中药蒲黄对循环系统作用研究现状

蒲黄系香蒲科、香蒲属,多种植物花粉,分生用和炒用,用于止痛、止血、行血。近年来研究发现,中药蒲黄具有多种药理作用,本文对中药蒲黄对循环系统作用研究现状做一简单综述,为深入研究作准备。1蒲黄对高脂血症及其损害的影响把兔随机分为正常对照组、高脂组及蒲黄组,均喂普通颗粒饲料,后两组加喂胆固醇和猪油[含胆固醇10%的猪油、5ml/(只·天)],其中,PT组增喂蒲黄16g/(只·天),饲养5周,测血脂、vWF、NO、MDA水平并观察主动脉弓血管壁组织形态学改变和测胸主动脉血管环的张力,结果显示,对照组血浆vWF、MDA水平升高,NO水平降低;蒲黄组除…     

蒲黄活性部位的药效学筛选研究

目的确定生蒲黄、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭止血作用主要活性部位。方法对生蒲黄、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭按不同溶剂极性及不同化学成分类型提取,以小鼠的止血时间为筛选指标对各部位进行筛选。结果蒲黄及炮制品的乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、总黄酮部位可明显缩短小鼠凝血时间。结论初步认为总黄酮部位为生蒲黄及其饮片止血作用的主要活性部位。      

炒蒲黄质量标准的研究

目的 考察目前流通环节中炒蒲黄的质量情况并建立炒蒲黄的质量标准.方法 从市场上收集16批炒蒲黄样品,参考2015年版《中国药典》一部“蒲黄”项下质量标准考察样品的各项指标,建立炒蒲黄的质量标准.结果 炒蒲黄药材的性状、显微、薄层色谱鉴别方法均具有很好的专属性.炒蒲黄药材的杂质、水分、灰分、酸不溶性灰分分别不得超过10.0％、10.0％、13.0％、4.0％;含香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-0-新橙皮苷的总质量分数不得低于0.26％.结论 建立了炒蒲黄药材质量标准,所建立的质量标准可用于炒蒲黄的质量控制.     

生蒲黄治疗高脂血症60例疗效观察

近几年来以生蒲黄治疗高脂血症89例，兹报道如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 选择门诊或住院的高脂血症患者60例，年龄38～75岁，平均56.5岁，合并高血压症患者5例，冠心病患者4例。经控制饮食3～4周后，复查血清胆固醇(CH)≥5.98 mmol／L或甘油三脂均在2.26～5.65 mmol／L，并排除由药物和内分泌疾病引起的血脂改变；随机分成3组：A组26例，以单味中药生蒲黄10 g，每日3次；B组29例，以脉通1片，每日3次；C组34例，以生蒲黄+脉通治……     

蒲黄及其混伪品的微性状鉴别

目的对市场上蒲黄的真伪优劣进行研究。方法采用中药微性状鉴定法和电脑识别技术对市场上收集的各批次蒲黄进行鉴别。结果市售的15个蒲黄检品中,1个是纯净的蒲黄,为正品;4个蒲黄样品带有花序碎片,可作为草蒲黄;其余蒲黄样品均不合格,不合格率达93%。结论蒲黄的质量问题主要是掺杂,利用中药微性状鉴定法可以对蒲黄及其混伪品进行鉴别。     

生蒲黄与炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭提取物对正常BALB/c小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

目的:比较生蒲黄与炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭提取物对正常BALB/c小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。方法:将正常BALB/c雄性小鼠,随机分为4组,即空白对照组、生蒲黄组、炒蒲黄组、蒲黄炭组。各药物组分别按0.15 m L/10g体重每天灌胃1次,连续15 d。空白对照组给予等体积蒸馏水。通过对正常BALB/c小鼠免疫器官指数、炭粒廓清实验、血清溶菌酶含量等非特异性免疫指标来检测上述药物对其影响。结果:生蒲黄对正常BALB/c小鼠无非特异性免疫作用;炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭组分别通过促进溶菌酶分泌、增加胸腺指数来增强免疫作用。结论:炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭对正常BALB/c小鼠具有增强非特异性免疫的作用。     

对“蒲黄炭”与“炒蒲黄”的管窥之见

蒲黄是化淤止血的常用中药。使用上有生熟(炒)之分,俗有“生用活血,炒则止血”之说。其炮制品历代有三种:一蒲黄生品;二炒蒲黄;三炒蒲黄炭。但《药典》和我省炮制规范,只收载了“生品”与“蒲黄炭”而没有“炒蒲黄”。现在中药房上也只有生蒲黄和蒲黄炭二种供应,对处方医生炒蒲黄,统以蒲黄炭配方。为此,笔者就此问题谈点管窥之见。供参考。     

蒲黄的透皮吸收特性

正在护理工作中,蒲黄及其配方常用于外敷治疗压疮和药物注射导致的皮下硬结等皮肤病变,具有很好的效果。笔者查阅国内外文献未见蒲黄透皮吸收速率的相关报道,为明确蒲黄的透皮吸收机制,我们对蒲黄的主要成分为黄酮[1]进行了透皮吸收实验,观察蒲黄的透皮吸收特性,为蒲黄的外敷疗效评价提供实验依据。     

蒲黄、松花粉相互掺伪的鉴别

目的鉴别相互掺伪的蒲黄及松花粉。方法采用显微镜观察蒲黄及松花粉花粉粒的特征。结果蒲黄花粉粒表面有网状雕纹和有凸状波纹等;而松花粉的花粉粒表面光滑且两侧各有一膨大的气囊等。结论蒲黄、松花粉二者来源不同,功效各异,应分别使用,对症下药,不能混淆。     

蒲黄的化学成分和药理活性研究进展

蒲黄具有活血化瘀,止血定痛的功效,常用于治疗各类出血或是瘀血闭阻病证。文章综述了国内外对蒲黄的化学成分、药理活性及其临床应用等方面的研究进展,探讨了蒲黄的开发应用前景。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.