茜素型蒽醌化合物体外Pig-a基因突变性试验研究

目的 对具有相同母核结构的7种茜素型蒽醌化合物开展体外Pig-a基因突变试验，分析不同茜素型蒽醌化合物取代基结构与其致突变性的关联。方法 小鼠淋巴瘤细胞L5178Y（tk^+/--3.7.2.C）分别与系列浓度的茜草素、异茜草素、甲基异茜草素、羟基茜草素、甲基异茜草素-1-甲醚、茜草素-1-甲醚和光泽汀作用4 h（有S9）或24 h（无S9），给药24 h后应用细胞计数仪进行计数，计算细胞相对倍增速率（RPD）评价受试物细胞毒性；细胞培养8 d后经APC-anti-CD45和PE-antiCD90.2抗体孵育后，使用流式细胞仪检测细胞突变（CD45⁺CD90.2^-）率。结果 所有受试物在有或无代谢活化条件下所设浓度组RPD均大于50%，未见明显细胞毒性作用，可排除试验中假阳性结果。在无S9代谢活化条件下，光泽汀（16 μg· mL^-1）组、羟基茜草素（10 μg· mL^-1）组、甲基异茜草素-1-甲醚（31.25 μg·mL^-1）组Pig-a基因突变率与溶媒对照组比较显著升高（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）；在有S9代谢活化条件下，光泽汀（4、8 μg· mL^-1）、羟基茜草素（10 μg· mL^-1）、茜草素-1-甲醚（3.75、15.00 μg· mL^-1）、甲基异茜草素（12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0 μ g · mL^-1）、甲基异茜草素-1-甲醚（15、30、60 μ g · mL^-1）、异茜草素（2.50、5.00 μg·mL^-1）组Pig-a基因突变率与溶媒对照组比较显著升高（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。结论 羟基取代基所在位点是茜素型蒽醌化合物致突变性强弱的决定性因素，其体内致突变性有待进一步确证。     

UHPLC测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分含量及化学模式分析

目的 建立UHPLC波长切换法同时测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分的含量方法。方法 采用Agilent Ecilipse C₁₈（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6 μm）色谱柱,流动相：甲醇-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL·min^-1;检测波长：327,237,320,345,278,254 nm;柱温30℃;进样量2 μL;并采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对含量测定结果进行主成分分析与聚类分析。结果 绿原酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、栀子苷、甘草苷、阿魏酸、盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷线性范围分别为4.30~68.80 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）、6.66~106.56 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、7.67~122.72 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、4.88~78.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、2.37~37.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、6.50~103.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、8.85~141.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、0.88~14.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、0.74~11.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）;平均加样回收率（n=9）均在99.42%~103.10%,RSD均<2.0%。主成分分析与聚类分析均可将不同生产厂家的芎菊上清丸很好地分类,且分类结果一致。结论 所建立的多成分方法快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于芎菊上清丸的质量控制。     

不同干燥与提取方式处理的人源胎盘防治贫血活性差异研究

目的 评价经不同干燥与提取方式处理后的人源胎盘样品对斑马鱼贫血模型的影响。方法 取健康产妇新鲜胎盘，经-40℃冷却后于真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥，研磨成粉，制成胎盘冻干粉；取健康产妇的新鲜胎盘，于90℃热风循环烘箱中烘干，研磨成粉，制成胎盘烘干粉。胎盘冻干粉或烘干粉分别经胰蛋白酶酶解提取、梯度溶剂（依次为水、50%乙醇水、无水乙醇、二氯甲烷）提取。发育至56 h（56 hpf）的健康野生型AB系斑马鱼分为对照组、模型组、给药组，对照组给予斑马鱼养殖水，模型组给予0.1 μg·mL^-1苯肼溶液制备贫血模型，给药组给予苯肼与胎盘冻干粉或烘干粉各提取样品，样品质量浓度分别为10、20、50、100 μg·mL^-1，培养至3 dpf，采用O-dianisidine染色法对斑马鱼进行红细胞染色。结果 与对照组比较，模型组红细胞染色积分吸光度显著下降（P＜0.001）。与模型组比较，胎盘冻干粉酶解样品100 μg·mL^-1组，水提样品10、20、50、100 μg·mL^-1组，醇提样品20、100 μg·mL^-1组，50%醇提样品10、20 μg·mL^-1组，二氯甲烷提取样品10、20、50、100 μg·mL^-1组红细胞染色积分吸光度显著增加（P＜0.05、0.001）；胎盘冻干粉酶解样品20 μg·mL^-1组，水提样品10、20 μg·mL^-1组，醇提样品20、50、100 μg·mL^-1组，二氯甲烷提取样品50、100 μg·mL^-1组红细胞染色积分吸光度显著增加（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）。经酶解、水提取及二氯甲烷提取的胎盘冻干粉样品和经水提取、醇提取及二氯甲烷提取的胎盘烘干粉样品作用呈浓度相关性，其中冻干粉水提取样品100 μg·mL^-1效果最佳，染色后的红细胞积分吸光度达到对照组的94.77%。结论 人源胎盘样品处理方式可优先选择冻干技术结合水提取方式。     

HPLC同时测定通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的含量

目的 建立通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的HPLC测定方法。方法 采用Welch Ultimate XD-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,双波长检测（282,305 nm）,柱温35℃,流速1.0 mL·min^-1。结果 丹参素、丹酚酸B、原儿茶醛、葛根素和阿魏酸的线性范围分别为3.117~62.33 μg·mL^-1（r=0.998 7）,4.044~80.88 μg·mL^-1（r=0.9985）,1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.997 9）,7.964~159.3 μg·mL^-1（r=0.992 8）,1.980~39.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）;平均回收率分别为101.6%（RSD=1.62%）,99.7%（RSD=1.76%）,97.4%（RSD=1.19%）,99.9%（RSD=1.52%）,102.2%（RSD=1.56%）。结论 该方法操作简便、快速,结果准确,可用于通脉颗粒的质量控制。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱,流动相乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;流速0.9 mL·min^-1;检测波长分别为320 nm[检测远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖]、203 nm （检测人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ）和254 nm （检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素）;柱温25℃。结果 远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素分别在2.070~41.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、3.860~77.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）、11.29~225.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、5.070~101.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、19.86~397.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.960 0~19.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）、0.670 0~13.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、2.580~51.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.04%,99.26%,99.05%,97.42%,100.0%,98.27%,97.81%,96.84%和99.86%,RSD分别为1.28%,0.82%,1.43%,1.43%,0.86%,1.26%,1.38%,1.16%和0.69%。结论 本方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,能够对心神安胶囊中9种成分进行同时含量测定,为提高和完善心神安胶囊的质量标准提供了有效方法。     

淫羊藿苷对脂多糖诱导成骨细胞骨架F-actin损伤的保护作用

目的 考察淫羊藿苷对成骨细胞骨架F-actin损伤的保护作用及其对相关信号通路的调控。方法 采用脂多糖诱导大鼠成骨细胞损伤模型。实验分为空白对照组、模型组和0.1,1,10 μg·mL^-1淫羊藿苷组,MTT法观察淫羊藿苷对成骨细胞活性的影响,TRITC-Phalloidin荧光染色观察淫羊藿苷对细胞骨架的影响,ELISA法测定各组成骨细胞中F-actin的含量,RT-PCR法测定细胞骨架Rho A和Cofilin的mRNA表达量。结果 与空白对照组比较,100 μg·mL^-1脂多糖能显著降低成骨细胞存活率（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,1~10μg·mL^-1淫羊藿苷预处理后能显著提高细胞存活率（P<0.05或P<0.01）;而0.1 μg·mL^-1淫羊藿苷则无显著影响。与模型组比较,1~10μg·mL^-1淫羊藿苷能显著抑制成骨细胞F-actin解聚（P<0.05）,抑制Rho A的mRNA表达（P<0.05或P<0.01）,0.1~10 μg·mL^-1淫羊藿苷能抑制Cofilin的mRNA表达（P<0.01）。结论 淫羊藿苷对脂多糖诱导的细胞骨架F-actin损伤具有保护作用,其机制与抑制细胞骨架相关因子Rho A和Cofilin的mRNA表达有关。     

基于斑马鱼的香青兰总黄酮整体发育急性毒性评价研究

目的 利用模式生物斑马鱼研究香青兰总黄酮（TFDM）整体发育急性毒性。方法 采用发育至48 h的斑马鱼暴露于5、10、20、40、42、44、46、48、50、100 μg·mL^-1的TFDM,分别于暴露后24、48 h（24、48 hpe）,计算死亡率、半数死亡浓度（LC₅₀）值;测量每组斑马鱼幼鱼的体长,进行形态学观察并评分;显微镜下观察斑马鱼心脏形态并拍照,记录心率,使用Image-Pro Plus 5.1测量斑马鱼静脉窦-动脉球（SV-BA）距离;显微镜下观察各组斑马鱼是否有体侧水肿来判断TFDM对肾脏的影响并拍照;应用肝脏标记绿色荧光的转基因斑马鱼Tg （L-FABP∶EGFP）,通过检测肝脏荧光强度和面积,观察TFDM对肝脏毒性的影响。结果 TFDM的24 hpe LC₅₀为50 μg·mL^-1,48 hpe LC₅₀为48 μg·mL^-1,100 μg·mL^-1 TFDM组斑马鱼幼鱼全部死亡。与空白对照组比较,20 μg·mL^-1以下的TFDM对斑马鱼的形态和心、肝、肾各脏器无影响;20 μg·mL^-1浓度的TFDM处理斑马鱼48 h导致个别斑马鱼鱼鳔体积减小或缺失,对其他脏器无显著影响;40 μg·mL^-1的TFDM导致斑马鱼出现轻微的心包水肿,处理48 h以后斑马鱼体长显著减小（P＜0.01）,形态评分显著下降（P＜0.01）,斑马鱼的肝脏形态出现轻微变化,但肝脏荧光强度和肝脏荧光面积无显著性变化,对肾脏无影响;暴露在50 μg·mL^-1的TFDM中24 h,斑马鱼出现心包水肿,心率显著下降（P＜0.05）,肝脏荧光强度和面积显著减小（P＜0.05）,肾脏无明显变化。结论 TFDM对斑马鱼的毒性较小,低浓度（≤10 μg·mL^-1）的TFDM对斑马鱼无毒性;中浓度（20 μg·mL^-1）下TFDM对斑马鱼的毒性微弱,仅导致部分斑马鱼鱼鳔体积减小或缺失,对其他各脏器无毒性;高浓度（≥40 μg·mL^-1及以上）下有轻微的心脏毒性和肝脏毒性,在临床应用中有必要合理控制用量。     

基于体外Pig-a基因突变试验的大黄素型蒽醌致突变风险评价

目的 对相同母核结构的8种大黄素型蒽醌类化合物开展体外Pig-a基因突变试验，分析不同大黄素型蒽醌结构与致突变性的关联。方法 L1578Y细胞分别与系列浓度的大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚、大黄酸、羟基大黄素、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和芦荟大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷作用4 h（有S9）或24 h（无S9），给药24 h后应用细胞计数板进行计数，计算细胞相对倍增速率（RPD）评价受试物细胞毒性；细胞表达8 d后经APC-anti-CD45和PE-anti-CD90.2标定后，使用流式细胞仪检测突变细胞（CD45^＋CD90^－）发生率。结果 所有受试物在有或无S9代谢活化条件下所设浓度组RPD均大于50%，未见明显细胞毒性作用，可排除试验中假阳性结果。在非S9代谢活化条件下芦荟大黄素25 μg·mL^-1组Pig-a基因突变率与溶媒对照组比较显著升高（P<0.001）； S9代谢活化条件下，与溶剂对照组比较，大黄素50 μg·mL^-1组，羟基大黄素6.25、12.5、25 μg·mL^-1组，大黄酚25、50、100 μg·mL^-1组和大黄酸12.5、25、50 μg·mL^-1组Pig-a基因突变率显著升高（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。结论 羟基取代基的多寡及所在位点是蒽醌类化合物致突变性强弱的决定性因素，其体内致突变性及致癌性作用仍需进行大量体内研究证实。     

瑞香素对三阴性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的抑制作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨瑞香素对三阴性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用及其潜在机制。方法 体外培养MDA-MB-231细胞，随机分为对照组和瑞香素10，20，40 μg·mL^–1组。以MTT法检测细胞的增殖情况；通过克隆形成试验检测各组MDA-MB-231细胞克隆形成情况；划痕试验及Transwell观测细胞迁移和侵袭情况；Western blotting检测Vimentin、MMP9、Cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白表达量。结果 与对照组相比，瑞香素组（10，20，40 μg·mL^–1）显著抑制细胞增殖（P<0.05或P<0.01）；瑞香素组（10，20，40 μg·mL^–1）可以抑制人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的克隆形成（P<0.01）；瑞香素组（20，40 μg·mL^–1）细胞的迁移能力和侵袭能力显著下降（P<0.01）；瑞香素组（20，40 μg·mL^–1）细胞Vimentin、MMP9、Cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.01）。结论 瑞香素可以抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力，其作用机制可能与下调Vimentin、MMP9、Cyclin D1、CDK4的表达有关。     

HPLC波长切换联合梯度洗脱法同时测定参苏宣肺丸中的6种成分

目的 建立HPLC波长切换联合梯度洗脱法同时测定参苏宣肺丸中咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的含量。方法 采用ZOBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相A为甲醇-乙腈（1：1）,流动相B为0.1%冰醋酸溶液,进行梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;咖啡酸和迷迭香酸的检测波长为320 nm,3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素和大豆苷的检测波长为250 nm;进样量为20 μL。结果 咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的浓度与峰面积分别在2.32~46.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、3.06~61.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、4.45~89.00 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、14.48~289.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、4.86~97.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、3.69~73.80 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）内具有较好的线性关系,平均加样回收率和相应的RSD分别为99.0%（1.6%）,97.5%（0.6%）,99.3%（0.9%）,98.6%（1.3%）,97.6%（1.3%）,97.0%（0.9%）。结论 方法操作准确、简便,可用于参苏宣肺丸的质量控制。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。