满山红滴丸制备工艺研究

目的:研究影响满山红滴丸制备的各种因素,确定最佳工艺。方法:通过对滴丸的丸质量差异、外观、硬度及崩解时限综合评分,采用正交试验考察基质间比例、基质与药的比例、化药温度和滴头高度等条件。结果:满山红滴丸制备的最佳条件是PEG4000∶PEG6000∶药物(2∶1∶1)在90℃化药,在距冷凝剂液面5 cm处以每分钟30滴速度滴制,滴头口径4⁵ mm,冷凝剂温度10℃。结论:在最佳条件下制备的滴丸,成型好、均匀,硬度和崩解符合要求,工艺稳定。     

宣肺咳喘滴丸的成型工艺研究

目的将宣肺咳喘方提取物制成滴丸,并优选其成型工艺。方法采用正交设计并结合单因素平行实验的方法,以滴丸的硬度、丸重差异、溶散时限、圆整度为评价指标,优选滴丸成型的药液温度、冷却温度、滴头口径、滴速、滴距等的工艺条件。结果最佳工艺条件为：药液温度90℃,滴头内径4．1mm,滴距5cm,滴速45滴／min,冷却温度10℃。结论建立的工艺可行,所制滴丸符合滴丸制剂的质量要求。     

稳心滴丸成型工艺优选

目的：优选稳心滴丸的最佳成型工艺。方法：采取单因素考察和正交试验法L9（34）,对滴丸成型影响因素进行优选,最终确定最佳制备工艺。结果：经过考察各影响因素优选出最佳制备条件为提取物与基质的最佳比例为1∶2,基质的比例为7∶3,基质选用二甲基硅油,滴距为6 cm,滴头口径1.5 mm,滴头温度70℃及冷却剂10℃的温度。结论：方法简便可靠,可作为该滴丸的制备工艺。     

正交实验法优选非诺贝特滴丸的处方工艺

目的:以水溶性高分子材料PEG 4000为主要基质,研究非诺贝特滴丸的最佳制血工艺条件。方法:以滴丸的成型率(%)为筛选指标,以滴丸滴制过程的滴速、冷却液面至滴头距离及滴头口径为考察因素,采用正交设计对非诺贝特滴丸的制血工艺进行优选。结果:非诺贝特滴丸的处方工艺,PEG 4000和泊洛沙姆(1:1),在滴制过程中的滴速为45d/min,滴头至冷却液面距离为5cm,滴头内径为5mm,按此优化条件制血的非诺贝特滴丸成型率最高。结论:初步确定了非诺贝特滴丸的处方组成及制血工艺,为提高非诺贝特滴丸制剂的进一步稳定性考察提供参考。     

党参多糖滴丸成型工艺的研究

目的 研究党参多糖滴丸的最佳成型工艺.方法 以成型率为评价指标,对不同基质与主药的用量比进行平行试验,以基质配比、冷凝液温度、熔融温度、滴头口径4个因素进行正交试验.结果 最佳成型工艺条件如下:熔融温度为80℃,冷凝液温度15℃,药物和基质配比为1:3,滴头口径2 cm.结论 本课题确定的党参多糖滴丸制剂成型工艺切实可行,所得滴丸符合滴丸剂的质量规定.     

安心康滴丸成型工艺研究

目的研究安心康滴丸成型的最佳工艺条件。方法以滴丸的外观质量为评定标准对基质与冷凝剂的选择、滴距、滴速、冷却剂温度采用平行实验法,提取物与基质的用量配比、提取物与水、甘油的配比、滴制温度采用正交实验法,优选出最佳滴制条件。结果以PEG6000∶4000为3∶2作基质,甲基硅油:液体石蜡为3∶1作冷却剂,用内径为2·5mm,外径为3mm的滴头,以每分钟15~20的滴速,滴入5℃左右的冷却液中,滴距为8~10cm滴丸外观质量最好。结论:本实验筛选出的安心康滴制工艺是可行的,符合滴丸剂的质量规定。     

葛根素总黄酮滴丸剂的制备与质量控制

目的制备葛根素总黄酮滴丸剂,并确定其质量控制方法。方法从基质、提取物与基质的用量配比等方面进行考察筛选滴丸剂制备工艺,并用TLC法测定滴丸中葛根素含量。结果以PEG4000为基质,贮液罐温度90℃,滴速50滴/min,冷凝剂液体石蜡温度为15℃,滴头内外径为1.9 mm/2.5 mm,葛根素总黄酮与基质比例为1∶8时进行滴制,滴丸成型率较高,载药量最大。结论本品制备工艺可行,质控方法可靠。     

宁心滴丸成型工艺研究

目的:研究宁心滴丸的最佳成型工艺.方法:以成型率及重量合格率作为评价指标,对不同基质、混合基质比及其与主药的用量比进行平行试验,对滴头及冷凝液的温度、贮药槽药液高度、滴距等4个因素进行正交试验.结果:基质(PEG4000:PEG6000为3:1)与主药用量比为3:1.最佳成型工艺为贮药槽高度6cm、滴头温度70℃、滴距6cm、冷凝液温度10℃.结论:以筛选出的成型工艺条件制成的滴丸,成品得率高,符合<中国药典>中滴丸剂的质量标准.     

正交试验法优选枫蓼肠胃康滴丸的成型工艺

目的 优选枫蓼肠胃康滴丸的成型工艺.方法 采用正交试验法选择药液温度、滴头口径、药物与基质的配比、滴速、冷凝液温度等5个因素,每个因素各取4个水平,按L16(45)正交表安排实验,用3个指标评定工艺的优劣优选最佳工艺.结果 采用药液温度为85℃,滴头口径内径为3.1mm、外径为3.5 mm,药物/基质比为1:1.29,冷凝剂温度为15℃,以50滴/min的滴速滴入二甲基硅油中的工艺条件最佳.结论 为枫蓼肠胃康实心滴丸的实际生产提供了依据.     

丹灯通脑滴丸的制备工艺实验研究

目的确定丹灯通脑滴丸的成型工艺。方法用正交实验法优选成型的工艺条件,考察基质种类、冷凝液种类、基质与提取物的最佳配比、药料滴制温度、冷凝液温度、滴距、滴速等影响因素。结果工艺条件是聚乙二醇4 000与丹灯通脑干粉为4∶1,充分搅拌混匀,加热搅拌使其溶化,并于80℃保温。药料通过2.2 mm/2.4 mm(内径/外径)管径的滴头,以40滴/min恒速滴入,在12℃的液体石蜡中冷却。结论实验结果可为丹灯通脑滴丸成型工艺的确定,提供实验依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.