肝癌全身麻醉射频消融术后应用舒更葡糖钠逆转神经肌肉阻滞的回顾性研究

目的：探讨CT引导肝癌全身麻醉(全麻)射频消融术后、应用舒更葡糖钠逆转神经肌肉阻滞的作用。方法：回顾性分析2019年11月至2022年2月我院220例全麻肝癌射频消融术病人资料。根据不同逆转神经肌肉阻滞类型，即肌松拮抗剂分为：舒更葡糖钠组(S组)108例和新斯的明组(N组)112例。两组病人均采取全凭静脉麻醉，麻醉诱导和维持方式相同。S组术毕静脉给予舒更葡糖钠(2 mg/kg)拮抗肌松，N组静脉给予新斯的明(2 mg)+阿托品(0.5～1 mg)拮抗肌松。比较两组病人自主呼吸完全恢复时间、气管拔管时间、麻醉恢复室(postanesthesia care unit,PACU)停留时间和术后住院时间；以及拔管后10 min CT检查肺不张发生率，术后24 h肝功能，术后肺部并发症发生情况。结果：与N组比较，S组自主呼吸完全恢复时间、气管拔管时间与PACU停留时间明显缩短(P<0.05)，拔管后10 min肺不张发生率[35例(32.4%)比59例(52.7%)]及术后肺部并发症发生率[4例(3.7%)比11例(9.8%)]明显降低(P<0.05)。两组术后24 h肝功能指标均较...     

老年患者全麻术后罗库溴铵的残余作用

目的观察老年患者全麻术后罗库溴铵的残余效应(PORC)。方法择期全麻手术患者40例,根据年龄分为中青年组和老年组,每组20例。采用静脉复合全麻,罗库溴铵用量为0.9mg/kg。术中用四个成串刺激(TOF)监测肌松,直至拔管后TOF值(TOFr)≥90%。记录各组TOFr从0恢复到25%(临床时效)、从25%恢复到90%的时间,以及拔管时TOFr<90%(PORC)患者TOFr恢复到90%的时间。监测拔管后及TOFr达90%时的动脉血气。结果老年组罗库溴铵作用时效[(60.70±14.27)minvs.(45.51±7.80)min]及TOFr从25%恢复至90%时间[(46.50±11.56)minvs(34.50±9.56)min]均长于中青年组(P<0.05);老年组PORC发生率高于中青年组(15/20vs12/20),PORC持续时间长于中青年组[(26.00±8.43)minvs(17.20±8.00)min](P<0.05);老年组拔管后CO2蓄积例数多于中青年组(13例vs.6例)(P<0.05)。结论老年患者罗库溴铵的PORC发生率高于中青年患者,应加强围手术期肌松监测,掌握恰当的拔管时机。     

舒更葡糖钠对老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后早期肺功能的影响

目的 探讨舒更葡糖钠对老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后早期肺功能的影响。
方法 选择择期行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的老年患者60例,男32例,女28例,年龄65～80岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组：舒更葡糖钠组（S组）和新斯的明+阿托品组（NA组）,每组30例。术毕进入PACU后,当四个成串刺激（TOF）计数为2时,S组给予舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg,NA组给予等容积的新斯的明0.02 mg/kg+阿托品0.01 mg/kg,当TOF比值（TOFr）≥0.9时拔除气管导管。记录手术时间、麻醉时间、术中肌松药用量、末次肌松至手术结束时间、手术结束至拔管时间、拮抗后TOFr≥0.9的时间、PACU停留时间、术后住院时间。记录术前、拔管后30 min及拔管后24 h用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气量（FEV₁）及第一秒用力呼气量占所有呼气量的比例（FEV₁/FVC）。记录低氧血症、上呼吸道阻塞、术后肺炎、肺不张、胸腔积液、气胸等肺部并发症发生情况以及术后不良反应发生情况。
结果 两组手术时间、麻醉时间、术中肌松药用量、末次肌松至手术结束时间及术后住院时间差异无统计学意义。S组手术结束至拔管时间、TOFr≥0.9的时间及PACU停留时间明显短于NA组（P＜0.05）。两组术前及拔管后30 min、24 h FVC、FEV₁及FEV₁/FVC差异无统计学意义。两组术后肺部并发症及不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。
结论 舒更葡糖钠可快速拮抗术后肌松残留,但并未改善老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后早期肺功能及降低术后肺部并发症发生率。     

乳腺癌术前化疗对罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响

目的 研究乳腺癌术前化疗对罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响.方法 全麻下肌松监测乳腺癌手术患者43例,分为术前化疗组(A组,25例)和未进行化疗组(B组,18例).两组术前均未用对肌松有影响的药物.用加速度仪监测拇内收肌收缩反应,观察罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg静注后肌松时效的差异.结果 A、B两组起效时间分别为(93±18)S和(96±19)s,差异无统计学意义;A组临床时效长于B组[(49±16)min vs.(37±13)min],A组恢复指数也长于B组[(14.2±3.0)min vs.(10.9±2.5)min](P<0.05).结论 乳腺癌术前化疗对罗库溴铵的临床作用时效和恢复延长.     

儿童右美托咪定术前滴鼻用药对舒更葡糖钠拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的影响

目的探讨儿童右美托咪定术前滴鼻对舒更葡糖钠拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的影响。方法选取2020年4月至2020年11月择期行下腹部手术的患儿64例, 美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级, 年龄1～12岁。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为实验组和对照组(每组32例), 分别在麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪定1.0 μg/kg或等容量生理盐水滴鼻。术中应用肌松监测仪四个成串刺激(TOF)模式监测肌松。术毕当肌松监测TOF T2再现时, 两组患儿均静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg。记录患儿TOF比值(TOFR)恢复到0.9的时间;记录患儿一般情况、手术时间、术毕体温、拔管时间及麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)滞留时间;记录肌松拮抗前即刻、拮抗后2 min、拮抗后5 min的脑电双频指数(BIS)、心率、收缩压、舒张压以及苏醒期皮疹、恶心、呕吐、躁动的发生情况。结果两组患儿一般情况、TOFR恢复至0.9的时间、手术时间、术毕体温差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05), 实验组患儿拔管时间和PACU滞留时间较对照组明显较长(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较, 实验组患儿肌松拮抗前即刻、拮抗后2 min BIS较低(均P&...     

新型肌肉松弛药拮抗剂舒更葡糖钠在麻醉苏醒期应用的近况

舒更葡糖钠是拮抗非去极化肌肉松弛药(肌松药)的新型药物,它能够快速、安全、可控地拮抗罗库溴铵等甾体类肌松药的神经肌肉阻滞,与传统肌松拮抗剂抗胆碱酯酶药相比,具有拮抗深度神经肌肉阻滞且不影响胆碱能系统活性的优越性,在麻醉苏醒期的临床应用具有广泛前景。文章通过对新型肌松拮抗药舒更葡糖钠的作用机制、使用效能、在特殊患者中的应用、神经肌肉阻滞残余、再箭毒化情况和不良反应等几方面进行综述,从而帮助麻醉医师在临床中更加合理地使用舒更葡糖钠,提高患者麻醉后苏醒期的质量。     

舒更葡糖钠用于婴幼儿日间手术拮抗罗库溴铵肌松残余的药代动力学

目的探讨舒更葡糖钠用于婴幼儿日间手术拮抗罗库溴铵残余肌松的药代动力学。方法腹腔镜下行日间手术的腹股沟斜疝和/或鞘膜积液患儿104例, 年龄3～36个月, 性别不限, ASA分级Ⅱ级, BMI 18.5～28.0 kg/m2。使用TOF Guard监测仪以四个成串刺激法(TOF)透皮刺激腕部尺神经监测术中神经肌肉阻滞情况。静脉注射罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg、丙泊酚3 mg/kg和舒芬太尼0.5 μg/kg诱导麻醉;静脉输注丙泊酚6～8 mg·kg-1·h-1维持麻醉。根据患儿术后神经肌肉阻滞程度分为2组:Ⅰ组, 当TOF恢复到T2重现时, 静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg;Ⅱ组, 当强直刺激后计数为1或2时, 静脉注射舒更葡糖钠4 mg/kg。分别于给予罗库溴铵后2、10 min、手术结束即刻、给予舒更葡糖钠后2 、10 min和符合离开复苏室标准时采集静脉血标本, 采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测血浆罗库溴铵和舒更葡糖钠浓度, 采用Pheonix WinNonlin软件计算药代动力学参数。记录罗库溴铵起效时间和TOF比值恢复至90%的时间。结果舒更葡糖钠药代动力学符合混合效应非线性房...     

舒更葡糖钠不良反应的研究进展

舒更葡糖钠是一种人工合成的γ-环糊精类衍生物,可以快速拮抗非去极化肌松药所引起的神经肌肉阻滞。近年来关于舒更葡糖钠不良反应的报道越来越多,文章主要介绍舒更葡糖钠不良反应方面的研究新进展,包括最常见且最严重的不良反应,如术后肌松残余、过敏反应、凝血功能障碍、心血管作用、支气管痉挛和喉痉挛等,其他不良反应如术后恶心呕吐、肾...     

残余肌松对全麻患者术后拔管早期呼吸功能的影响

目的 观察术后残余肌松发生率及其对全麻患者术后拔管早期呼吸功能的影响.方法 选择择期全麻手术患者124例,术前测定肺功能,术毕保留气管内导管转入麻醉后恢复室(PACU).根据临床征象判断拔管,测定拔管后患者拇内收肌TOFr及拔管后10、40 min的肺功能.根据TOFr,将患者分为无残余肌松组(NR组,TOF≥0.9)和残余肌松组(R组,TOF<0.9),对两组患者肺功能指标进行比较.结果 124例患者中,NR组78例,R组46例,术后残余肌松发生率为37.1%.NR组和R组患者术前肺功能差异无统计学意义.拔管后10 min,NR组的用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)分别可恢复至术前的(65.6±17.7)%、(63.3±18.4)%和(62.2±17.4)%,R组可恢复至术前的(56.1±17.6)%、(52.2±16.4)%和(53.3±15.9)%,NR组恢复程度显著优于R组(P<0.05).拔管后40 min,NR组患者的FVC、FEV1、MVV可恢复至术前的(73.3±16.0)%、(72.3±18.9)%和(72.2±17.2)%,R组可恢复至术前的(66.1±17.9)%、(61.3±17.1)%和(61.8±17.4)%,NR组恢复程度显著优于R组(P<0.05).结论 依据临床征象判断拔管的患者,拔管后残余肌松发生率较高,且拔管后早期呼吸功能明显受损.     

氢化泼尼松对全麻女性患者罗库溴铵神经肌肉阻滞效应的影响

目的探讨氢化泼尼松对全麻女性患者罗库溴铵起效时间和恢复时间的影响。方法择期全麻女性患者40例,拟行甲状腺或乳腺手术,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,BMI18.5～25kg/m2,随机均分为两组:氢化泼尼松组(H组)和对照组(C组)。H组麻醉诱导前50min给予氢化泼尼松30mg,两组麻醉诱导相似。使用TOF-watch肌松监测仪四个成串刺激模式监测刺激尺神经时TOFr(T4/T1)变化,记录起效时间、TOFr25%及75%的恢复时间(TOF25、TOF75)和TOF25%～75%恢复时间。结果 H组起效时间为(129.30±28.57)s,明显长于C组的(83.55±17.90)s(P<0.05);H组TOF25为(40.95±2.89)min,明显短于C组的(49.55±5.81)min(P<0.05);H组TOF75为(50.65±4.63)min,明显短于C组的(62.50±5.19)min(P<0.05);H组TOF25%～75%恢复时间(9.70±2.83)min,明显短于C组的(12.95±4.65)min(P<0.05)。结论氢化泼尼松能使全麻女性患者罗库溴铵的起效时间延长,而恢复时间缩短。     

Sugammadex, efficacious in reversing a neuromuscular block in a woman with Becker muscular dystrophy

Becker muscular dystrophy affects mainly the musculoskeletal system, causing muscle wasting and progressive weakness. A 61-year-old woman with breast cancer, who had been diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy 45 years earlier, was scheduled for right mastectomy. We induced general anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and a nondepolarizing muscle blocker (rocuronium). Neuromuscular function was monitored continuously by acceleromyographic train-of-four ratio (TOFr) (Watch-SX monitor). The block was reversed with sugammadex. After preoxygenation with fentanyl and propofol, the device was calibrated and the baseline TOFr was recorded. We injected 1 mg/kg of rocuronium and assessed TOF responses every 15 seconds. The maximum decrease in TOF response (to 0 twitches) was at 52 seconds. Tracheal intubation was uneventful. Anesthesia was maintained by intravenous infusion. The operation lasted 74 minutes. The second TOF twitch (T2) reappeared 86 minutes after the initial dose. After we injected 2 mg/kg of sugammadex, a TOFr of 0.7 was reached at 79 seconds; a TOFr of 0.9 was reached at 108 seconds and a TOFr of 1.0 at 152 seconds. No electrocardiographic or hemodynamic abnormalities occurred during sugammadex administration and there were no signs of residual neuromuscular blockade on awakening or adverse events in the following 24 hours.     

Bloqueo neuromuscular perioperatorio. Actualización 2020 de las Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología,Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR)

We present an update of the 2020 Recommendations on neuromuscular blockade of the SEDAR. The previous ones dated 2009. A modified Delphi consensus analyisis (experts, working group, and previous extensive bibliographic revision) 10 recommendations were produced: (1) neuromuscular blocking agents were recommended for endotracheal intubation and to avoid faringo-laryngeal and tracheal lesions, including critical care patients. (2) We recommend not to use neuromuscular blocking agents for routine insertion of supraglotic airway devices, and to use it only in cases of airway obstruction or endotracheal intubation through the device. (3) SWe recommend to use a rapid action neuromuscular blocking agent with an hypnotic in rapid sequence induction of anesthesia. (4) We recommed profound neuromuscular block in laparoscopic surgery. (5) We recommend quantitative monitoring Sof neuromuscular blockade during the whole surgical procedure, provided neuromuscular blocking agents have been used. (6) We recommend quantitative monitoring through ulnar nerve stimulation and response evaluation of the adductor pollicis brevis, acceleromyography being the clinical standard. (7) We recommned a recovery of neuromuscular block of at least TOFr ≥ 0.9 to avoid postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade. (8) We recommend drug reversal of neuromuscular block at the end of general anesthetic, before extubation, provided a TOFr ≥ 0.9 has not been reached. (9) We recommend to choose anticholinesterases for neuromuscular block reversal only if TOF ≥ 2 and a TOFr ≥ 0.9 has not been atained. (10) We recommend to choose sugammadex instead of anticholinesterases for reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced with rocuronium.     

Successful use of sugammadex in a muscular dystrophy patient

Muscular dystrophy requires cautious administration of muscle relaxants due to variable sensitivity and prolonged effects. A 43-year-old man with muscular dystrophy was scheduled for open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia. Following patient's TOF ratio with the muscle relaxation monitor, 80 minutes after rocuronium bromide (Rb) administration, we found that TOF ratio was over 0.9. We used sugammadex 4 mg x kg(-1) to reverse Rb-induced neuromuscular block, and then extubated. There was no clinical adverse effect on his muscular function and no respiratory distress after the use of sugammadex in the postoperative phase. Reversal of Rb-induced neuromuscular block by sugammadex in a patient with muscular dystrophy is efficient and safe.     

Influence of neostigmine on the course of neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium or cisatracurium: a randomized, double-blind trial

OBJECTIVES: To compare the time-course of neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium or cisatracurium during intravenous anesthesia, in terms of both the time to spontaneous recovery or time to reversal after administration of neostigmine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients classified as ASA 1-2 were randomized to receive blinded administration of a single injection of twice the 95% effective dose of rocuronium or cisatracurium for general anesthesia, and then neostigmine plus atropine at recovery of the first train-of-4 (TOF) twitch at 5% or 25%, or normal saline solution as placebo at recovery of the first TOF twitch at 25%. The neuromuscular blockade was monitored by acceleromyography. Intergroup comparisons were carried out by Student t test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Sixty patients were enrolled. Mean (SD) time to onset was faster with rocuronium at (1.04 [0.32] minutes) compared with cisatracurium at (2.58 [0.81] minutes) and duration was shorter: time to the first twich at 5% was 30 (6.4) minutes with rocuronium and 38.1 (9.7) minutes with cisatracurium. The total duration of blockade (time to the 80% TOF ratio) was also shorter with rocuronium when the neuromuscular blockade was reversed, but there were no differences in the time to block reversal when neostigmine was not used: 62 (18.9) minutes to recovery from the rocuronium blockade vs 66.96 (15.9) minutes to recover from a cisatracurium blockade. A high percentage of patients had less than an 80% TOF ratio at 60 and 90 minutes of administration of the neuromuscular blockerswhen reversal was not used (patients receiving rocuronium, 60% at 60 minutes, and 20% at 90 minutes; patients receiving cisatracurium, 80% at 60 minutes, and 40% at 90 minutes). CONCLUSION: Not antagonizing a rocuronium- or cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in surgical procedures lasting less than 90 minutes can lead to a high percentaje of residual blockade (TOF ratio <80%).     

顺式阿曲库铵不同用药方式对老年全凭静脉麻醉肌松作用的影响

目的 探讨顺式阿曲库铵不同用药方式对老年患者全凭静脉麻醉肌松作用的影响.方法 60例掸期在全麻下行普外科手术的老年患者,ASA I～Ⅱ级.年龄7l～87岁,随机分为A组(η=20)和B组(η=40),其中B组再随机分为B1组(η=20)和B2组(η=20).肌松诱导:A组单次予顺式阿曲库铵0.2 mg·kg-1静注;B...     

Sugammadex比新斯的明更快逆转维库溴铵所致神经肌肉阻滞的多中心随机对照研究

背景 Sugammadex是一种具有特异结构的γ-环糊精,能选择性地与肌松药结合快速逆转罗库溴铵所致的神经肌肉阻滞,并较小程度地逆转维库溴铵所致的神经肌肉阻滞.该研究中,我们对比了行择期手术的患者中sugammadex和新斯的明对逆转维库溴铵所致神经肌肉阻滞的作用.方法 年龄≥18岁,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级拟行择期手术的患...     

Use of sugammadex in patients with a history of pulmonary disease

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in patients with pulmonary disease.DesignPhase III, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group, comparative, safety-assessor blinded study.SettingNine hospital sites.Patients77 ASA physical status 2 and 3 patients, aged ≥ 18 years, with a history of pulmonary disease, and scheduled for surgery with general anesthesia requiring neuromuscular blockade.InterventionsFollowing anesthesia induction, patients received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg with 0.15 mg/kg maintenance doses as needed. Patients were randomized to receive sugammadex 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg after the last rocuronium dose at reappearance of the second twitch.MeasurementsSafety evaluations included adverse events, laboratory parameters, vital signs, and evidence of recurrent or residual neuromuscular blockade. Efficacy was evaluated as the time from sugammadex administration to recovery of the train-of-four (TOF) ratio to ≥ 0.9.Main ResultsSafety was comparable between doses, with no evidence of residual or recurrent neuromuscular blockade. Two bronchospasm cases were reported (4 mg/kg group), both in patients with asthma who received desflurane for anesthesia maintenance. Geometric mean (95% confidence interval) times to a TOF ratio of ≥ 0.9 were 2.1 (1.7 - 3.1) min (2 mg/kg) and 1.8 (1.5 - 2.7) min (4 mg/kg).ConclusionSugammadex 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg were well tolerated and effective in patients with a history of pulmonary disease. Bronchospasm is a possibility when administering sugammadex to patients with underlying pulmonary disease.     

Reversal of rocuronium-induced (1.2 mg/kg) profound neuromuscular block by sugammadex: a multicenter, dose-finding and safety study

BACKGROUND: Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by sugammadex, a modified gamma-cyclodextrin derivative. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of sugammadex in reversing rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular blockade at 5 min in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients. METHODS: Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients (aged 18-64 yr) scheduled to undergo surgical procedures (anticipated anesthesia duration >/= 90 min) were randomly assigned to a phase II, multicenter, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel, dose-finding study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and an opioid. Profound neuromuscular blockade was induced with 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium bromide. Sugammadex (2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, or 16.0 mg/kg) or placebo (0.9% saline) was then administered 5 min after the administration of rocuronium. Neuromuscular function was monitored by acceleromyography, using train-of-four nerve stimulation. Recovery time was the time from the start of administration of sugammadex or placebo, to recovery of the train-of-four ratio to 0.9. Safety assessments were performed on the day of the operation and during the postoperative and follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients received either sugammadex or placebo. Increasing doses of sugammadex reduced the mean recovery time from 122 min (spontaneous recovery) to less than 2 min in a dose-dependent manner. Signs of recurrence of blockade were not observed. No serious adverse events related to sugammadex were reported. Two adverse events possibly related to sugammadex were reported in two patients (diarrhea and light anesthesia); however, both patients recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Sugammadex rapidly and effectively reversed profound rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in humans and was well tolerated.     

Recurarization after sugammadex reversal in an obese patient

Purpose

We report a case that involved immediate postoperative respiratory failure necessitating tracheal intubation, which was possibly related to recurarization after sugammadex reversal.

Clinical findings

A 54-yr-old woman weighing 115-kg was scheduled for laparoscopic repair of abdominal dehiscence under general anesthesia. Muscle relaxation was induced and maintained with rocuronium (170 mg iv total dose). At the end of the 170-min procedure, two twitches were visualized after supramaximal train-of-four (TOF) stimulation at the adductor pollicis muscle, and the patient’s central core temperature was 35.6°C. Sugammadex 200 mg iv (1.74 mg·kg^?1) was administered. With the patient fully awake, a TOF ratio 0.9 was obtained five minutes later. The tracheal tube was then removed, and the patient was transferred to the postanesthesia care unit. Ten minutes later, the patient presented respiratory failure necessitating tracheal intubation and sedation with propofol. One TOF response only was visualized at the adductor pollicis muscle. Another dose of sugammadex 200 mg iv was administered. Forty-five minutes later, the patient was fully awake and her trachea was extubated after repeated measures of the TOF ratio (≥ 0.9) at the adductor pollicis muscle. The patient fully recovered without sequelae, further complication, or prolonged hospital stay.

Conclusion

Shortly after tracheal extubation, an obese patient experienced respiratory failure necessitating tracheal intubation and an additional dose of sugammadex. This occurred despite initial reversal of neuromuscular blockade with an appropriate dose of sugammadex 2 mg·kg^?1 iv given at two responses to TOF stimulation.