关节镜下经髁间窝入路保留残留PCL纤维和板股韧带重建PCL

目的探讨关节镜下经髁间窝入路保留残留后交叉韧带(PCL)纤维和板股韧带重建PCL的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2012-04—2014-10诊治的18例PCL损伤,在关节镜下单纯经髁间窝入路保留残留PCL纤维和板股韧带重建PCL。股骨隧道经前外侧入路建立并定位于距股骨髁间线软骨面约1.2 cm、距远点关节软骨面约0.8 cm处,胫骨隧道定位于胫骨后缘下1.0~1.5 cm处。移植物穿过骨隧道后股骨端用Endobutton悬吊固定,胫骨端用Bio-Intrafix及Staple门形钉固定。结果本组手术时间45~92(64.16±13.15)min。术后切口均一期愈合,X线及CT片显示骨隧道形态良好,内固定位置满意。18例均获得随访,随访时间12~18(15.66±2.06)个月。术前膝关节功能Lysholm评分19~46(31.56±8.82)分,术后12个月87~97(92.55±3.42)分;术后12个月膝关节功能Lysholm评分较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=45.450,P0.001)。结论关节镜下经髁间窝入路保留PCL残留纤维及板股韧带重建PCL操作简单且安全,可获得良好的手术视野,重建韧带的止点定位准确,术后短期效果良好。     

关节镜下自体双束半腱肌股薄肌腱重建后交叉韧带

目的关节镜下应用自体半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱双束股骨双隧道重建膝后交叉韧带(PCL),并探讨其近期临床效果。方法采用自体半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱双束股骨双隧道重建膝后交叉韧带29例。结果随访时间12～26个月,平均16个月。本组29例术后PDT试验(-)9例,( )19例,( )1例;IKDC评分正常9例,接近正常17例,不正常3例;Lysholm评分:优20例,良6例,中3例。膝关节伸直受限2例,均小于10°。膝关节屈曲活动正常者20例,5例屈曲受限小于10°,3例小于20°,1例30°。术前屈膝30°和90°时KT-2000测定胫骨后移分别为(13.2±2.8)mm和(13.9±3.2)mm,术后分别为(4.0±0.4)mm和(4.4±0.5)mm,术前、术后二者比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论关节镜下应用自体半腱股薄肌腱双束重建后交叉韧带更加符合PCL的解剖重建和生理学功能,稳定性好,疗效肯定。     

经前交叉韧带腋下胫骨定位的后交叉韧带重建术

[目的]介绍关节镜下经前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)腋下胫骨定位的后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament, PCL)重建术的技术及初步疗效。[方法] 2016年3月～2018年11月,对20例后交叉韧带断裂患者采用关节镜下经ACL腋下定位胫骨骨道,保残重建后交叉韧带。术中保留PCL残束,经前入路由内向外建立PCL股骨隧道,经ACL腋下置入胫骨隧道定位器,在后内入口观察下,于PCL止点平台下建立胫骨隧道。将移植腱由胫骨前侧经胫骨隧道拉入、再引入股骨隧道,股骨侧悬吊固定,拉紧移植物,胫骨侧挤压螺钉和"n"形钉固定。[结果]所有患者均顺利手术,无严重并发症。随访1年以上,Lysholm评分从术前(38.75±14.52)分显著增加至术后1年(93.70±4.23)分(P0.05)。影像测量后向应力胫骨后移由术前(10.81±3.07) mm减少至术后1年(3.86±1.10) mm (P0.05)。[结论]经ACL腋下定位胫骨骨道重建PCL,能精确的偏下偏外定位胫骨骨道;并可以最大程度的保留PCL残端,有利于重建术后韧带的愈合。     

关节镜下保留残存纤维结合七股自体腘绳肌腱单束重建后交叉韧带

目的研究膝关节镜下保留残存后交叉韧带(PCL)纤维结合7股自体腘绳肌腱单束重建PCL的临床效果。方法对13例PCL损伤,采用胫骨隧道技术结合7股自体腘绳肌腱进行单束重建,术中保留残存PCL纤维,移植物使用悬吊式固定,手术前后采用Lysholm膝关节功能评价表和Tegner下肢运动能力评价表进行评估,并了解患者膝关节的稳定性、活动度。结果所有患者随访12～36个月,术前和术后12个月Lysholm评分分别为(50.20±8.32)分和(87.23±4.20)分(P<0.05),Tegner评分分别为(2.03±0.33)分和(4.11±0.13)分(P<0.05)。术后12个月后抽屉试验阴性7例,Ⅰ度阳性5例,Ⅱ度阳性1例,所有患膝运动能力均较术前有所改善。结论关节镜下采用经胫骨隧道技术保留残存纤维结合7股自体腘绳肌腱单束重建PCL是一种恢复膝关节稳定性和功能的可靠方法。     

单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建后交叉韧带

目的 探讨单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定在重建后交叉韧带(PCL)中应用的可行性及近期疗效.方法 对16例PCL损伤患者行关节镜下单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix PCL重建术.采用膝关节镜前内入路(AM)建立股骨隧道,胫骨端用PCL瞄准器建立隧道.股骨端采用Femoral-Intrafix固定,将腘绳肌腱分为前外侧束及后内侧束.通过旋转胫骨端移植物,将移植物调整为生理的双束位置,采用Bio-Intrafix固定胫骨端.结果 16例均获随访,时间8～14(11.81 ±1.91)个月.未见滑膜炎、韧带断裂等并发症发生.根据Lysholm 膝关节功能评分:术前为20 ～47(32.63±8.03)分,术后8个月为85 ～97(91.44 ±3.72)分,差异有统计学意义(t=44.20,P＜0.01).结论 单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建PCL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,近期效果满意.     

关节镜下股骨端保留骨量界面螺钉固定和胫骨端Intrafix系统固定在腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带中应用

目的探讨关节镜下股骨端保留骨量界面螺钉固定和胫骨端Intrafix系统固定在腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带(PCL)中应用的可行性及近期疗效。方法用腘绳肌腱对31例PCL损伤患者行关节镜下PCL重建术。采用PCL重建技术钻胫骨、股骨骨道,将腘绳肌腱拉入骨道,股骨端用1枚界面螺钉固定并保留隧道内上方的骨皮质,胫骨端用Intrafix固定韧带。结果手术时间40～90(60.16±14.05)min。无滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动明显受限等并发症。31例均获随访,时间12～18(15.74±2.13)个月。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前19～49(30.77±11.62)分;术后88～98(92.94±2.26)分(t=28.65,P0.01)。结论关节镜下股骨端保留骨量界面螺钉固定和胫骨端Intrafix系统固定在腘绳肌腱重建PCL操作简便,固定牢固,效果可靠。     

保留残端半腱肌和股薄肌双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下半腱肌股薄肌保留残端双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法回顾自2006年1月～2008年1月,本组在关节镜下联合应用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL患者20例其中男18例,女2例,年龄17～46岁(平均31.5岁)。取腱器分别切取半腱肌、股薄肌编织成股,保留前叉韧带在股骨、胫骨的附着点残端,于ACL前内侧束和后外侧束附着部分别钻隧道,用半腱肌腱重建前内侧束,股薄肌腱重建后外侧束,以enderbutton悬吊固定股骨端,挤压螺钉固定胫骨端肌腱。所有患者术前及术后12个月行前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、Lysholm评分方法评定膝关节功能。结果术后随访14～48个月,平均31个月。术前患者前抽屉试验均为阳性,Lachman试验阳性13例,术后前抽屉试验3例屈膝60°位阳性,1例屈膝30°位阳性,其余均转阴性。5例Lachman试验仍阳性,但患者术后无膝关节不稳。2例患者术后胫骨前伤口瘢痕红肿凸起,给予切开引流后良好愈合。用Lysholm膝关节功能评分法评定术后疗效,术前评分为38～49分,平均43.5分,术后14个月为69～92分,平均80.5分,优13例,良5例,可2例,优良率为90.0%。结论应用自体肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL,术后膝关节动态稳定性好,疗效满意。     

保留交叉韧带前内侧束或后外侧束与残端重建ACL的价值

[目的]探讨保留交叉韧带(anterior erueiate ligament,ACL)部分束支与残端纤维对前交叉韧带(ACL)重建的价值.[方法]前交叉韧带损伤89例,其中运动伤32例,训练伤24例,交通事故伤23例,生活中扭伤10例.关节镜下发现ACL在股骨髁间窝处断裂24例,胫骨髁间止点断裂28例,ACL前内侧束(AMB)断裂14例,后外侧束(PLB)断裂23例.采用保留ACL残端四股胭绳肌腱结嵌压固定法重建32例,自体带髌骨块的股四头肌腱嵌压固定法重建20例;保留ACL前内侧束和后外侧束双股胭绳肌腱结嵌压固定重建37例.胫骨端采用界面钉固定和在胫骨桥上肌腱缝线打结固定.[结果]术后均得到随访,时间14～37个月,平均25个月,术后膝关节稳定性增强,Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前平均67.5分,终末随访平均95.2分,术后提高27.7分.Rulermetr测试胫骨位移距离4 mm±3 mm 72例,6 mm±2 mm 17例;Lachman试验阴性79例,弱阳性8例,阳性2例.按膝关节疗效评定标准,优76例,良13例.[结论]保留交叉韧带前内侧束或后外侧束与残端重建ACL,有助于移植肌腱再血管化及爬行替代和本体感觉建立,有利于维持膝关节稳定性.     

关节镜下股骨双隧道双束腘绳肌肌腱重建后十字韧带

目的探讨关节镜下采用可吸收界面螺钉固定双束腘绳肌肌腱,股骨双隧道重建后十字韧带(PCL)的方法和疗效。方法24例PCL损伤患者,年龄为17￣42岁,平均32岁。在关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定,股骨双隧道胫骨单隧道双束腘绳肌肌腱重建PCL。3股半腱肌肌腱在屈膝15°￣30°位拉紧、固定,重建前外侧束;3股股薄肌肌腱在屈膝60°￣70°位拉紧、固定,重建后内侧束。结果24例患者术后随访6￣19个月,平均9.4个月。术后膝关节活动度均在正常范围,无疼痛,无创伤性关节炎。后抽屉试验、反向Lachman试验、胫骨结节塌陷征和反向轴移试验均为阴性,术后Lysholm评分为(92.7±6.4)分,较术前(49.4±9.3)分有显著提高(t=3.12,P<0.01)。术后Tegner活动评分为(6.7±1.4)分,较术前(3.2±0.9)分有显著提高(t=3.13,P<0.01)。结论股骨双隧道胫骨单隧道双束自体腘绳肌肌腱重建PCL能够较好的重建膝关节在不同伸屈角度的稳定性。生物可降解螺钉为PCL重建的理想的内固定材料。     

保留残端自体绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的：探讨保留残端自体绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效。方法15例患者经关节镜检查证实为ACL损伤,其中完全断裂12例,部分束支断裂3例。对ACL完全断裂的残端稍作清理后予以保留,部分束支断裂的残留束支予以保留,同时对断裂束支的残端予以保留,采用自体四股绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带,股骨端采用Endobutton固定,胫骨端采用界面螺钉固定。结果患者均获得随访,时间9～12个月。患者膝关节稳定性均增强。Lysholm 膝关节功能评分：术前56～76（63±8.11）分,术后86～100（94±6.31）分。Lachman试验阴性12例,弱阳性3例。末次随访时膝关节活动度达120°～160°（140°±3.15°）,15例患者均恢复伤前运动水平。结论 ACL重建术中残端的保留有助于重建韧带的再血管化、腱骨愈合及本体感觉的建立,术后膝关节功能恢复满意。     

Arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the posterior trans-septal portal

We describe an arthroscopic technique for the reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), while preserving the remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, using the posterior trans-septal portal. The posterior trans-septal portal provides an excellent visualization of the PCL tibial attachment and an easy access to the tibial tunnel without injuring any neurovascular structure. The remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, which significantly contributes to the posterior stability of the knee joint, are preserved to be healed with a graft and subsequently form an integrated structure. We report a new arthroscopic technique for an effective reconstruction of the PCL, using the posterior trans-septal portal.     

Relationship of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle to the posterior cricoid lamina.

OBJECTIVE: Early experiments in functional electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) in human beings have involved placement of the electrode along the undersurface of the PCA. The anatomy of the posterior cricoid lamina (PCL) was examined to obtain a quantitative understanding of this region. METHODS: Thirty fresh-frozen cadaver larynges were dissected. Measurements of the cricoid cartilage and PCA were obtained with a caliper or calibrated probe. RESULTS: Twenty male and 10 female adult larynges were examined. Sex differences were found for the height of the PCL. All larynges had approximately 4 mm of exposed cartilage along the inferior surface of the PCL. The origin of the PCA on the PCL was thinner in the medial-vertical attachment than in the inferior-horizontal. The average inferolateral to superomedial diagonal width of the PCA was 4 mm greater in the male than in the female larynges. Asymmetry between the left and right sides was seen. CONCLUSIONS: The PCA can be divided into 2 muscle groups based on its origin on the PCL as well as its insertion into the muscular process of the arytenoid. The quantitative information obtained has implications for electrode design and placement for laryngeal stimulation.     

Minimal-invasive posterior approach in the treatment of the posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum

We examined patients affected by a posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum treated with a minimally invasive posterior approach (from 12 to 18 cm). During 2004–2006 19 patients were treated by this approach. 4 patients had a combined surgery by the ileo-inguinal approach. Fracture fixation was performed using reconstruction plates and screws. All the patients were studied with typical X-rays projection for pelvis and iliac oblique view and obturator oblique view (Judet view) and CT scan with 3D reconstruction. After 3 months a CT scan was performed on about 30% of our patients, which demonstrated the perfect healing of the fractures. The most important advantages we observed using this approach were a lesser split of the gluteus maximus and no risk of damage for the superior gluteal nerve. In the early post-operative rehabilitation we examined the trophism of the gluteus maximus, which was found to be better than in patients treated with the typical Kocher–Langenbeck approach. The only absolute contraindication for this technique is in obese patients. The post-operative complications include one case of heterotypic ossification of the gluteus minimus and one case of peroneal-nerve palsy with the spontaneous and complete recovery within 6 months. According to our experience this kind of approach could be used for posterior wall fracture of the pelvis and it can be extended to transverse fractures. In the post-operative period the greatest advantage is the lesser muscle damage and therefore a most effective rehabilitation.     

Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Anterior versus posterior approach

Background:

The optimal approach to provide satisfactory decompression and minimize complications for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involving multiple levels (3 levels or more) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of two surgical approaches for cervical OPLL involving multiple levels; anterior direct decompression and fixation, and posterior indirect decompression and fixation. We present a retrospective review of 56 cases followed at a single Institution.

Materials and Methods:

We compared patients of multiple levels cervical OPLL that were treated at a single institution either with anterior direct decompression and fixation or with posterior indirect decompression and fixation. The clinical records of the patients with a minimum duration of follow-up of 2 years were reviewed. The associated complications were recorded.

Results:

Fifty-six patients constitute the clinical material. 26 cases were treated by anterior corpectomy and fixation and 30 cases received posterior laminectomy and fixation. The two populations were similar. It was found that both anterior and posterior decompression and fixation can achieve satisfactory outcomes, and posterior surgery was accomplished in a shorter period of time with lesser blood loss. Although patients had comparable preoperative Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) scores, those with a canal occupancy by OPLL more than 50% and managed anteriorly had better outcomes. However, for those with more severe stenosis, anterior approach was more difficult and associated with higher risks and complications. Despite its limitations in patients with high occupancy OPLLs, through the multiple level laminectomy, posterior fixation can achieve effective decompression, maintaining or restoring stability of the cervical spine, and thereby improving neural outcome and preventing the progression of OPLL.

Conclusions:

The posterior indirect decompression and fixation has now been adopted as the primary treatment for cervical OPLL involving multiple levels with the canal occupancy by OPLL <50% at our institution because this approach leads to significantly less implant failures. Those patients with the occupancy ≥50% managed with anterior approach surgeries had better outcomes, but approach was more difficult and associated with higher risk and complications.     

Arthroscopic approach to the posterior compartment of the knee using a posterior transseptal portal

Arthroscopic surgery of the posterior compartment of the knee is difficult when only two anterior portals are used for access because of the inaccessibility of the back of the knee. Since its introduction, the posterior transseptal portal has been widely employed to access lesions in the posterior compartment. However, special care should be taken to avoid neurovascular injuries around the posteromedial, posterolateral, and transseptal portals. Most importantly, popliteal vessel injury should be avoided when creating and using the transseptal portal during surgery. Purpose of the present study is to describe how to avoid the neurovascular injuries during establishing the posterior three portals and to introduce our safer technique to create the transseptal portal. To date, we have performed arthroscopic surgeries via the transseptal portal in the posterior compartments of 161 knees and have not encountered nerve or vascular injury. In our procedure, the posterior septum is perforated with a 1.5-3.0-mm Kirschner wire that is protected by a sheath inserted from the posterolateral portal and monitored from the posteromedial portal to avoid popliteal vessel injury.