流程优化护理在口腔颌面外科门诊护理质量管理中的应用

目的 探讨流程优化护理在口腔颌面外科门诊护理质量管理中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年 9月-2022年9月我院口腔颌面外科门诊收治的70例患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各35例。对照组予 以常规护理,观察组予以流程优化护理,比较两组护理质量、就诊时间、门诊服务评价以及不良事件 发生情况。结果 观察组环境质量、流程秩序、服务态度、操作技术评分均高于对照组（P ＜0.05）; 观察组挂号时间、检查时间、取药时间、就诊缴费时间均短于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察组就诊流程、 服务态度、就诊环境、服务水平、健康教育、人文关怀服务评价评分均高于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察 组不良事件发生率为2.86%,低于对照组的20.00%（P ＜0.05）。结论 口腔颌面外科门诊予以流程优 化护理不仅能够提高护理质量,同时还可以缩短就诊时间,提高外科门诊护理服务水平,降低不良事 件发生率。     

准分子激光角膜屈光手术术前检查流程的优化

目的改进准分子激光角膜屈光手术术前检查中的护理流程,为患者提供更为优质的服务。方法将行准分子激光角膜屈光手术术前检查的1000例患者随机分为对照组和观察组各500例。对照组采用常规方法;观察组采用优化护理流程方法,包括分析问题、优化护理流程步骤、整合就诊步骤等。结果两组护理质量评分、患者就诊时间、等待时间、患者满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论优化护理流程可提高工作效率、提升患者满意度和护理质量。     

糖尿病专科护理门诊工作现况调查分析

目的了解糖尿病专科护理门诊现况,为优化流程提供依据。方法采用自制糖尿病专科护理门诊患者满意度问卷对在糖尿病专科护理门诊就诊的200例患者进行调查;对4名糖尿病专科护士进行现场观察与访谈了解工作现况。结果患者满意度总体均分为(4.21±0.49)分,6个维度评分(3.45±0.78)~(4.36±0.64)分;专科门诊护理内容包括健康教育、胰岛素笔使用、检测血糖等13项,每个工作日实施0~48.00次;患者等待就诊时间(14.69±8.00)min。专科护理访谈提炼出工作职责不明确、工作时间未建立预约制、门诊导诊护士配合欠佳及患者健康档案登记欠全面4个主题。结论患者对糖尿病专科护理门诊就诊流程和就诊时间等方面满意度较低,专科护士健康教育工作受到影响,应改进流程,以促进健康教育的效果,提高患者满意度。     

门诊预约输液的实践

目的 缓解门诊输液室高峰期排队等候时间较长的现象,优化门诊输液服务.方法 将门诊输液2d以上的患者分为对照组和观察组各300例.对照组采用常规输液流程,观察组分析门诊输液流程存在的主要问题并制订预约服务流程,开展预约输液服务.结果 观察组患者排队等候时间显著短于对照组,患者满意度调查7个条目中5个条目的满意度显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 实行预约输液能够缩短门诊患者输液等候时间,提高患者满意度.     

乳腺专科护理门诊对哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者的干预效果

目的探讨乳腺专科护理门诊对哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者的干预效果。方法将2016年1~12月就诊急性乳腺炎患者98例设为对照组,给予常规诊疗;将2017年1~12月就诊急性乳腺炎患者112例设为干预组,开设乳腺专科护理门诊对患者进行管理。结果干预组治愈有效率、就诊满意度、继续哺乳意愿及行为显著高于对照组,回乳率、复发率显著低于对照组(均P0.01)。结论乳腺专科护理门诊能有效管理哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者,降低回乳率及复发率,提高痊愈后喂养意愿及行为。     

急救护理路径在急性脑血管病中的应用

目的 探讨急救护理路径对急性脑血管病患者的疗效.方法 将2007年9月至2008年12月到急诊科就诊并确诊为急性脑血管病的286例患者作为对照组,应用常规的护理流程进行急诊抢救护理,将2009年1月至2010年6月的309例患者作为观察组,采用急救护理路径进行急诊抢救护理.结果 观察组抢救时间及患者满意度与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 急救护理路径运用于急性脑血管病的急诊抢救,有效地提高了抢救效率、患者存活率,以及患者对急诊工作的满意度.     

个案管理师为主导的妇科日间手术护理流程的实施

目的建立以个案管理师为主导的妇科日间手术护理流程,使患者得到安全便捷的治疗和护理服务。方法将300例妇科日间手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各150例,对照组实施日间手术常规护理,观察组实施以个案管理师为主导的妇科日间手术护理流程。结果观察组手术临时取消率、住院费用、转科率、出院后并发症发生率及72 h急诊就诊率、7 d非计划再入院率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。观察组患者满意度显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论对妇科日间手术患者实施以个案管理师为主导的妇科日间手术护理流程,可以有效缩短患者诊疗时间,减轻经济负担,降低医疗资源浪费,促进患者早日出院,提高患者满意度。     

开展预约服务提高门诊输液患者满意度的实践

目的探讨开展预约服务对提高门诊输液患者满意度的作用。方法将门诊输液2 d以上的患者按时间顺序分为对照组（n=590）和观察组（n=610）。对照组按门诊常规输液流程;观察组开展预约服务,通过门诊输液室全体成员会议和部分患者访谈,分析门诊输液流程存在的主要问题并制订预约服务流程,做好预约服务的准备工作,进而实行预约服务,合理分流输液患者。结果观察组患者的等待输液时间为（15.7&#177;2.6）min,对照组为（37.5&#177;11.3）min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。观察组患者对门诊输液工作（除护士使用文明用语一项外）的满意度显著高于对照组患者（均P〈0.01）。结论在门诊输液室开展预约服务,可明显提高患者满意度,也提高了门诊护理服务质量。     

开展预约服务提高门诊输液患者满意度的实践

目的探讨开展预约服务对提高门诊输液患者满意度的作用。方法将门诊输液2 d以上的患者按时间顺序分为对照组(n=590)和观察组(n=610)。对照组按门诊常规输液流程;观察组开展预约服务,通过门诊输液室全体成员会议和部分患者访谈,分析门诊输液流程存在的主要问题并制订预约服务流程,做好预约服务的准备工作,进而实行预约服务,合理分流输液患者。结果观察组患者的等待输液时间为(15.7±2.6)min,对照组为(37.5±11.3)min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组患者对门诊输液工作(除护士使用文明用语一项外)的满意度显著高于对照组患者(均P0.01)。结论在门诊输液室开展预约服务,可明显提高患者满意度,也提高了门诊护理服务质量。     

PDCA循环质量管理方法对提高门诊护理工作满意度的效果研究

目的:探讨实施PDCA循环质量管理前后患者对综合医院门诊护理工作满意度的变化。方法:选取2014年6月-12月(行PDCA管理模式前)于本院整形美容外科就诊的门诊及住院后门诊复诊的302例患者为对照组,2015年1月-6月(PDCA管理模式后)就诊的328例患者为实验组。对照组接受门诊常规就诊流程,实验组实施PDCA循环质量管理方法。就医结束填写门诊护理满意度调查问卷,比较两组护理满意度情况。结果:实施PDCA循环质量管理后患者对门诊护士服务态度、健康教育及护患有效沟通等方面的满意度均高于实施前(P0.05)。结论:实施PDCA循环质量管理后门诊手术及住院手术后门诊复诊的患者对门诊护理工作的满意度大幅提高。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.