拇外翻足并发第2跖骨头下疼痛的相关因素研究

目的:通过对拇外翻足足弓的X线指标与足底压力指标的检测,分析拇趾外翻角的变化与足弓X线测量指标变化及足底压力变化的相关性,探讨拇外翻足并发第2跖骨头下疼痛影响因素。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,观察自2012年1月至2013年6月治疗的254例(477足)拇外翻患者病历资料,记录患者第2跖骨头下疼痛及年龄的情况,把所有拇外翻足按并发第2跖骨头下疼痛的有无分为两组(疼痛组和无痛组),分别测量各组负重位拇外翻足拇趾外翻角(hallux abductor valgus angle,HAVA),第1、2跖骨间角(the inter-metatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsals,IMA1-2),第1、5跖骨间角(the inter-metatarsal angle between the first and fifth metatarsals,IMA1-5),内弓顶角、前弓顶角及第1、2跖骨头的相对长度,检测步态中第2跖骨头下峰压强、冲量、触地时间百分比等压力的情况。运用相关性分析及Logistic回归分析方法,探讨拇外翻足并发第2跖骨头下疼痛的影响因素。结果:Spearman相关性分析结果示HAVA分别与各测量指标的IMA1-2、IMA1-5、内弓顶角、前弓顶角、第2跖骨触地时间百分比呈相关性(P0.05,r=0.647、0.553、0.127、-0.165、0.158)。Logistic回归分析结果示并发第2跖骨头下疼痛的影响因素为HAVA、第2跖骨相对长度、第2跖骨头触地时间百分比(P0.05,ORj=1.030,1.069,1.060)。结论:拇外翻角的增大导致了拇外翻足足弓塌陷,使步态中第2跖骨头负重的时间延长,从而导致了第2跖头下疼痛的发生。     

拇外翻负重位与非负重位影像学分析

目的 通过对拇趾外翻患者手术前负重位、非负重位下影像学相关指标分析,旨在探讨拇外翻患者负重位下影像学变化及手术前后负重位测量的重要性.方法 自2006年7月～2007年6月笔者对拇外翻51例(94足),术前均摄负重与非负重正位X线片,测量拇趾外翻角(HAV)、第1、2跖骨间角(IM)、第1跖骨远端固定角(DASA)及...     

足横弓形态的动态分析与踇外翻关系研究

目的观察正常步态周期中跖骨头平面足横弓的运动形态 ,探讨跖骨头平面足横弓在行走过程中的重要意义及与外翻的关系。方法正常足 13足,外翻足 12足,应用" C"型臂 X线机观察跖骨头平面足横弓在步态周期中的运动形态、空间位置变化,并用录像机记录。电脑工作站与 C＋＋ Builder下精确的计时器相连接,记录足横弓塌陷时间。结果跖骨头平面存在由五个跖骨头构成的足横弓 ,以第一、五跖骨头为底,第二、三跖骨头为顶;在步态周期中,由站立相到推离相时,第二、三跖骨头逐渐塌陷,负重份额渐增加;足横弓指数 Q与外翻角 (HVA)相关, HVA越大, Q值越小,步态周期中第二、三跖骨头下降到地面的时间越短,第二、三跖骨头就越早负重,负重时间延长,导致其过度负重和第二、三跖骨头下疼痛性胼胝体形成。结论跖骨头平面足横弓在正常步态周期中发挥重要作用,由站立相至推离相,随重心前移,第二、三跖骨头的负重增加,跖骨头下移而与地面接触导致足横弓的塌陷。外翻患者中,足横弓塌陷时间早,跖骨头负重时间长,可以导致前足功能紊乱。     

第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术治疗老年拇外翻

目的总结第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术治疗老年拇外翻的临床疗效。方法采用第1跖趾关节融合术矫正18例老年拇外翻患者(20足),并对第2～5趾畸形行跖趾关节成形术,比较术前及末次随访时拇外翻角(HVA)和第1、2跖骨间角(IMA),应用AOFAS评分系统评价临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间9～24个月。末次随访时,矫形足负重正、侧位X线片显示HVA和IMA均较术前显著减小(P 0. 001);根据AOFAS评分标准评价临床疗效:优1足,良17足,可2足,治疗优良率为18/20。结论第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术可有效矫正老年拇外翻前足畸形,减轻疼痛,降低术后前足疼痛的复发率。     

改良Scarf截骨术矫正第一跖骨远端关节面固有角增大型拇外翻

目的探讨改良Scarf截骨术矫正第一跖骨远端关节面固有角(DMAA)增大型拇外翻的临床疗效。方法对28例拇外翻患者(33足)采用改良Scarf截骨术治疗。比较手术前后足负重位正、侧位X线片的拇外翻角(HVA),第一、二跖骨间角(IMA),DMAA的变化。依据AOFAS足拇趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评分评价疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间10～36个月。33足术后足负重位正、侧位X线片所示的HVA、IMA及DMAA均较术前明显减小(P0.001)。术后未出现畸形复发、截骨处不愈合、跖骨头坏死及足趾坏死等并发症。其中有2足螺钉松动,1足术后感染,1足术后跖趾关节活动僵硬。末次随访参照AOFAS评分标准评价疗效:优29足,良2足,差2足,优良率93.94%。结论对于合并DMAA增大型拇外翻患者,采取改良Scarf截骨术治疗可有效矫正畸形并降低复发率。     

改良Lapidus手术治疗拇外翻

目的分析改良Lapidus手术治疗拇外翻的疗效,并总结手术经验。方法自2004年4月～2008年4月,采用改良Lapidus方法治疗拇外翻患者16例21足,平均年龄54岁。术前症状为第1跖骨内侧拇囊突起疼痛,第2跖骨头下痛性胼胝,中足足背偏内侧疼痛。患者术前应力位摄X线片显示第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)平均17.4°(15.3～22.3°),拇外翻角(HVA)平均38.5°(32.2～50.4°),8侧足有第1跖楔关节骨关节炎表现。术前AOFAS评分平均46.7分。行改良Lapidus手术后,所有患者得到随访,平均随访17个月。结果术后所有患者都达到骨性愈合,均在术后3～4个月后完全负重。除1例患者术后2年复发第2跖底痛外,其余所有患者第1跖骨头内侧痛、第2跖底痛及足背痛症状消失,且无复发。术后IMA平均5.9°,HVA平均10.3°,术后AOFAS评分平均91.3分。结论 Lapidus方法纠正第1跖骨内收的中-重度拇外翻畸形,特别是伴有第1序列不稳或第1跖跗关节炎时非常有效。选择合适的患者,并在手术中注意操作细节,可避免并发症的发生。     

第一跖楔关节融合治疗拇外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳

目的探讨第一跖楔关节融合重建足横弓治疗拇外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳的疗效。方法2003年1月至2005年6月，手术治疗合并第一跖楔关节过度活动、足横弓塌陷的拇外翻患者23例32足，均为女性；年龄46-72岁，平均（60．3±9．3）岁。第一跖骨头下压、外移及旋后并与失稳的第一跖楔关节融合，融合关节采用AO“T”形钢板固定。拇外翻畸形采用改良McBride软组织手术矫形。术后石膏固定6周，随后部分负重2周。结果20例患者28足获得完整随访，随访时间6-22个月，平均13．3个月。X线片显示第一跖楔关节均获得良好融合。拇外翻角从术前的平均51°±12°减小到术后的平均22°±6°；第一、二跖骨间角从术前的平均15°±5°减小到术后的平均9°±4°。患者主观评价，优15足，良9足，可4足，优良率为85．7％。患者前足底疼痛均有明显好转，4足有不同程度的第一跖趾关节疼痛，1足足中部不适，取内固定后消失。结论第一跖楔关节融合治疗拇外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳能很好地纠正足横弓的塌陷、第一跖骨内翻畸形，对恢复第一跖骨头的负重功能有较好的治疗效果。采用钢板内固定能有效提高融合部位的稳定，利于前足的早期负重。     

第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻

目的 :探讨第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2015年6月至2017年6月,采用第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻32例(40足),其中男3例3足,女29例37足;年龄22～80岁,平均57.57岁;病程2～32年,平均14年;轻度9足,中度31足。术前患者合并拇囊炎,伴有第1跖趾关节周围疼痛并存在负重行走时疼痛加重。手术前后拍摄足负重正侧位片,比较拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),并采用美国足踝外科协会拇外翻评分(AOFAS)评价临床疗效。结果:32例患者获得了随访,时间12～24个月,平均15.2个月。术后切口均愈合良好,无感染、跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。术前HVA、IMA分别由(32.08±5.59)°、(11.63±2.24)°减小至术后12个月的(10.31±4.36)°、(5.02±2.34)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AOFAS评分由术前的56.75±6.42提高至术后12个月的88.80±3.99 (P0.05)。结论:第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻畸形可获得较好的临床效果,为拇外翻治疗提供了更多的选择。     

拇外翻微创术跖骨远端位移内侧纵弓顶角与胼胝痛的关系

目的通过X线的二维测定探讨中西医结合微创技术治疗拇外翻,跖骨远端位移(跖屈或跖移)、足内侧纵弓顶角与胼胝痛(VAS)三者之间的关系。方法自2006年7月～2007年6月,笔者于手术治疗拇外翻(均采用同一术式:中西医结合微创技术)42例79足。手术前后摄负重正侧位X线片,测量内侧纵弓顶角;并进行症状体征检查,记录胼胝及胼胝痛(VAS)。根据VAS量表将研究对象分为疼痛加重组、疼痛减轻组。各组研究对象又根据远端跖骨块的位置改变情况分为两组:跖屈或跖移(向背侧成角)组;非跖屈或跖移组。比较各组间内侧纵弓顶角差的差异。平均随访时间6.5个月。结果胼胝及胼胝痛术后加重5足,其余均减轻。术后胼胝及胼胝痛的变化与术后远端跖骨块位置情况比较,P<0.05;术后胼胝及胼胝痛的变化与手术前后内侧纵弓顶角差比较,P<0.05;术后远端跖骨块位置情况与手术前后内侧纵弓顶角差比较,P<0.05。差异均有显著性。结论通过截骨远端跖骨块足够的跖移、跖屈可以减小足内侧纵弓顶角,弥补因短缩引起的内侧纵弓高度的丢失,减少术后胼胝疼痛等并发症发生的概率。     

第1 跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1 跖趾关节炎

目的探讨第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎的临床疗效。方法2016年6月至2018年9月北京中医药大学第三附属医院采用第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎患者26例。手术前后于足负重位X线片上测量足拇外翻角(HVA)和第1、2跖骨间角(IMA),采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价足拇趾疼痛情况,采用美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评分评价足拇趾功能。术后随访观察切口和截骨端愈合、足拇趾功能恢复、畸形矫正、并发症发生及足拇外翻复发情况。结果所有患者平均随访时间(14.53±2.45)个月(12~18个月)。所有病例中有1足切口乙级愈合,其余切口均为甲级愈合;末次随访时截骨端均愈合,未出现内固定物失效、转移性跖痛及足拇外翻复发。末次随访时,平均AOFAS足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评分从术前(54.38±5.72)分增高至(82.74±1.68)分,平均HVA、IMA及足拇趾VAS评分较术前明显降低。结论第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎畸形矫正效果好,可缓解足拇趾疼痛,足拇趾功能恢复良好,且足拇外翻复发率低、安全性高。     

经皮微创截骨术联合8字绷带和分趾垫外固定治疗中度拇外翻

目的:探讨经皮微创截骨术联合“8”字绷带和分趾垫外固定治疗中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2019年8月至2021年1月采用经皮微创截骨术联合“8”字绷带和分趾垫外固定治疗中度拇外翻患者23例,失访1例,最终纳入22例(30足),男4例6足,女18例24足,年龄27～66 (50.59±11.95)岁。比较术前和术后6个月患足拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),跖骨跨度(第1、5跖骨头之间的距离)和软组织宽度变化情况,并采用美国足踝外科协会踝-后足评分标准(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)进行临床疗效评价,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价足部自觉疼痛情况。结果:22例患者获得随访,时间5.7～6.4(6.13±0.85)个月。患者第1跖骨截骨处均获得骨性愈合,足趾外观畸形得到纠正,术后患足未出现跖骨头缺血性坏死、转移性跖骨痛等并发症。术后6个月患足HVA、IMA、跖骨跨度、软组织宽度、...     

Minimally invasive surgery for young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus deformity

BackgroundWe aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) for young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus deformity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the radiographs and clinical findings of young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus who underwent MIS (25 feet) or DCMO (30 feet). In 12 of 25 MIS feet, 2.0-mm bio-absorbable pins were used as an additional fixation device crossing the osteotomy site, and 1.4-mm Kirschner wires were used in the remaining 13 feet.ResultsRadiographic and clinical parameters preoperatively and at the final follow-up were not significantly different between the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the increments of hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle, medial sesamoid position, first metatarsal length, metatarsal length index, or relative second metatarsal length. Two MIS subgroups according to the additional fixation device showed no significant differences in HVA, the first to second intermetatarsal angle lateral translation ratio, or plantar offset at the final follow-up.ConclusionsMIS for young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus deformity had similar radiographic and clinical outcomes compared to DCMO. Regarding additional fixation crossing the osteotomy site, both temporary Kirschner wires and absorbable pins showed no radiographic differences in terms of correction maintenance.Level of evidence: 3.     

Joint preserving surgery for rheumatoid forefoot deformities improves pain and corrects deformity at midterm follow-up

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that commonly affects the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Conventional surgical treatment involves joint-sacrificing surgery to relieve pain and correct deformity.ObjectivesWe retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with rheumatoid forefoot deformities who underwent 66 joint preserving procedures with Scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal and Weil's shortening osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals.MethodThere were 5 males and 44 females with mean age 56.1 years and mean follow-up 51 months. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically with hallux valgus angle (HVA) and inter-metatarsal angle (IMA).ResultsMean AOFAS score improved from 39.8 preoperatively to 88.7 at final follow-up. Subjectively patients reported their outcome as excellent in 49 feet (74%), good in 9 feet, fair in 7 feet and poor in 1 foot. Five feet had residual stiffness and 11 residual pain. Mean HVA and IMA decreased from 32° to 14° and from 15° to 11° respectively.ConclusionIn intermediate to severe stages of the disease, joint preserving surgery by Scarf osteotomy of the first MTP joint and Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals may be performed as an alternative to joint-sacrificing procedures and should be considered as a complement to the various surgical treatments of the rheumatoid forefoot.     

Relationship between Hallux Valgus and Pes Planus in Adult Patients

This study aimed to determine whether the degree of pes planus was associated with hallux valgus severity and hallux valgus surgery outcomes. A total of 122 feet were retrospectively analyzed after hallux valgus surgery. The hallux valgus angle, inter-metatarsal angle, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch, and talonavicular coverage angle were measured. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score and Foot Function Index were evaluated. A significant correlation between radiographic parameters of pes planus and hallux valgus severity, radiographic outcomes, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, and Foot Function Index were not noted. The hallux valgus angle and inter-metatarsal angle changed significantly after the surgery (p < .001 and p < .001, respectively); however, a significant difference was not noted between the pes planus and non-pes planus groups (p = .279 and p = .632, respectively). A significant interaction between the time points and groups was not observed with respect to the hallux valgus angle (p = .311) and inter-metatarsal angle (p = .417). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that none of the radiographic parameters for pes planus affected hallux valgus recurrence. Pes planus in adult patients is not significantly associated with hallux valgus severity and recurrence, radiographic outcomes, or clinical scores.     

Scarf与第1跖骨双平面截骨治疗拇外翻畸形的病例对照研究

目的：比较Scarf截骨术与第1跖骨双平面截骨术（double metatarsal osteotomy,DMO）治疗中重度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月治疗的50例（81足）中重度拇外翻畸形患者,根据截骨方式不同分为Scarf截骨术（Scarf osteotomy,SO）组或DMO组。SO组26例（44足）,男1例,女25例;年龄48~65（55.50±4.67）岁;中度18例（30足）,重度8例（14足）。DMO组24例（37足）,男1例,女23例;年龄45~62（52.10±6.80）岁;中度14例（24足）,重度10例（13足）。手术前后在足部负重正位X线片上测量并比较拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle,HVA）、第1、2跖骨间角（intermetatarsal angle,IMA）及远端跖骨关节面角（distal metatarsal articular angle,DMAA）,第1跖骨相对长度（relative length of first metatarsal,RLFM）的变化情况。术前及末次随访时采用美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）拇趾、跖趾、趾间关节评分进行临床疗效评价。观察两组患者负重时间及并发症情况。结果：50例患者均获得随访,SO组随访时间12~36（20.50±6.22）个月,DMO组16~28（19.80±2.44）个月,两组随访时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。所有切口Ⅰ期愈合,术后（20.31±3.17）个月截骨均愈合,SO组术后1例出现获得性拇内收畸形,未出现转移跖痛;DMO组术后2例发生转移性跖痛。两组手术前后HVA、IMA、DMAA、AOFAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术前两组RLFM比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,两组末次随访时RLFM比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。SO组部分负重时间及完全负重时间显著早于DMO组（P<0.05）。结论：Scarf截骨与第1跖骨双平面截骨均可有效治疗中重度拇外翻畸形,影像学及临床评估相似,但术后第1跖骨相对长度SO组较DMO组延长,Scarf截骨下地负重时间早于第1跖骨双平面截骨。     

Treating Hallux Valgus Associated Metatarsus Adductus by Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Simple Solution for a Difficult Problem

This study aims to assess a novel minimally invasive surgical technique that addresses hallux valgus accompanied by metatarsus adductus.We retrospectively analysed the results of 20 patients (21 feet) that underwent a newly developed percutaneous osteotomy procedure of the lesser metatarsal bones in order to correct hallux valgus deformities accompanied by metatarsus adductus. We used x-ray studies in order to evaluate changes in the hallux valgus angle, the first intermetatarsal angle, and the metatarsal angle (using the modified Sgarlato method). We also compared the pre- and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores when available. The paired sample t test was used to compare variables.At a 1-y follow-up the mean hallux valgus angle, inter-metatarsal angle and the metatarsal angle have been reduced by 31.62 (-3 to 9), 3.86 (11-52) and 14.69 (4-36) respectively (p < .001 for all). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (n = 15 feet available) has been improved by a mean of 44.53 (22-72, p < .001). In addition, the patient satisfaction rates were high. Patients suffered from mild to moderate midfoot pain during the first few weeks following surgery, which resolved when union occurred. No cases of lesser metatarsal nonunion have been documented.The presented minimally invasive method can be used effectively to correct hallux valgus that is associated with metatarsus adductus. Proximal minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomy can effectively correct hallux valgus accompanied by metatarsus adductus.     

第一跖楔关节矢状面活动范围的研究及临床意义

目的探讨第一跖楔关节(FTJ)矢状面的活动范围与拇外翻的病理生理机制及治疗的关系。方法采用Lee方法对300例正常足和200例拇外翻足进行FTJ矢状面活动范围测量,并统计分析与其相关的因素。结果300例正常足的FTJ矢状面活动范围为8 4°±2 3°, 200例拇外翻足的FTJ矢状面活动范围为11 7°±3 2°,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0 01)。FTJ矢状面的过度活动与跖楔关节的形态(P<0 05)、楔骨间隙有无分离(P<0 01)、有无转移性跖骨头下疼痛(P<0 01)、FTJ关节炎(P<0 01)有关, 而与拇外翻角(HVA)、跖间角(IMA)、第2跖骨干内侧皮质肥厚无关(P>0 05)。结论Lee方法简单,结果可靠。HVA、IMA的测定不能代替FTJ矢状面活动范围的测定,临床上应常规测量FTJ矢状面的活动范围,对于Ⅰ型FTJ的拇外翻患者显得尤为必要。对于FTJ增大,同时有转移性跖骨头下疼痛、楔骨间隙分离、FTJ关节炎的患者,应行Lapidus手术(跖楔关节融合术)。     

Natural progression of radiographic indices in juvenile hallux valgus deformity

BackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the annual change in radiographic indices for juvenile hallux valgus (JHV) and to analyze the factors that influence deformity progression.MethodsPatients aged <15 years who had JHV and were followed up for at least 1 year were included. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), hallux interphalangeal angle, intermetatarsal angle, metatarsus adductus angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle, and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle were evaluated. The progression rate of HVA was adjusted by multiple factors by using a linear mixed model.ResultsA total of 133 feet were included. The HVA and distal metatarsal articular angle both increased by 0.8° per year (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). HVA increased by 1.5° per year (p < 0.001) at under the age of 10, and the HVA progression in the older patients was not statistically significant.ConclusionsJHV deformity could progress with aging. Most deformity progression could occur before the age of 10 years.