动脉瘤DSA发现而CTA未显示,3例动脉瘤CTA发现而DSA未显示。 CTA和DSA共同显示畸形血管196例,敏感性为99．9％,特异性为82．4％,其中动脉瘤179例,动静脉畸形9例,静脉瘤3例,烟雾病5例。结论64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉、混合脑动静脉、脑静脉血管成像在颅内出血检查,病变及周围结构显示清楚,对临床术前评估有较大意义,值得推广应用。     

MR增强血管成像在颅内动脉狭窄及闭塞诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MR增强血管成像(3D CE-MRA)在颅内动脉狭窄及闭塞诊断中的价值及准确性.方法 选择103例脑血管疾病患者行3D CE-MRA检查,其中41例并行三维飞越法MR血管造影(3D TOF-MRA)检查,35例行DSA检查.对35例同时行3D CE-MRA、3D TOF-MRA和DSA检查者在显示动脉闭塞及狭窄能力上的优劣进行比较.结果总计发现217处不同程度的动脉狭窄或闭塞病变.3种检查方法在发现动脉狭窄或闭塞的支数及程度间存在显著性差异(χ2=13.418,P＜0.001);3D TOF-MRA与3D CE-MRA或DSA在发现动脉狭窄或闭塞程度及支数间存在差异(χ2=4.389,P＜0.05;χ2=11.22,P＜0.01),3D CE-MRA或DSA间比较没有显著性差异(χ2=3.101,P＞0.05).结论 3D CE-MRA具有快速、有效、无创等特点,在诊断颅内动脉闭塞及狭窄方面有着独特的价值.     

非增强MRA和CTA在颈内动脉狭窄的临床诊断价值

目的:评估非增强MRA(TOF-MRA)联合CT血管成像(CTA)在颈内动脉狭窄诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析54例行颈内动脉起始段TOF-MRA、CTA、数字减影血管造影(DSA)的影像学资料,分析3种检查方法对狭窄部位管腔直径、斑块性质、斑块表面形态的判断,比较TOF-MRA、CTA、DSA、TOF-MRA联合CTA在颈内动脉狭窄诊断中的优缺点。结果:以DSA为金标准,TOF-MRA诊断颈内动脉起始段狭窄的敏感性为82.6%,特异性为88.6%,准确性为92.6%;CTA的敏感性为90.5%,特异性为94.3%,准确性为96.3%;TOF-MRA联合CTA的敏感性为95.2%,特异性为97.1%,准确性为98.1%。CTA对斑块性质、斑块表面形态的判断更具优势。结论:TOF-MRA联合CTA可以提高颈内动脉近端狭窄程度、斑块性质及表面形态的准确性。     

MSCT血管造影在颅内血管性疾病中的诊断价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在颅内血管性疾病中的诊断价值。方法对339例患者行16排螺旋CT血管造影,同时采用容积重建(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)显示血管,其中45例动脉瘤、22例动静脉畸形、4例烟雾病和18例脑动脉狭窄随后进行了DSA检查或手术治疗。结果CTA诊断为动脉瘤的患者83例,动静脉畸形22例,静脉瘤2例,海绵状血管瘤3例,海绵窦动静脉瘘3例,单纯烟雾病3例,烟雾病合并动脉瘤1例,缺血性脑血管病22例,先天性变异等32例,正常病例186例,其中CTA诊断的45例动脉瘤、22例动静脉畸形、4例烟雾病和18例脑动脉狭窄与DSA检测结果及手术结果基本一致。结论MSCTA对头部血管性疾病的诊断,具有微创、快速、安全、准确性高的特点,可作为头部血管性疾病的首选影像学筛查。     

CTA与DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的对比研究

目的通过与DSA对比,评价三维CT血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法对30例因蛛网膜下腔出血高度怀疑动脉瘤破裂的病人行CTA检查,同期行DSA检查及可行的血管内栓塞治疗。比较CTA与DSA检出动脉瘤的敏感性、特异性和准确性以及在显示动脉瘤瘤颈和载瘤动脉关系上的优劣。结果CTA检出动脉瘤26个,对动脉瘤的敏感性为95.5%,特异性为87.5%,准确性为93.3%,与DSA比较无显著差异。CTA对动脉瘤细节及瘤颈的显示明显优于DSA。结论CTA能无创有效的诊断颅内动脉瘤,所提供的诊断信息对治疗方案的制订具有极大的帮助,CTA还特别适用于急症病人的动脉瘤筛查。     

颅内血管狭窄和闭塞:三维傅立叶转换时飞法磁共振血管成像诊断的准确性

为确定三维傅立叶转换时飞法磁共振血管成像(MRA)对颅内血管狭窄——闭塞性疾病的诊断准确性,并分析最大强度投影算法获得的多方位投影图像对动脉狭窄程度过低或过高评价的原因,作者回顾性研究了131例可能有颅内血管疾病者,行MRA和常规血管造影的检查。血管造影诊断颅内血管正常32例,动脉瘤61例,狭窄闭塞27例,硬膜动静脉瘘10例和动静脉畸形3例。2例同时有双侧动脉瘤和动脉狭窄。131例中,男性62例,女性69     

脑血管病变三维PC法MRA与动脉DSA的对照研究

目的 :通过与动脉 DSA结果的对照 ,研究三维 PC法 MRA对于检测各类脑血管病变的可信性。方法 :对临床或 MRI表现疑为或需排除脑血管病变的 5 9例兼作 MRA和 DSA检查 ,评价三维 PC法 MRA检测颅内各种血管病变的灵敏度、特异度、假阳性和假阴性率。结果 :MRA检出大于 5 mm的动脉瘤的灵敏度和特异度均达 10 0 %。但小于 5 mm者难以检出 ,使检出总灵敏度下降为 81.8%。 MRA检出 AVM的灵敏度为 92 .3%、特异度为 10 0 % ,畸形血管团及其主要供血动脉和引流静脉均可被 MRA显示。MRA检出颈内动脉 -海绵窦瘘的灵敏度和特异度均为 10 0 % ,表现十分典型。 MRA检出脑血管主干闭塞的灵敏度为 10 0 % ,特异度为 86 .70 % ,高度狭窄者可能过诊为闭塞。 MRA对于颅内占位病变引起的血管移位能全部显示 ,对于细小的肿瘤血管和肿瘤血供无法显示。结论 :MRA在脑血管病变的诊断上显示出很大的应用价值 ,对动静脉畸形、动静脉瘘、血管闭塞和血管移位的检测已有较高的灵敏度和特异度 ,对于较大动脉瘤的显示较好 ,对于小动脉瘤的检出率仍低 ,MRA对于肿瘤血管的检测基本无效。     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

烧伤合并多器官功能衰竭117例临床分析

目的　探讨烧伤合并多器官功能衰竭 (MOF)的临床特点。方法　对 1993年 1月— 2 0 0 2年 12月治疗的 117例烧伤合并MOF作出分析。结果　吸入性损伤、休克、全身性感染是烧伤后导致MOF的常见诱因 ,烧伤合并MOF后果严重、死亡率极高。结论　抓住休克、感染的预防 ,是减少MOF发生率、降低烧伤死亡率的关键。     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…