病毒性心为与扩张型心肌病血清抗M受体抗体研究

Ｍ受体和肾上腺素能受体通过自主神经调节心脏功能。在某些病理条件下，血清抗Ｍ受体抗体的产生与疾病的发生，发展密度相关。本研究拟通过对病毒性心肌为与扩张型心肌病患者血清抗Ｍ受体抗体的检测，探讨该批示的辅助判断价值。方法 随机选择ＶＭＣ患者３２例，ＤＣＭ患者１２例，冠心病患者２０例及正常对照组１４例，受试者血清与人心室肌组织预孵育后，冷冻切片法测定Ｍ受体与配基」＾３Ｈ」ＱＮＢ结合的Ｂｍａｘ五Ｋｄ值。     

病毒性心肌炎可溶性白细胞介素2受体、自然杀伤细胞活性及T细胞亚群的检测

应用单克隆与多克隆双抗体夹心法检测３６例病毒性心肌炎（ＶＭＣ）及２４例正常人（ＮＣ）的血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ），同时测定外周血自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫＣ）活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群。结果显示ＶＭＣ患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）．而ＮＫＣ活性明显低于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｔ细胞亚群与ＮＣ组比较，急性ＶＭＣ患者总Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ３），辅助性Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ４）和抑制性Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ８）均减少，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５．０．０１），以细胞免疫功能低下为明显；而ＶＭＣ后遗症期患者ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４与ＮＣ组无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＣＤ８显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值显著高于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），以细胞免疫调节失衡为主。上述结果提示细胞免疫功能低下及免疫功能失调为ＶＭＣ发病及影响预后的重要因素。     

扩张型心肌病抗心肌β1与M2受体自身抗体的初步研究

目的研究抗β１与抗Ｍ２受体的自身抗体是否与扩张型心肌病（ＤＣＭ）有关。方法以心脏β１与Ｍ２受体细胞外第二环表位肽段的合成肽作为抗原，应用酶联免疫吸附测定（ＥＬＩＳＡ）技术检测５２例ＤＣＭ患者和４１例正常人血清中抗β１与Ｍ２受体的自身抗体。结果ＤＣＭ患者血清中有２２例（４２．３％）与２９例（５５．８％）的抗β１与抗Ｍ２受体的自身抗体，均显著高于正常人血清中仅５例（１２．２％）与４例（９．８％）相应抗体的检出（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＤＣＭ患者血清中抗β１与Ｍ２受体的自身抗体滴度分别为１１０３与１１２８，远高于正常人１４０与１２４的相应抗体滴度（Ｐ＜０．０１）；心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级的阳性率是心功能Ⅳ级的２倍以上且抗体滴度大多在１１６０～１２５６０，而心功能Ⅳ级的抗体滴度全部在１２０～１８０。患者血清中抗β１与抗Ｍ２受体自身抗体的出现呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９６）。结论ＤＣＭ患者不仅存在抗心肌β１和Ｍ２的自身抗体而且他们的抗体滴度也明显高于正常对照组。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染与消化性溃疡的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染与消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）之间的关系及其在ＰＵ形成中的作用机制．方法１９８９１０／１９９５０９因消化道症状而进行内镜检查及血清ＨＢＶＭ检测的３３４例患者，并对结果进行统计学处理分析．结果在３３４例患者中有４６例感染了ＨＢＶ，列为ＨＢＶ感染组，检出ＰＵ１９例（４１３％），其余２８８例列为ＨＢＶ非感染组，检出ＰＵ６６例（２２９％），两组有极显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）．在３３４例患者中有ＰＵ８５例，列为ＰＵ组，血清ＨＢＶＭ阳性率为２２４％，其中胃溃疡（ＧＵ）３１例（３６５％），十二指肠溃疡（ＤＵ）３５例（４１２％），复合性溃疡（ＣＵ）１９例（２２３％），ＧＵ，ＤＵ及ＣＵ血清ＨＢＶＭ阳性率分别为２５８％（８／３１），２２９％（８／３５）及１５８％（３／１９），三组相互间比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）；其余２４９例列为非ＰＵ组，血清ＨＢＶＭ阳性率１０８％，两组有极显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）．ＰＵ组与全国城市人群标化ＨＢＶＭ阳性率７９％比较有极显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＨＢＶ感染与ＰＵ关系密切，是参与ＰＵ发病的一个因素．     

回生口服液对人IL-2水平及LAK细胞活性的影响

目的探讨回生口服液对人体ＩＬ２水平及ＬＡＫ细胞活性的影响．方法取健康献血者外周静脉血，分离出单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ），加入植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ），于９６孔微量培养板中，分别加入不同浓度的回生口服液，孵育２４ｈ，以ＣＴＬＬ２细胞作为检测细胞，用ＭＴＴ法测定ＩＬ２水平，同时设空白对照及阴性对照组；分离出的ＰＢＭＣ加入γＩＬ２，于２５ｍｌ培养瓶中共同孵育９６ｈ，制备ＬＡＫ细胞，然后将其与经不同浓度回生口服液处理后的ＳＭＭＣ７７２１，Ｈｅｌａ细胞株于９６孔微量培养板中共同孵育２０ｈ，用ＬＤＨ释放法测ＬＡＫ细胞活性，同时设空白对照．全部数据采用ｔ检验方法进行处理．结果回生口服液在浓度为１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ以上时能促进ＰＢＭＣ在ＰＨＡ作用下分泌ＩＬ２（Ｐ＜００１），在１ｍｇ／ｍｌ时即能拮抗１％（Ｐ＜００１）、５％（Ｐ＜００５）人血清ＩＬ２抑制物的作用，且都与药物浓度呈正相关，在高浓度（１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ）时还能增强ＬＡＫ细胞的活性（Ｐ＜００１）．结论回生口服液可提高人ＩＬ２水平，并增强ＬＡＫ细胞活性，以实现抗癌作用．     

HBV 侵犯PBMC致线粒体功能改变

目的探讨ＨＢＶ侵犯外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）后对其线粒体功能的影响．方法ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性６个月以上，无肝炎症状及体征，肝功正常患者５８例．多聚酶链反应检测ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，噻唑兰（ＭＴＴ）比色法测线粒体功能．ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ检测用固相放免法检测．结果慢性ＨＢＶ感染者５８例，ＰＢＭＣ中检出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ３１例（５３５％），ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组ＭＴＴ比色法查线粒体功能的Ａ（ＯＤ５００ｎｍ）值明显低于ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阴性组（００５±００３ｖｓ０２９±００７，Ｐ＜００１）．结论慢性ＨＢＶ感染时，ＨＢＶ常侵犯ＰＢＭＣ，并导致ＰＢＭＣ线粒体功能降低、能量代谢异常．这可为ＨＢＶ慢性感染免疫功能异常的原因之一．     

丙型肝炎病毒核心基因免疫研究

目的研究丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）核心（Ｃ）基因免疫用于预防和治疗ＨＣＶ感染的可行性和有效性．方法将ＨＣＶＣ基因片段插入真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３质粒ＣＭＶ启动子的下游，在证实其可以在小鼠骨髓瘤细胞ＳＰ２／０（Ｈ２ｄ）中表达之后，将重组质粒注射ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ（Ｈ２ｄ）小鼠股四头肌，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清中抗体产生水平；３ＨＴｄＲ掺入法测定免疫小鼠淋巴细胞ＨＣＶＣ抗原特异性增殖能力，４ｈ５１Ｃｒ释放法检测免疫小鼠细胞毒Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬｓ）体外杀伤功能．结果免疫小鼠２０只，初次免疫２ｗｋ后，血清中均出现了ＨＣＶＣ抗体，且增加免疫剂量可提高抗体滴度；淋巴细胞增殖指数为６１０，明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１），ＣＴＬｓ体外特异性杀伤率为６３１％，也高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＨＣＶＣ基因免疫不仅可以诱导机体产生特异性的体液免疫，而且产生特异性的细胞免疫，它可能是防治ＨＣＶ的有效方法．     

地方性克汀病病区加碘盐11年后胎儿大脑M－胆碱受体的观察

报告１２例非克汀病病区人工引产胎儿和６例地方性克汀病病区加碘盐１１年后人工引产胎儿大脑Ｍ－胆碱受体的变化。结果显示，与非病区相比．病区胎儿大脑Ｍ－胆碱受体密度（Ｂ（ｍａｘ））显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而配基－受体解高常数（Ｋｄ）则明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明病区补碘后胎儿发育过程中，大脑Ｍ－胆碱受体发育存在显著的迟滞现象，这可能是病区仍然有亚克汀病病例存在的分子基础。     

高血压不同时期β受体的变化及其意义

目的探讨高血压病（ＥＨ）患者心肌β受体的变化与其病情的关系。方法采用３Ｈ－双氢阿普洛尔（３Ｈ－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏａｌｐｒｅｎｏｌｏｌ）放射性配基结合分析法，测定６９例ＥＨ不同时期男性患者外周血淋巴细胞的β受体密度（与心肌β受体密度呈显著性正相关），并对各期１０例患者进行羟甲叔丁肾上腺素药物实验，以测定β受体敏感性。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ期ＥＨ患者β受体的最大结合容量（βＭｍａｘ）分别较正常人增加３０．８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和５６．７％（Ｐ＜０．００１），羟甲叔丁肾上腺素增加心率３０次／分的变时剂量（ＣＤ３０）分别较正常人降低２０．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和３７．９％（Ｐ＜０．００１），其中并发左室肥厚患者上述特征的显著性明显大于元左室肥厚患者（均Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ⅲ期ＥＨ患者βｍａｘ较正常人降低２７．２％，ＣＤ３０则较正常人增加２４．１％（均Ｐ＜０．０１），其中井发心力衰竭患者上述特征的显著性明显大于无衰竭患者（均Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论心肌β受体密度及功能的变化可能与ＥＨ及其并发左室肥厚与心力衰竭有关，提示，该参数可作为判断ＥＨ患者病情变化的一项指标。     

肺心病患者红细胞免疫功能与活性氧关系的研究

目的：探讨肺心病患者红细胞免疫功能。方法：对３０例肺心病急性加重期患者采用化学比色法测定血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及丙二醛（ＭＤＡ），用红细胞酵母菌花环法测定红细胞免疫粘附功能。结果：肺心病急性加重期血清ＳＯＤ下降，ＭＤＡ升高，红细胞膜表面的Ｃ３ｂ受体（ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲ）下降，红细胞免疫复合物（ＲＢＣＩＣ）升高，与健康对照组比较均具有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００１）。直线相关分析：ＳＯＤ与ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲ呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜００１），ＭＤＡ与ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲ呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜００１），ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ与ＲＢＣＩＣ无线性相关关系。结论：肺心病急性加重期活性氧的增加是引起红细胞免疫粘附功能下降的一个重要原因。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.