内外路手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离后黄斑前膜生成的比较与分析

目的 观察巩膜扣带术和玻璃体切除术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离后黄斑前膜的发生情况.方法 回顾性分析研究.筛选我院2013年8月至2014年12月入院诊断为“孔源性视网膜脱离”的患者70例(70只眼),均为有经验的同一组术者行巩膜扣带术或玻璃体切除术,根据其所接受的不同术式划分为A组(行巩膜扣带术)及B组(行玻璃体切除术),术后所有患者均在同一时间点接受相干光断层扫描(OCT)检查,并进行统计分析.结果 OCT检查两组视网膜黄斑区纤维增生膜的发生率,差异有显著性.结论 对于孔源性视网膜脱离,内路玻璃体切除术较之外路巩膜扣带术,有更高的术后黄斑前膜发生率.     

两种不同手术方式治疗孔源性视网膜脱离疗效分析

目的:探讨累及黄斑区的孔源性视网膜脱离行巩膜扣带术和玻璃体切割术黄斑下积液的发生率及对术后视力的影响。方法:将31例31眼孔源性视网膜脱离患者分为两组,A组15例15眼行巩膜扣带术,B组16例16眼行玻璃体切割术。术后1,3,6mo行视力、眼底及OCT检查。结果:术后1mo间接眼底镜检查所有患眼视网膜复位,矫正视力B组好于A组。术后3,6mo两组间无明显差异。OCT检查术后1mo两组黄斑下积液的发生率,差异有显著性。随时间延长,A组黄斑下积液逐渐消失。结论:巩膜扣带术后常见黄斑下积液,两组远期术后视力无明显差异。     

巩膜扣带术与玻璃体切割术治疗累及黄斑的孔源性视网膜脱离后对黄斑结构改变及视力预后的影响

背景 视网膜脱离患者在成功完成视网膜复位手术后并不能很快恢复视力,其原因目前尚不十分清楚. 目的 比较累及黄斑的孔源性视网膜脱离患者巩膜扣带术和玻璃体切割术后黄斑椭圆体区完整性、黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层下积液的发生率及留存时间,探讨黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层下积液存留对视力预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月于北京大学人民医院眼科确诊的孔源性视网膜脱离患者66例66眼的病例资料,按手术方式分为巩膜扣带术组和玻璃体切割术组,记录2个组患者病程、屈光状态、最佳矫正视力LogMAR、有无合并症等,观察黄斑区神经上皮下积液存留时间及黄斑椭圆体区完整性,计算2个组在术后1个月时黄斑区神经上皮下积液的发生率. 结果 术前巩膜扣带术组及玻璃体切割术组间年龄、性别、病程、屈光度及LogMAR视力差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).巩膜扣带术组视网膜下积液平均存留(96±60)d,玻璃体切割术组为(21±6)d,差异有统计学意义(t=7.966,P=0.000).术后1个月时,巩膜扣带术组黄斑区神经上皮下积液发生率为78.6％,大于玻璃体切割术组的12.5％,差异有统计学意义(x2=26.891,P=0.000),巩膜扣带术组黄斑区神经上皮下积液完全吸收患者与未完全吸收患者LogMAR视力比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.185,P=0.003);术后6个月时,巩膜扣带术组与玻璃体切割术组LogMAR视力比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.876,P--0.065),巩膜扣带术组黄斑区神经上皮下积液完全吸收患者与未完全吸收患者LogMAR视力比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.755,P=0.087).视网膜神经上皮下积液吸收后,2个组内黄斑椭圆体区连续患者与椭圆体区缺失患者LogMAR视力比较,差异均有统计学意义(巩膜扣带术组:t=2.555,P=0.015;玻璃体切割术组:t=4.005,P=0.001). 结论 椭圆体区受损程度与视网膜脱离时间有关,而椭圆体区的完整性明显影响患者的视力预后.对于累及黄斑的孔源性视网膜脱离患者,玻璃体切割术后视网膜神经上皮下积液吸收较巩膜扣带术快;视网膜神经上皮下积液的存留延缓视力的恢复,手术方式对最终的视力恢复影响不大.     

孔源性视网膜脱离术后黄斑形态和视力的研究

目的 观察孔源性视网膜脱离修复术后黄斑区视网膜形态及术后视力恢复情况并研究影响术后视力的相关因素.方法 收集行玻璃体手术或巩膜扣带术成功复位病例,所有病例病程少于1个月,按术前视网膜脱离是否累及黄斑区进行分类,术前和术后均行眼科常规检查和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查,随访半年.结果 共收集孔源性视网膜脱离101只眼,其中脱离累及黄斑区为78只眼.行玻璃体手术为36只眼,巩膜扣带术为65只眼,术后半年内均未发生并发症.术后一个月时复查OCT,在玻璃体手术组和巩膜扣带术组分别有55.56％和72.31％的患眼存在黄斑区视网膜形态异常,其中神经上皮层下积液多见.两种手术方式对术后黄斑区视网膜形态有影响(x2=23.65,P＜0.01).在巩膜扣带术组,术前视网膜脱离是否累及黄斑对术后黄斑区视网膜形态有影响(x2=30.331,P＜0.01),对术后视力提高程度有影响(F =8.150,P＜0.01).结论 视网膜脱离修复术的手术方式对术后黄斑区视网膜形态有影响.行巩膜扣带术病例如术前视网膜脱离累及黄斑,术后出现黄斑区视网膜形态异常的可能性大,术后视力恢复差.     

玻璃体切割加巩膜扣带术治疗视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切割术中、术后巩膜扣带术的应用范围。方法：在玻璃体切割术中发现视网膜裂孔不能与脉络膜紧贴的患，或术后视网膜裂孔封闭不理想并伴有局限性视网膜脱离，按常规行巩膜扣带术。结果：87眼中，玻璃体切割术中行巩膜扣带术36眼，术后行扣带术42眼，玻璃体切割术中及术后各行1次扣带术6眼，术后行2次扣带术3眼，其中视网膜复位79眼，失败的8眼中，有6例行第2次玻璃体切割术，视网膜复位5眼。结论：巩膜扣带术适合于视网膜增厚及视网膜前后膜增殖不严重、裂孔小、视网膜脱离范围不大的患。     

视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生的危险因素

目的 探讨孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreoretinopathy, PVR）发生的临床危险因素。 方法 采用病例对照研究方法，回顾性分析4031例（4031只眼）PVR低于C1级、行视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术患者的临床资料。记录患眼眼压值、晶状体和玻璃体状态、视网膜脱离特征、是否伴发脉络膜脱离 等22个临床特征。4031例患者中，有2660例手术后随访时间3个月以上，其中72例 （72只眼）因为巩膜扣带术后［12~210 d ,平均时间（60.3±41.0）d］发生严重PVR导致视网膜再脱离，回到我科行第2次玻璃体切割术，纳入PVR组；从剩下的2588例患者资料中随机调取72例（72只眼）视网膜复位3个月以上患者的临床资料纳入对照组。应用SPSS（10.0）软件将2组分析结果进行单元和多元Logistic回归分析。 结果 视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重PVR发生的相关因素为：巩膜扣带术前呈现不完全性玻璃体后脱离 （P<0.001），眼压低于7 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)(P＜0.002），以及单一视网膜裂孔大小大于2个视盘直径(disc diameter,DD)（P＜0.005）。 结论 孔源性视网膜脱离患者巩膜扣带术前有不完全性玻璃体后脱离、低眼压及单一视网膜裂孔大小大于2 DD可能是PVR发生的主要危险因素。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：141-143）     

未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的治疗

目的回顾玻璃体切割联合巩膜扣带术治疗未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离的结果。方法5例（5眼）未发现视网膜裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离患者应用标准的三通道经睫状体扁平部的玻璃体切割、液-气交换、内引流、眼内激光和巩膜扣带术治疗,术后随访6～12个月,观察术前、术后视力,术后视网膜复位状态及手术并发症。结果所有患眼在施行一次手术后视网膜均获复位,应用对数视力表检查3眼视力增进至少3行,视力不变和减退者各有1眼,后者都有黄斑病变。结论对未发现裂孔的人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离患者联合应用玻璃体切割、液-气交换、内引流、眼内激光和巩膜扣带术治疗,显示有良好的解剖和功能效果。     

严重PDR玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射的效果观察

目的：对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的患者行玻璃体切割术后行雷珠单抗注射的效果观察。方法：回归性分析。12例严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者(12眼)接受睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术,同时给予硅油、惰性气体或者平衡液的玻璃体腔填充。在手术结束的同时给予雷珠单抗的玻璃体腔注射。结果：随访时间平均为2.75 mo。这12眼中分别包括玻璃体积血(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(3眼);纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性孔源性视网膜脱离(1眼)。12眼中,8眼行玻璃体腔硅油填充,2眼行惰性气体填充,2眼行平衡液填充。所有的患者之前均未接受任何治疗。视网膜脱离复位率为10/10(100%)。1眼术后出现前房积血。9眼术后最佳矫正视力较术前提高,2眼无明显变化,1眼较术前下降。 OCT检查显示8眼术后未见黄斑水肿。结论：玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者有明显的治疗效果：手术成功率明显提高;患者视力显著提高;糖尿病黄斑水肿的发生概率减少;术中及术后并发症的发生率降低。     

玻璃体切割术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离疗效观察

目的探讨玻璃体切割术治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效。方法对41例(42只眼)高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切割术联合眼内光凝黄斑裂孔、12?F8填充术,术后面向下体位两周。结果42只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,视网膜复位,随诊1~4年,2只眼术后因合并周边裂孔再次发生局限性视网膜脱离,给予巩膜外垫压、冷凝术封闭周边裂孔后视网膜平复。其中34只眼术后视力不同程度的提高,8只眼视力保持不变。结论玻璃体切割联合眼内光凝黄斑裂孔、12?F8填充术是治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离安全有效的方法。     

巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 观察巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 160例（168眼）行巩膜扣带术，术中均在双目间接检眼镜直视下定位裂孔、冷凝封闭裂孔。术后随访，观察视网膜复位情况。结果 本组病例初次手术视网膜解剖复位率94．0％。二次巩膜扣带术后视网膜解剖复位率为97．6％。结论 巩膜扣带术是治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。合理联合视网膜下液引流、玻璃体气体填充及眼底激光光凝可提高手术成功率。     

球形孔源性视网膜脱离的手术探讨

目的：探讨球形孔源性视网膜脱离的手术方法选择与手术预后,方法：回顾性分析1999年在我院手术的球形视网膜脱离患者161例161眼资料。最终手术采用环扎加压不放液53眼,环扎加压放液75眼,玻璃体手术33眼,平均随访3个月。结果：出院时手术复位159眼,复位率98．8％,随访期间复发2眼,最终手术成功157眼,成功率97．5％,术后视力有明显提高,结论：球形孔源性视网膜脱离由于其发病急,就诊快,只要手术方法选择适当,大部分还是可以取得成功,对于膜形成严重,裂孔多,大,靠后,或再手术病例,采用玻璃体手术,其术后解剖复位率和视功能恢复还是相当满意的。     

直视下巩膜环扎加压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的探讨直视下孔源性视网膜脱离复位手术的临床效果。方法孔源性视网膜脱离16例（16眼）由同一术者进行外路手术,术前三面镜下,间接检眼镜下仔细严格定位裂孔,术中肉眼下大致定位,全部行环扎并裂孔变性区外垫压,根据裂孔大小冷凝或非冷凝,尽可能安全放液,根据眼压,裂孔形态,部位选择注入气体填充物,定期观察术后视力、眼内反应和视网膜复位情况。结果16例视网膜脱离手术患者,术后随访半年,视网膜完全复位14眼（87．5％）,视力较术前提高12只眼（75％）,不变3只眼（18．75％）,不完全复位少量视网膜下液吸收缓慢1眼,再次脱离行玻璃体切割手术视网膜复位1眼（6．25％）。最好矫正视力0．1以上10只眼（62．5％）。结论手术前的仔细检查定位裂孔,环扎术避免遗漏裂孔及变性区均为直视下外路治疗孔源性视网膜脱离提供安全有效的保证,为眼科医师提供新的视网膜脱离手术方式的选择,且手术时间较短,操作相对简单,疗效有明确的保证。     

Management of macular holes that develop after retinal detachment repair

PURPOSE: To study the characteristics and management of macular holes that develop after prior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) repair. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series. METHODS: The setting was a clinical practice. The case records of all of our patients (n = 12) who developed a new full-thickness macular hole after prior RD repair over an 8-year period were examined. Patients who developed a macular hole after prior RD repair were offered either surgical repair of the macular hole or continued observation. For eyes that underwent macular hole repair, main outcome measures included macular attachment status and postoperative visual acuity. RESULTS: Twelve full-thickness macular holes were detected in a series of 2,380 eyes (0.5% prevalence), which had undergone surgery for prior primary RD. Ten macular holes developed after scleral buckling surgery, two after pneumatic retinopexy, and none were seen after primary vitrectomy. The fovea had been detached in 11 of the 12 eyes at the time of RD. The median time to macular hole diagnosis after RD repair was 3.4 months (range, 0.3-161 months). Eight of the eight eyes (100%) undergoing surgical repair achieved macular reattachment with a median of 3.5 lines of visual improvement at a median of 14.8 months of follow-up. Seven of these eight eyes had an improvement in visual acuity of at least 3 Snellen lines, and four of the eight had at least 20/40 visual acuity postoperatively. Four eyes with macular holes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Macular holes developed in less than 1% of eyes that had previously undergone repair of rhegmatogenous RD. In our series, these atypical holes were seen predominantly after macula-off detachments, most commonly occurring after scleral buckling procedures. They were effectively repaired using conventional pars plana vitrectomy with long-acting gas tamponade and a variety of adjuvant therapies. A good visual outcome is possible with this approach.     

Comparison of scleral buckling and vitrectomy for retinal detachment resulting from flap tears in superior quadrants

PURPOSE: To compare the surgical results of vitrectomy and scleral buckling for uncomplicated superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears. METHODS: Included in the study were 225 patients (225 phakic eyes) undergoing primary surgery by three surgeons between January 1990 and December 1996 for superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears (138 eyes by scleral buckling, 87 eyes by vitrectomy); all patients had been followed up for longer than 6 months after surgery. The choice of one of the two procedures was based on each surgeon's preference. The surgical outcome and the rate of complications were retrospectively compared between the two groups of eyes. RESULTS: Initial and final anatomical success rate were 92% and 100% after each procedure. Retinal redetachment after the initial procedure was due to new retinal breaks in 5 eyes, reopening of original breaks in 2 eyes of vitrectomy cases, and due to malpositioned buckle in 11 eyes of scleral buckling cases. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy occurred in 3 eyes of vitrectomy cases. CONCLUSION: Primary vitrectomy was as successful as scleral buckling for treating superior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Even though the high incidence of postoperative cataract formation was the major drawback, vitrectomy had some advantages over scleral buckling.     

Local dry vitrectomy combined with segmental scleral buckling and viscoelastic tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with vitreous traction

AIM: To demonstrate combined local dry vitrectomy and segmental scleral buckling for the treatment of partial rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with local vitreous traction in patients at high-risk for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: Seven eyes of 7 patients were retrospectively studied, including 3 retinal dialysis and 4 retinal detachment (RD) (3 eyes with peripheral retinal hole and 1 eye with giant tear). All patients exhibited partial RD and local vitreous traction. Combined local dry vitrectomy without conventional infusion and segmental scleral buckling was performed. Viscoelastic fluid was injected into the vitreous cavity if needed. Demographic information, preoperative and post-operative complications, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients at presentation was 22.43±14.28y. All seven patients obtained retinal reattachment after a single surgical intervention. Post-operative visual acuities were improved in all patients. None of them developed complications, except for temporary mildly increased intraocular pressure in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Combined local dry vitrectomy and segmental scleral buckling and viscoelastic tamponade if needed are effective for patients of RRD with local vitreous traction. The technique avoids many complications associated with regular surgery and was minimally invasive to both the external and internal eye.     

Comparison of scleral buckling and vitrectomy for superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears

PURPOSE: We compared the surgical results of vitrectomy and scleral buckling for uncomplicated superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Included in the study were 225 phakic eyes of 225 patients undergoing primary surgery from January 1990 to December of 1996 for superior retinal detachment caused by flap tears; all eyes had been followed for longer than six months after surgery. The choice of procedures was based on each surgeon's preference. The cases were evaluated retrospectively and the surgical outcome and the rate of complications compared between the two groups of eyes. RESULTS: Initial and final anatomical success rate were 92% and 100% after each procedure. Redetachment after the first procedure was due to new retinal breaks in 5 eyes, reopening of original breaks in 2 eyes of vitrectomy cases, and malpositioned buckle in 11 eyes of scleral buckling cases. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy occurred in 3 eyes of vitrectomy cases. CONCLUSION: Primary vitrectomy was as successful as scleral buckling for superior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Although a high incidence of postoperative cataract formation was a major drawback, vitrectomy had some advantages over to scleral buckling.     

裂孔源性视网膜脱离显微外路手术临床观察

目的 观察手术显微镜直视下经外路手术治疗裂孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效.方法 在手术显微镜直视下,8眼PVR分级A级和9眼B级实行了裂孔定位、冷凝和外加压术,9眼C1级行裂孔冷凝、外加压和环扎术,共36例36眼.术后随访6个月,观察手术疗效.结果 一次手术视网膜复位34眼(94.4％),二次手术视网膜复位35眼(97.2％),1眼失败改行玻璃体视网膜手术.无明显手术并发症发生.结论 手术显微镜直视下治疗简单性裂孔源性视网膜脱离立体感好、疗效可靠.     

The results of surgery on macular holes associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: Macular holes can occur as a secondary phenomenon with or after otherwise successful repair of uncomplicated macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with peripheral breaks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical and visual outcomes of vitrectomy surgery to close the macular holes in these situations. METHODS: A retrospective record review was completed for patients with a retinal detachment with peripheral breaks and a macular hole or those patients developing macular holes within 2 weeks of successful primary external buckling surgery for macula-off retinal detachment. In those patients with a concurrent macular hole and retinal detachment, a primary vitrectomy was carried out to close the macular hole and reattach the retina. In those patients who developed a macular hole after successful primary external buckling surgery, a secondary vitrectomy was then carried out to close the macular hole. RESULTS: The authors reviewed the records of 10 patients. All had a preoperative visual acuity of 20/400 or worse. After surgery, one patient achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40; six patients achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80; and three patients achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/120. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that macular hole surgery is worthwhile for these patients and can provide satisfactory results in terms of visual improvement.     

Late-onset retinal detachment associated with regressed retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of late-onset retinal detachments in patients with regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the condition of their fellow eyes. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of 29 patients (38 eyes) who had been treated at two institutions, one in the US and the other in Japan, between 1986 and 1997. The age at the time of treatment ranged from 6 to 51 years (mean=23.1). Five of the 38 eyes with tractional detachment were treated with either open-sky vitrectomy, closed vitrectomy, or scleral buckling; 27 of the 38 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment underwent scleral buckling or closed vitrectomy or both. The remaining 6 of the 38 eyes had subclinical rhegmatogenous detachment and were treated with photocoagulation or cryopexy, or followed without treatment. The most characteristic retinal breaks were multiple holes with a prevalence of equator and posterior types. RESULTS: Overall, anatomical reattachment was accomplished in 27/32 eyes (84%) that underwent surgery. Two thirds of the patients who underwent vitrectomy either initially or at a later time had poor postoperative visual acuity. More than half of the fellow eyes had retinal detachment and others had various characteristic fundus changes of regressed ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, probably life-long follow-up of high-risk patients is necessary so that diagnosis and treatment can be instituted at an early stage of retinal detachment.