经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在房间隔缺损经导管封堵术中的应用价值

目的探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图(TTE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)经心导管封堵治疗中的应用价值。方法应用TTE选择适于行Amplatzer式封堵术的继发孔型ASD患者27例，在TTE监测引导下经右心导管应用房间隔封堵器关闭ASD。结果26例ASD获成功封堵，术后即刻、1天、1个月和3个月TTE检查显示封堵器位置稳定良好，无残余分流。结论在TTE引导下行ASD封堵术是一种简便、可靠和安全的方法。     

超声心动图引导下经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术34例临床观察

目的 探讨彩色超声心动图（TTE）在经胸微创房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术中的应用价值.方法 对34例ASD患者行经胸微创封堵术,并于术前采用TTE测量各切面ASD长度及周缘情况,术中采用TTE监测封堵过程,术后采用TTE观察心房水平有无残余分流、封堵伞有无脱落及右心系统回缩情况.结果 TTE测量ASD长度为（14.54±7.05）mm,所选封堵器型号大于TTE测量值4～6 mm;33例经胸微创ASD封堵术成功,1例因ASD长度大、一侧无残端组织而无法牢固放置封堵器改开胸手术缝补;术后随访1周、1个月均无残余分流,封堵器封堵牢固、无脱落;右心系统回缩明显.结论 TTE用于经胸微创ASD封堵术能于术前准确测量ASD大小、术中及时监测与引导封堵过程、术后准确观察有无残余分流并评价疗效.     

经胸壁彩超结合球囊法在房间隔缺损经右心导管封堵术中的应用

目的 :评价经胸壁彩色超声心动图 (TTE)结合球囊测量法引导房间隔缺损 (ASD)经导管封堵术的可靠性及实用价值。方法 :对 6 7例ASD患者 ,采用TTE结合球囊法测量ASD伸展径后 ,分别置入相应型号Am platzer封堵器。 结果 :6 7例患者TTE引导经右心导管封堵ASD术均成功 ,超声测量的ASD最大伸展径与其实际伸展径一致 ,相关系数 (r ) =0 .97,P <0 .0 0 1。 6 4例ASD封堵器一次放置成功 ,3例第 2次放置成功 ;封堵术成功后即刻彩色超声心动图显示 ,穿隔血流消失 ;术后 3个月复查 ,6 6例封堵器位置良好 ,房间隔无分流 ,右心系统明显回缩 ;1例原有两孔缺损的封堵其中的大孔后残留少量分流。结论 :TTE结合球囊测量法引导ASD经右心导管封堵术成功率高、安全和无痛苦 ,值得推广。     

经胸B超指导Amplatzer封堵器在治疗成人房间隔缺损中的应用

目的　评价经胸B超 (TTE)指导Amplatzer封堵器治疗成人继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)的价值。方法　 30例ASD行Amplatzer封堵术的患者 ,年龄 13～ 6 5岁 ,平均 (32± 15 )岁 ,术前及术中采用TTE指导封堵 ,术后即刻及术后 1个月 ,3个月分别行TTE检查评价治疗效果。结果　 2 4例 (80 % )患者术前和术中直接采用TTE指导封堵成功 ,总有效率为 80 % ;5例 (16 7% )患者术前加做食管B超(TEE)选择适应证 ;1例 (3 3% )患者术中加做TEE指导封堵成功。术中未发生任何重要并发症 ,无急症手术病例。术后即刻TTE彩色多普勒显示 2例 (6 7% )存在微 /少量残余分流 ,术后 1月TTE显示30例患者的ASD完全闭合 ,封堵器形态、位置良好 ,未对毗邻结构产生影响 ,且未见封堵器移位及ASD再通。结论　TTE可用于指导大多数ASD患者行经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗。     

经胸超声心动图在继发孔房间隔缺损封堵术围手术期中的应用价值

目的评价经胸超声心动图（VrE）在继发孔房间隔缺损（ASD）围手术期中的应用价值。方法术前筛选86例有外科手术适应证的继发孔ASD患者,TTE测量各切面ASD大小及残边情况,指导选择封堵器（ASO）型号,术中监测ASO置放及释放过程,术后随访观察。结果86例患者术前TTE测得ASD最大直径5～34（24．4±5．63）mm,所用ASO直径为8—40（27．5±7．12）mm。TTE成功引导81例ASO置人,总成功率为94．2％,其中双孔ASD2例,均置入单个ASO成功。5例术后即刻有微量或少量残余分流,术后3个月复查TTE分流完全消失。结论经导管ASD封堵术是安全可行的方法,T珏对ASD封堵术前病例选择、残边评估、ASO型号选择、术中监测ASO的置放全过程和术后疗效评价有重要临床价值。     

实时三维超声心动图在房缺封堵术中的应用

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT3DE)技术在经导管房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中的应用价值。方法57例连续先心病ASD行介入封堵治疗患者术前、术中及术后行经胸超声心动图(TTE)、经食管超声心动图(TEE)及RT3DE,测定ASD部位、大小、形态、以及与二尖瓣、三尖瓣的关系,术后封堵器的位置、形态、和残余漏。结果RT3DE显示ASD大多为不规则椭圆状。与TTE比较,RT3DE测得ASD最大径(P<0.05),ASD边缘与二尖瓣距离(P<0.01)及三尖瓣距离(P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。RT3DE在检测封堵后残余分流、封堵器对瓣膜活动影响及封堵器微脱位都优于TTE。结论RT3DE可准确测定ASD部位、大小、形态、以及与邻近解剖结构的关系,对封堵器选择、手术过程指导及术后疗效评价都非常有价值。     

超声心动图在Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗房间隔缺损中的价值

目的　超声心动图引导Amplatzer封堵器经导管关闭房间隔缺损 (ASD)。方法　 15例待外科手术的ASD患者 ,超声检查 [12例经食管超声心动图 (TEE)检查、3例经胸超声心动图 (TTE)检查 ]符合条件而准备行经导管ASD封堵术。在超声及X线引导下 ,以ASD最大伸展径或加 1～ 2mm为标准 ,选择Amplatzer封堵器型号 ,导管送封堵器到ASD处、释放 ,腰部卡于ASD口处 ,两伞贴于房间隔两侧。结果　 2例患者ASD最大伸展径 >34mm ,没有相应大的封堵器而放弃封堵术 ,其余 13例成功地进行了ASD封堵。超声测量ASD径非常显著小于ASD最大伸展径 [(16 92± 5 35 )mm∶(2 1 38±5 0 1)mm ,P <0 0 1],平均相差 4 46mm。术后立即、2 4h、1个月及 3个月行TTE检查 ,13例患者封堵器位置准确、稳定 ,均无残余分流。所有患者术中及术后均无并发症。结论　用Amplatzer封堵器关闭ASD ,超声在病例的选择、引导封堵器置入及术后疗效观察等方面有极重要、不可替代的作用。     

经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗儿童心房间隔缺损的临床体会

目的:评价经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗Ⅱ孔型心房间隔缺损(ASD)的疗效。方法:全组20例,术前经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查示ASD存在,所有病例均在透视及经TTE监视下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器封堵ASD。术后24h,1、3及6个月分别行TTE、心电图及X线胸片检查评价治疗效果。结果:20例ASD患儿封堵器置入均获得成功,术中未发生任何并发症,无急诊手术病例。术后24h,1、3、6个月TTE检查,示心房水平分流消失,未见封堵器对心房壁及二尖瓣、三尖瓣运动产生影响,均未见封堵器移位及ASD再通;X线胸片检查显示术后24h,1、3、6个月肺血较术前均有不同程度减少。术后6个月右心房、室内径均恢复至正常范围。结论:经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗ASD是一种有效的非手术方法,具有操作简便、安全、技术成功率高及封堵效果好等诸多优点,其临床应用的远期疗效尚需继续观察。     

TTE在房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

对20例拟诊为继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）的患儿，应用封堵器经导管关闭ASD。通过经胸超声心动图（TTE）在术前显示ASD大小及其边缘的解剖特点，术中指导封堵器的放置，术后评价疗效。18例成功实施封堵术者经TTE随访1～22个月，无残余分流征象。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损的疗效观察

目的评价经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的临床效果。方法对11例术前经胸超声(TTE)检查诊断为继发孔型ASD患者(直径8～31mm),在TTE及透视引导下,经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器,术后24h、1个月、3个月、12个月分别用TTE、心电图及X线检查评价治疗效果。结果 11例置入的封堵器直径为12～34mm,置入全部成功,术后24h经TTE检查,所有病例均完成12个月随访,均无残余分流及并发症。结论应用Amplatz-er封堵器治疗ASD是一种有效的非手术方法 ,具有操作简便、安全、成功率高,封堵效果好等优点。     

经静脉闭合房间隔缺损的疗效观察

目的 :评价经静脉置入 Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)的疗效。方法 :2 4例患者术前经多普勒超声心动图检查 ASD直径为 6～ 30 (18.96± 7.0 3) m m。在透视及经超声心动图引导下经静脉置入Am platzer封堵器闭合 ASD。结果 :2 4例 ASD直径的球囊测量值为 15～ 36 (2 6 .2 5± 7.5 7) mm ,选择的封堵器直径为 14～ 36 (2 6 .5 2± 7.15 ) m m。 2 4例封堵器置入均获得成功 ,术中无并发症 ,1例在术后第 3天出现 度 型房室传导阻滞 ,2周后恢复。 7例术后即刻超声检查显示微量残余分流 ,术后 1周复查均无分流。结论 :经静脉置入 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 ASD是一种有效的非外科手术方法。     

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in adults with the Amplatzer septal occluder

OBJECTIVE—To assess the efficacy and complications of device occlusion of atrial septal defects in adults, using the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO).
DESIGN—A prospective interventional study.
SETTING—Paediatric cardiology departments in two European teaching hospitals.
PATIENTS—The first 20 patients accepted for atrial septal defect device occlusion, on the basis of transoesophageal echocardiography. Sixteen patients had larger defects with right heart dilatation, while the primary indication for closure in four was a history of early paradoxical embolism.
INTERVENTIONS—Transcatheter atrial septal defect occlusions performed under transoesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopic guidance between December 1996 and June 1998.
OUTCOME MEASURES—Success of deployment of ASO devices, procedure and fluoroscopic times, complications, and symptoms.
RESULTS—The ASO device was successfully implanted in all 20 patients (14 female), median age 44.2 years, with no complications. Of the 16 patients with right heart dilatation, the median Qp:Qs was 2.5:1. Defects measured 11-22 mm (median 18) on transoesophageal echocardiography, with balloon sized diameter (and device size) of 13-28 mm (median 20). For all 20 patients, the procedure time ranged from 38-78 minutes (median 61), and fluoroscopy 8.4-24.7 minutes (median 15.2). There were residual shunts in three patients at the end of the procedure, which were trivial ( 1 mm) as assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography, and persisted for more than six months in only one patient. Follow up ranged from 0.1-1.5 years (median 0.7). There have been no late complications.
CONCLUSIONS—The ASO device can be used successfully to close selected oval fossa defects in adults, with minimal procedural morbidity and excellent early results.


Keywords: atrial septal defect; interventional cardiac catheterisation; Amplatzer septal occluder     

Catheter closure of atrial septal and ventricular septal defects using the Amplatzer devices

The Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) is a device that combines the advantages of being a double-disc with a self-centering mechanism. It is the first and only device to ever receive full approval for clinical use in children and adults with secundum atrial septal defects (AD) from the United States Food and Drug Administration. It has been used successfully to close secundum ASDs, patent foramen avale and Fontan fenestrations. The first patient to undergo closure with the ASO was approximately 6 years ago. So far the mid-term results are very encouraging with no long-term complications for the presence of the device. Complications encountered with the use of the Amplatzer septal occluder are rare and most may be managed in the catheter laboratory. Most of the complications occur in the immediate period post-implantation. The Amplatzer muscular and membranous ventricular septal defect devices are still undergoing clinical trials in the United States; however, they are fully approved in many countries. Long-term results about safety and efficacy, as well as results involving larger defects are being collected.     

Ventricular septal defect of the neonate

Ventricular septal defect is the commonest congenital cardiac lesion and represents 30-40% of all congenital heart disease with a prevalence of 1.8 to 6.5 per 1000 births. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of neonates with ventricular septal defects and to deduce from the echocardiographic appearances in the first year of life a relationship between the initial anatomy and the outcome. Between January 2001 and July 2003, 89 children from the Auvergne region were followed up prospectively for an average period of 7.6 months. The study showed that the majority of muscular ventricular septal defects with a diameter of 3 mm and less progress to a reduction in size and spontaneous closure more commonly and at an earlier stage than perimembranous ventricular septal defects.     

Staged transcatheter closure of chronic postinfarction ventricular septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder

Ventricular septal rupture is a serious complication of myocardial infarction with an extremely poor outcome. There are single reports of transcatheter closure of postmyocardial septal defects and clinical experience is limited. This paper reports on a successful staged transcatheter closure of two chronic postmyocardial defects using the Amplatzer septal occluder in a 52-year-old male.     

Cardiac perforation after device closure of atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder

OBJECTIVES: Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO)-associated cardiac perforation (CP) at our institution prompted this retrospective review. BACKGROUND: Cardiac perforation is a rare complication after transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. METHODS: To identify CP after transcatheter ASD closure with ASO, cardiac events (CE) describing definite CP, hemopericardium, pericardial effusion, cardiovascular collapse, or sudden death were analyzed. Cardiac events were identified from published literature (MEDLINE), medical device regulating agencies in North America and the European Commission, and AGA Medical Corporation (Golden Valley, Minnesota). Institutional cases were reviewed. Cardiac events were defined as early (pre-discharge) or late (post-discharge). RESULTS: Twenty-nine CEs were identified. Five were excluded because findings were inconclusive for device-related CP. Ten patients were <18 years of age. Late CEs occurred in 66.6%; 25% presented weeks later (longest, three years). Three deaths were reported. Cardiac perforation occurred predominantly in the anterosuperior atrial walls and/or adjacent aorta. CONCLUSIONS: Amplatzer septal occluder-associated CP uniquely involves the anterosuperior atrial walls and adjacent aorta. Pathophysiology remains poorly understood.     

国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器的疗效比较

目的比较国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器在经导管室间隔缺损封堵术中的疗效。方法41例患儿采用Amplatzer封堵器,76例患儿采用国产封堵器进行室间隔缺损封堵术,对比两组的疗效、并发症和费用等情况。结果国产组75例封堵成功（成功率99%）,进口组40例封堵成功（成功率98%）。两组患儿术前各项临床指标、手术和X线曝光时间、封堵成功率及住院天数,术后各项并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义,两组患儿治疗前后左室舒张末径、收缩末径及C/T值减少程度无明显差异,治疗总费用进口组明显高于国产组。结论国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器相比较其疗效、并发症发生率无显著差异,治疗费用低,临床应用前景广泛。