经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂

目的探讨经导管介入封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂的临床疗效。方法7例主动脉窦瘤破裂患者,5例为主动脉无冠状动脉窦（无冠窦）破裂至右心房,2例为主动脉右冠状动脉窦（右冠窦）破裂至右心室。对5例患者经同侧的右股动、静脉建立轨道,应用PDA单盘蘑菇伞封堵器进行封堵;对2例患者经同侧右桡动脉及右股静脉建立轨道,置入“细腰大边”的室间隔封堵器。结果7例患者均封堵成功,技术成功率100％;仅2例患者出现微量残余分流,术后2天心脏超声证实完全封闭,无相关并发症。术后1、3、6个月超声心动图显示舒张末期左心室内径均较术前明显改善,封堵器形态、位置良好,无残余分流及主动脉瓣反流。结论介入封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂微创、有效,近期疗效尚满意,中远期的疗效有待进一步随访观察。对于合并心力衰竭或心功能控制不满意的患者,经桡动脉建立轨道是有益的尝试。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗及远期疗效

目的 总结主动脉窦瘤破裂的临床特点及外科疗效,讨论对合并感染性心内膜炎及主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的处理.方法 回顾性分析1997年9月至2007年9月43例主动脉窦瘤破裂患者的临床资料.其中男性32例,女性11例;年龄11～50岁,平均年龄(29.0±11.5)岁.破口源于右冠状动脉窦34例,无冠状动脉窦9例.破入有心室30例,右心房8例,右心室及右心房3例,破人室间隔2例.合并室间隔缺损26例,主动脉瓣关闭不全15例,感染性心内膜炎8例,三尖瓣反流6例,房间隔缺损4例,二尖瓣反流2例,动脉导管未闭2例,肺动脉赘牛物1例.全部患者于心肺转流下行窦瘤修补及合并畸形矫治术.结果 无围手术期死亡.并发症5例,包括急性左心功能衰竭3例,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例.随访6～120个月,平均(68.0±17.7)个月;2例分别于术后第6、8年行主动脉瓣置换术,2例进展为Ⅱ级主动脉瓣父闭小全.结论 主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗可获得满意效果.对合并主动脉瓣关闭小全及感染性心内膜炎的患者应早期手术,积极防治术后并发症并长期随访.     

经导管治疗室间隔缺损

目的 评价经导管治疗室间隔缺损(VSD)的疗效及其安全性. 方法 17例VSD患者经胸超声心动图显示,膜部VSD 16例,肌部VSD 1例;合并室间隔瘤1例;2例VSD上缘距离主动脉瓣1mm,其余均在1mm以上;VSD直径2.3～10 mm(5.05±2.03 mm).所有患者均无严重的肺动脉高压或右向左分流.膜部VSD封堵使用Amplatzer膜部室间隔封堵器和国产室间隔封堵器,肌部VSD使用Amplatzer动脉导管封堵器. 结果 17例VSD造影测量值为2.3～10.5mm(5.75±2.10 mm),选择的封堵器直径为4～12 mm(7.12±1.67 mm).17例患者均成功行VSD封堵术,封堵后10分钟造影无残余分流.1例术后即刻出现I度房室传导阻滞伴右束支传导阻滞,无症状;2例术后3～4天出现右束支传导阻滞,全部患者均随访1～12个月,无其它并发症和残余分流发生. 结论经导管治疗VSD是安全有效的治疗方法之一.     

介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂的疗效及安全性

目的比较介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂(RSVA)的疗效及安全性。方法选取RSVA患者22例,介入封堵治疗10例(介入组),外科手术治疗12例(手术组)。术后随访6—24个月,比较两组临床症状、是否存在残余分流、有无瓣膜反流、封堵器有无移位、肺动脉压变化及心功能状态。结果介入组均完全封堵;与术中比较,术后肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉平均压均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);术后即刻造影示少量残余分流1例。手术组完全封堵率为91.67%(11/12);术后出现较大的残余分流和严重低心排量综合征各1例。两组随访期内均未发生右心衰竭、栓塞、感染性心内膜炎、主动脉瓣反流、溶血和死亡等。结论介入封堵治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂与外科修补疗效相当,且具有较好的安全性。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂52例手术治疗

我们对 52例主动脉窦瘤病人的手术方法及手术效果作了回顾性分析 ,现报道如下。资料和方法　 1 994年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,我们收治主动脉窦瘤破裂病人 52例 ,其中男 31例 ,女 2 1例 ;年龄 7～ 66岁 ,平均 2 9岁。主动脉右冠状动脉窦瘤 46例 ,无冠状动脉窦瘤 5例 ,左冠状动脉窦瘤 1例。窦瘤破入右室 46例 ,破入右房 5例 ,破入左室 1例。主动脉窦瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 31例 ,合并室间隔缺损 2 3例 ,房间隔缺损 2例 ,三尖瓣关闭不全 2例 ,二尖瓣关闭不全 1例 ,ＩＩＩ度房室传导阻滞 1例 (有多种畸形同时并存 )。发生感染性心内膜炎 7例。…     

佛氏窦瘤破裂的诊断及治疗

1980年初至1997年末收治先天性心脏病946例,其中佛氏窦瘤破裂9例,发生为0.9％,其中合并VSD有3例,合并主动脉瓣关闭不全1例。VSD均为嵴内型,右冠窦瘤破入右室者有4例,破入右房1例;无冠窦瘤破入右房为4例。术后早期死亡1例,死于低心排综合症;余皆恢复良好。随访2 (10)/(12)年至12年,心功能NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。作者认为佛氏窦瘤破裂为少见的先天性心脏病,临床以充血性心功能衰竭表现为主,易误诊而耽误有效治疗。本组早期1例病人因误诊未及时手术而死亡。确诊有赖于彩色多普勒二维超声或升主动脉造影。本病一经确诊即需手术治疗。手术中应注意①心肌保护②主动脉瓣形态结构的完整性.避免主动脉瓣关闭不全。     

未破裂主动脉窦瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨未破裂主动脉窦瘤的诊疗特点及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2012年1月在阜外心血管病医院行未破裂主动脉窦瘤修补术治疗患者33例的临床资料,其中男27例、女6例,年龄4.5~58.0(28.5±13.5)岁。右冠窦瘤29例(87.8%),无冠窦瘤和左冠窦瘤各2例(各6.1%)。合并室间隔缺损29例;合并少量或少量以上主动脉瓣反流20例。结果未破裂主动脉窦瘤术前超声确诊率仅为52.8%。全组患者无手术死亡。术后早期1例同期行主动脉瓣置换术患者因合并感染发生瓣周漏,于术后14 d再次手术。随访30例(90.9%),平均随访时间22~81(42.9±18.8)个月。术后随访显示患者心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,无窦瘤修补处残余分流或主动脉窦瘤再发。右冠窦瘤患者中,术中在主动脉窦内进行窦瘤修补操作或实施主动脉瓣修复操作者随访期间主动脉瓣反流的改善情况不如仅在右心室单侧进行窦瘤修补者。结论对合并其他心内疾患的未破裂主动脉窦瘤患者采取积极的外科处理策略可以取得良好的治疗效果。     

心脏不停跳心内直视手术成功地治疗高危病人（附4例报告）

我院应用心脏不停跳心内直视手术成功地治疗4例高危病人，1例重症二尖瓣置换（MVR），1例动脉导管未闭（PDA）并肺动脉高压（肺动脉压为10kPa) 1例70岁的左房粘液瘤并冠心病，1例主动脉窦瘤破裂入右房并三尖瓣关闭不全，多脏器功能衰竭，手术经过顺利，全部痊愈出院。     

主动脉窦瘤的外科治疗

本文报告32例主动脉窦瘤的手术治疗，窦瘤发生及破入心腔部位不同，手术方法不尽相同，1例左冠窦窦瘤破入左房属罕风类型。本文着重探讨窦瘤破裂并发感染性心内膜炎（IE）的手术方法，作者认为瓣叶损害轻或右心IE行瓣膜修复术优于人互瓣膜置换术，1例并发IE，施行AVR后又发生人互心瓣膜IE患者猝死。     

主动脉窦瘤破入室间隔2例

病例1　男,36岁。胸闷、气促10d。查体:心率80次/min ,律不齐。胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及3/VI级收缩期杂音。心功能NYHAIII级。心电图示完全性左束支传导阻滞,II度房室传导阻滞。超声心动图显示主动脉右冠窦瘤破入室间隔,形成囊袋(室间隔瘤) ,约5 8cm×4 0cm×4 9cm ,突出于左室流出道,致相对性左室流出道狭窄。2 0 0 2年12月手术在全麻体外循环下进行,行主动脉及右室切口,术中见窦瘤自右冠窦破入室间隔,将其一分为二,并于二尖瓣水平处破入左心室(与右心室不通) ,囊袋与右心室之间的室间隔厚度正常。将突向左室侧的瘤壁连同破口一并切…     

A case report of surgical repair of ruptured aneurysm of sinus valsalva in aged (84 years old)]

An 84-year-old man with ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva sinus was operated. Diagnosis was made by two dimensional echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and cardiac angiography. A aneurysm was found at the right-coronary sinus region, and ruptured into the right ventricle. The ruptured aneurysm of sinus Valsalva was repaired with direct closure and Woven patch from inside the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve. This case was defined as congenital because there was no sign of inflammatory or atherosclerotic changes in the aorta, aortic valve and aneurysm. The ruptured aneurysm of sinus Valsalva is very rare in aged patients. As far as we know, this patient is one of the oldest cases who underwent successful surgical repair in this country.     

Ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm: a Beijing experience

BACKGROUND: Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) is relatively common in oriental patients. We retrospectively analyzed 67 patients receiving repair of RSVA in a Beijing hospital over 5 years. METHODS: Between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 2001, at Fu Wai Hospital, 67 patients with RSVA underwent surgical repair, 0.78% of all congenital open-heart operations. Forty-four were male and 23 female. Age ranged from 2 to 57 years old (mean 32 +/- 10 years). The RSVA originated in the right (n = 52) or noncoronary (n = 15) sinus. Rupture into the right ventricle was most common (n = 39) with 26 going to the right atrium and two to the left ventricle. Associated cardiovascular lesions were ventricular septal defect (n = 32) and aortic valve incompetence (n = 12). Repair was achieved through an incision in the cardiac chamber of the fistula exit in 61 patients. Aortotomy was used in three patients and both routes were used in three patients. The sinus of Valsalva was repaired with either a patch (n = 63) or direct sutures (n = 4). The aortic valve was replaced in 12 patients. RESULTS: All but 1 patient (n = 66) survived the 30-day operative interval. One patient died of an anticoagulation complication 2 months after the operation. Late complications included residual shunt (n = 2), peri-prosthetic leakage (n = 1), and aortic incompetence (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: In this relatively high-risk population, repair of RSVA can be achieved with satisfactory early results.     

Ruptured congenital aneurysm of the sinus of valsalva in the aged

Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac lesion. A ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva in the right ventricle of a 64-year-old man was successfully repaired. The patient was admitted to the hospital with high fever and chest oppression. Diagnosis was made by two dimensional echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and cardiac angiography. An aortotomy, main pulmonary arteriotomy, and right ventriculotomy were performed. There was no VSD, and the aneurysm originated from the right coronary sinus, rupturing into the right ventricle inlet portion. The ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva was closed with a Dacron patch from inside the aorta. He is doing well after surgery. There was no heart murmur. CTR decreased and pulmonary blood flow fell to a normal value. As far as we know, this patient is the second oldest patient in Japan with surgical repair.     

Surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysm of aortic sinuses and ventricular septal defect. Report of 7 patients

From Dec. 1985 to Oct. 1988, 7 patients with ruptured aneurysm of the aortic sinus and VSD were treated surgically. The aneurysm of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva was ruptured into the right ventricle in 6 patients and that of the non-coronary sinus into the right atrium in another one. All patients survived and murmurs disappeared. Chest X-ray examination 6-18 months after operation showed a normal cardiac-thoracic ratio. The patients resumed their daily activities.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂12例外科治疗

本文报道12侧主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗体会。表组合并室间隔缺损5例,主动脉关闭不全5例,细菌性心内膜炎2例。11例为右冠窦瘤破入右室或右房,1例为左和无冠窦瘤破入左室流出道。全组病例行直接或补片修补窦瘤,并补片修补室间隔缺损,对主动脉瓣关闭不全采取成形2例,2例主动脉瓣置换术。手术死亡1例。文中对其诊断、手术时机、心肌保护、手术方法进行了讨论。     

Surgical treatment of aortic root aneurysm associating with infectious endocarditis

From 1979 to 1989, aortic root aneurysms were encountered in 6 of the 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for infectious endocarditis. Four patients underwent aortic valve replacement and direct or patch closure of the orifice of aortic root aneurysm. In additional 2 patients with infected aneurysm of right coronary sinus of Valsalva rupturing into the right ventricle, the aneurysm and infected tissue in the right ventricular outflow tract were completely resected and the defect of aortic sinus and VSD were closed with double Teflon fabric patches. All patients survived postoperatively, however, one patients died 1.5 months after the operation probably due to rupture of mycotic aneurysm of cerebral artery. Another late death seemed to be concerned with recurrent aortic root aneurysm, in which case direct closure of aneurysm had been performed. We believe that even if the aneurysm seems to be small, its orifice should be closed with the use of a fabric patch to prevent recurrent aneurysm formation.     

Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva

Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac abnormality with congenital origin in most of the cases. If it is located in the right coronary sinus, it usually ruptures into a right heart chamber and frequently a ventricular septal defect (VSD) coexists with this condition. Early diagnosis and immediate surgical treatment can save the patient's life in most cases. All the 3 cases reported in this series had aneurysm of right sinus of Valsalva with associated VSD and mild degree of aortic regurgitation (AR). Two of the cases ruptured aneurysm into the right ventricle. Trans-esophageal echocardiography was used to confirm the diagnosis and all three showed good results with surgery.     

A new and simple classification for the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm

Objective: We introduce a simple classification of the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, and suggest a different approach for the corresponding type of non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. Methods: Between October 1996 and December 2009, 45 patients with non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm underwent surgical repair. Twenty-three were male and 22 female. The mean age was 32.80 ± 11.77 years (range, 13–67 years). We divided them into two types, type I: rupture or protrusion into right atrium; and type II: rupture or protrusion into right atrium or right ventricle near or at the tricuspid annulus. For type I (n = 32), the right atrium approach was chosen, using direct suture with patch repair. For type II (n = 13), the transaortic approach with right atrium incision was chosen, with patch repair through an aortic incision and direct suture through a right atrium incision. Surgical results between types I and II were compared as regards cardiopulmonary bypass time, clamp aorta time, mechanical ventilation time, and intensive care unit time, and postoperative stay time. Results: There was no early death after operation. There were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit time, and postoperative stay time between two types (p > 0.05). There was significant difference in clamp aorta time, with type II being longer than type I (p < 0.05). Forty-three patients (93.33%) were followed up; one case of coronary artery disease using medication occurred, and there was no late death. Conclusions: Approach through the right atrium or right atrium with aortotomy showed the same early surgical results. Our classification of non-coronary SVA is simple and practical for clinical usage.     

Long-term results of aortic valve regurgitation after repair of ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm

BACKGROUND: We reviewed our 35-year-experience to investigate the determinants of long-term results of aortic valve regurgitation (AR) after surgical repair of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (RSVA). METHODS: Between 1963 and 1998, a total of 35 patients aged 7 to 64 years underwent surgery for RSVA. The aneurysms ruptured into the right ventricle (n = 24), right atrium (n = 10), and left atrium (n = 1). In all, 19 patients had VSD and 9 patients had AR. A combined approach through aortotomy and the involved chamber was used for 24 patients. Either direct (n = 19) or patch (n = 16) closure was used to close the rupture hole. The AR was graded on a scale of 0 to IV by angiographic or echographic evaluation. RESULTS: There were no early deaths. Late death occurred in 1 patient, whose AR deteriorated to grade III 20 years later. Two patients (5.7%) required reoperations on the aortic valve, because grade III AR was noted 8 and 26 years after operation, respectively. Freedom from postoperative grade III AR or higher was 93% at 10 years and was 87% at 20 years. Late AR was associated with preoperative and early postoperative AR (p < 0.05) but not with the presence of VSD, location of the fistula, surgical approach, or type of repair (direct vs patch). Multivariate analysis indicated that early postoperative AR was the only independent variable. CONCLUSIONS: Late AR necessitating reoperation still confers significant risk in the long-term follow-up after repair of RSVA. No particular risk factor of preoperative conditions and surgical methods was elucidated in this study, and postoperative AR at discharge from the hospital was the only factor determining the long-term results of AR.