人参皂苷Rg2对缺血再灌注大鼠海马神经元淀粉样蛋白及其前体表达的影响

目的 探讨缺血再灌注对大鼠认知功能的损伤机制及人参皂苷Rg2干预作用.方法 制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,缺血60 min后再灌注24 h.用Morris水迷宫方法 测定大鼠学习记忆能力变化;用免疫组织化学和图像分析方法 检测脑组织β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1-40)及其前体蛋白(APP)和NMDA受体蛋白(NR1)的表达.结果 模型组大鼠缺血再灌注后第5天逃避潜伏期与正常对照组和假手术组比较差异有显著性(F=185.15,q=34.07、35.06,P<0.05),人参皂苷Rg2 2.5～10.0 mg/kg组与模型组比较差异有显著性(q=9.89～30.99,P<0.05), 人参皂苷Rg2 10.0 mg/kg组与尼莫地平组比较无显著差异(P>0.05).模型组大鼠缺血再灌注后Aβ1-40、APP及NR1表达均明显增强,与正常组和假手术组比较差异有显著性(F=74.36～192.97,q=22.20～38.57,P<0.05);人参皂苷Rg2 2.5～10.0 mg/kg组与模型组比较差异有显著性(q=9.12～30.38,P<0.05);人参皂苷Rg2 10.0 mg/kg组与尼莫地平组比较无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 脑缺血再灌注可以通过上调Aβ1-40、APP和NR1的表达而引起认知功能障碍,而人参皂苷Rg2对认知功能有保护作用.     

人参皂苷对体外培养低氧海马神经元的保护作用

目的 观察人参皂苷（Rg2）对大鼠低氧海马神经元的保护作用及其机制。方法 取新生Wistar大鼠海马神经元体外培养14d，随机分为对照组、5μmol/L尼莫地平组（尼莫地平组）、Rg2 0．025mmol/L组（Rg2 1组）、Rg2 0．050mmol/L组（Rg2 2组）。将相应药物加入到培养液中孵育4h后，连续充以体积分数0．95N2＋体积分数0．05CO2混合气体，建立急性低氧细胞模型。台盼蓝染色计数存活细胞，吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态，荧光分光光度计法测细胞内Ca^2＋浓度。结果 尼莫地平组、Rg2两个剂量组的细胞死亡率均明显低于对照组，以Rg2 2组最低，差异均有显著性（X^2=3．37，P〈0．05）。海马神经元细胞内Ca^2＋浓度在尼莫地平组、Rg2两个剂量组均明显低于对照组，以Rg2 2组最低，差异均有显著性（F=466．58，q=6．76～48．82，P〈0．01）。结论 Rg2可显著降低体外培养大鼠低氧海马神经元的细胞死亡率，其机制可能是通过减少Ca^2＋内流而发挥作用。     

人参皂苷Rg1和白藜芦醇配伍对心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1和白藜芦醇配伍预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法:75只大鼠分为假手术组、缺血再灌注损伤组(模型组)、人参皂苷加白藜芦醇组(配伍组)、人参皂苷组和白藜芦醇组,每组15只,药物治疗组给予人参皂苷Rg1和白藜芦醇等预处理,制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察大鼠血清中IL-17与CK的水平,心肌组织中Bcl-2、Bax的表达水平,ATP、NO、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性的变化。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组血清IL-17与CK的水平明显升高;心肌组织Bcl-2表达水平降低、Bax表达水平升高,ATP、NO含量降低;MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,iNOS活性升高,eNOS活性降低。与模型组比较,人参皂苷加白藜芦醇组大鼠血清IL-17与CK的水平降低;心肌组织Bcl-2表达水平升高、Bax表达水平降低,ATP、NO含量升高;MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,iNOS活性降低,eNOS活性升高。结论:人参皂苷Rg1与白藜芦醇配伍可能通过抑制心肌细胞凋亡,降低细胞内游离Ca2+浓度,增加自由基清除能力,减低内皮功能及炎症损伤程度等机制对缺血心肌产生一定的保护作用。     

人参皂苷Rg2对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后SOD、MDA影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg2对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后的心肌保护机制。方法:选择30只大鼠作为研究对象,并且将这30只大鼠随机的分为三组:假手术组、缺血再灌注组和人参皂苷Rg2组,在手术后第5天将大鼠处死,HE染色观察心肌细胞形态特征和基本结构,检测MDA含量、SOD活性。结果:缺血再灌注组和人参皂苷Rg2治疗组的心肌梗死面积、MDA含量、SOD活性差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rg2提高了大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的抗氧化活性,减轻自由基氧化损伤。     

参力保对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察参力保对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 结扎兔冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)30 min,再灌注120 min后制备家兔心肌缺血再灌注模型.56只家兔,随机分为7组,生理盐水对照组:假手术组,模型组(给予溶媒8.58 mg/kg),参力保高剂量组(22.36 mg/kg,内含5.2 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg2),参力保中剂量组(11.18 mg/kg,内含2.6 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg2),参力保低剂量组(5.59 mg/kg,内含1.3 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg2),阳性对照组(给予盐酸尼卡地平注射液),测定血浆磷酸激酸同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)及游离脂肪酸 (NFFA) 含量;高效液相法测定心肌组织去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量.结果 参力保能显著降低血浆CK-MB和LDH、AST的活性,与模型组相比有显著差异(F=13.031～32.604,P<0.05、0.01).参力保3个剂量组与模型组比较可明显降低心肌MDA含量,提高SOD活性和NE的含量(F=2.880～15.927,q=5.249～12.510,P<0.05);参力保高、中、低剂量组NFFA与模型组比较,差异有显著性(Z1=Z2=Z3=-2.329,P<0.05).结论 参力保对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制与清除自由基抑制脂质过氧化反应有关.     

人参皂苷Rg1对力竭运动后大鼠骨骼肌Bax/Bcl-2表达的影响

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg1对力竭运动后大鼠骨骼肌细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法选用成年SD大鼠30只,随机等分为正常组、模型组和人参皂苷Rg1组(50 mg/kg·d-1)3组,人参皂苷Rg1组和模型组大鼠进行电动跑台训练直至力竭,每天1次。连续训练30 d后,3组动物麻醉,颈椎脱臼处死后,取左侧股四头肌制备成细胞悬液,采用AnnexinV-FITC流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,并通过RT-PCR法和Western Blot法分别检测Bax和Bcl-2的mRNA及蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,人参皂苷Rg1组骨骼肌细胞凋亡率显著降低(P0.05);骨骼肌细胞Bax的mRNA及蛋白表达明显下调,Bcl-2的mRNA及蛋白表达明显升高。结论人参皂苷Rg1对力竭运动后大鼠骨骼肌细胞具有抗凋亡作用,其作用可能与其调节Bax和Bcl-2的表达有关。     

人参皂苷Rg1调控Nrf2在SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后的抗氧化作用

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中的抗氧化作用及机制.方法 SPF级健康成年雄性SD大鼠120只, 随机分为空白对照组、假手术组、模型组、不同浓度的Rg1治疗组.线栓法构建大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞 (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) 缺血再灌注损伤模型, 各治疗组采用人参皂苷Rg1进行预处理, 假手术组仅分离血管而不闭塞.采用Longa标准进行神经行为学评分;Western blot检测Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达情况;比色法测定SOD和MDA含量变化.结果 模型组大鼠行为学评分显著高于空白对照组, 不同浓度的Rg1治疗组评分明显低于模型组 (P<0.05) ;与空白对照组或假手术组相比, 模型组Nrf2和HO-1的表达有所增加, SOD的含量显著降低, 而MDA的含量明显增加 (P<0.05) ;与模型组相比, 各治疗组Nrf2和HO-1的表达、SOD的含量均增加, 而MDA的含量则不同程度的减少 (P<0.05) .结论 人参皂苷Rg1上调Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达, 增加SOD、降低MDA的含量, 改善SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后行为学表现, 发挥保护作用.     

人参皂苷Rg2对脑缺血再灌注大鼠学习记忆及海马神经元Glu和NMDA受体亚单位表达的影响

目的观察全脑缺血再灌注对大鼠空间学习记忆和海马神经元Glu、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)亚单位NR1、NR2B表达的影响,探讨人参皂苷Rg2的干预作用。方法SD大鼠56只,采用四血管阻断法制备大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型(假手术组除外),随机分为7组(各8只):假手术组、模型组、溶酶组(注射2.5 mL/kg的1,2-丙二醇和聚乙二醇400混合液)、人参皂苷Rg2高剂量组(注射10.0 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg2)、中剂量组(注射5.0 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg2)、低剂量组(注射2.5 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg2)、尼莫地平组(注射50μg/kg尼莫地平),MORRIS水迷宫试验检测大鼠学习记忆能力的改变,免疫组织化学和图像分析方法观察Glu、NR1、NR2免疫阳性神经元的表达。结果缺血再灌注模型组大鼠海马Glu、NR1、NR2B免疫阳性神经元的表达与假手术组比较明显增加,人参皂苷Rg2高剂量组Glu、NR1、NR2B神经元的表达与模型组比较明显降低,差异均有显著意义(F=155.249~268.228,q=2.934~5.259,P<0.01)。人参皂苷Rg2高剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期较模型组明显缩短(F=22.063,q=4.59,P<0.01)。结论人参皂苷Rg2能降低Glu、NR1、NR2B在脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马神经元的表达,并改善学习记忆能力。     

人参皂苷Rg1对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病模型大鼠心功能及血管舒缩功能的影响

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(coronary heart disease,CHD)模型大鼠心功能及血管舒缩功能的影响。方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组,CHD模型组及人参皂苷Rg1低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,各12只。除对照组大鼠外,其余大鼠均采用高脂饮食联合注射垂体后叶素的方法建立CHD大鼠模型。建模后,人参皂苷Rg1低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别腹腔注射人参皂苷Rg1 5 mg·kg~(-1)、10 mg·kg~(-1)、20 mg·kg~(-1),每天1次,连续6周,对照组及模型组则给予等量的生理盐水。在末次给药24 h后,称取大鼠体质量,检测血脂水平、心功能及冠状动脉血流量,HE染色观察大鼠冠状动脉及左心室组织形态学变化,ELISA法检测血清及心肌中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、NO、内皮素(endothelin,ET)水平,腹主动脉离体血管环实验检测大鼠血管内皮舒缩功能。结果:人参皂苷Rg1干预组大鼠心脏及冠状动脉病理学损伤明显减轻,炎性细胞浸润和心肌水肿明显减少。与CHD模型组比较,人参皂苷Rg1各剂量组大鼠三酰甘油、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白均显著降低,高密度脂蛋白显著增加,左心室收缩压、左室内压最大变化速率及冠状动脉血流量明显升高(P0.05或P0.01),左室舒张末期压力明显降低(P0.05);人参皂苷Rg1各剂量组血清及心肌组织中SOD及NO水平均明显增加(P0.05或P0.01),MDA及ET均明显减少,腹主动脉环对乙酰胆碱的舒张反应均明显增加(P0.05),对氯化钾及去甲肾上腺素的收缩反应均明显降低(P0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rg1可提高CHD模型大鼠的心脏功能,改善心肌及冠状动脉病理损伤,其机制可能与平衡血管舒缩功能,提高机体抗氧化酶活性有关。     

人参皂苷Rg1对6-OHDA所致MES23.5神经细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1对6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA) 所致MES23.5神经细胞损伤的保护作用.方法 MES23.5细胞常规培养,观察人参皂苷Rg1预处理对6-OHDA毒性作用的影响,MTT法观察细胞存活率,实时荧光半定量反转录聚合酶链反应(real time RT-PCR)观察酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和Bcl-2基因的表达情况.结果 6-OHDA 可剂量依赖性地损伤MES23.5细胞(F=71.24,P<0.01),人参皂苷Rg1预处理可对抗6-OHDA的毒性作用(F=14.63,P<0.01);6-OHDA可明显降低TH和Bcl-2基因的表达,人参皂苷Rg1预处理可明显逆转上述改变(F=9.80、15.34,P<0.01).结论 人参皂苷Rg1可明显对抗6-OHDA对MES23.5神经细胞的损伤,其作用机制可能与抗凋亡有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.