结直肠癌肝转移手术时机的选择及预后分析

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移手术时机的选择及预后分析。方法 2000年1月至2006年1月收治的结直肠癌肝转移患者120例分为同期进行肝肿瘤切除组84例,再次手术切除肝内病灶组36例,观察两组近期、远期效果。结果同期肝肿瘤切除组、再次手术切除肝内病灶组术中出血量、输血量、住院时间、住院费用比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率、病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组远期1、3、5年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论结直肠癌同期肝转移患者术前进行详细、周密的检查,掌握患者基本情况,原发结直肠癌、肝转移瘤状态及与周围关系,制定周密的手术计划,同时进行原发灶、转移灶是安全可靠的,避免了延期手术中部分患者由于肿瘤进展失去了切除转移灶的时机。     

术前γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平对评估结直肠癌肝转移患者微波消融预后的价值

目的 本研究旨在探讨术前γ 谷氨酰转肽酶（gamma glutamyl transferase,GGT）水平对评估结直肠癌肝转移患者行肝转移瘤微波消融（microwave ablation,MWA）治疗后预后的价值。方法 回顾性搜集80例接受肝转移瘤MWA治疗的结直肠癌肝转移患者,按照MWA术前GGT水平分为两组：高GGT组45例（GGT≥60 U/L）,正常GGT组35例(GGT＜60 U/L),比较两组的生存状况及预后因素。结果 高GGT组和正常GGT组患者12、18、24个月的生存率分别为62.22%、46.67%、26.67%和82.86%、71.43%、48.57%,中位生存时间分别为15.3个月和23.5个月（P＜0.05）。Cox多元回归分析显示：术前GGT水平、肝转移灶大小是结直肠癌肝转移患者生存的独立危险因素,Child Pugh分级是结直肠癌肝转移患者生存的独立保护因素。结论 术前GGT水平可以作为评估MWA治疗结直肠癌肝转移患者生存的独立预后因素。     

结直肠癌肝转移的手术治疗

【目的】探索结直肠癌患者肝转移后采取手术治疗的临床效果。【方法】选择2005年6月至2013年12月住院部收治的50例结直肠癌肝转移患者为研究对象,均接受手术治疗;其中一期手术行直肠癌切除加肝脏肿块切除25例患者（同期手术治疗）作为研究组,直肠癌切除后二期手术行肝脏肿块切除的25例患者（非同期手术治疗）为对照组,对比分析两组患者的手术疗效。【结果】手术治疗后两组患者在生存率、并发症率、再次切除率等指标的上比较,差异有显著性（χ2＝7．96、5．95、4．17,均 P＜0．05）;在生存时间上比较差异亦具有统计学意义（ t ＝5．45;P＜0．05）。【结论】结直肠癌患者的手术治疗中,同期手术治疗患者的生存期限及病情预后效果优于非同期手术治疗患者,临床采用手术治疗时应根据患者的病情对其转移病灶及原发灶进行最大限度的同期切除。     

立体定向放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞对结直肠癌肝转移治疗的研究

目的探讨立体定向放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结直肠癌肝脏转移瘤的临床应用价值。方法选取100例结直肠癌肝转移患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组50例。观察组采用立体定向放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,对照组采用单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、生活治疗评价及不良反应。结果观察组有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组1年生存率和2年生存率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组生理状况、家庭/社会状况、情感状况、功能状况及量表总分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论立体定向放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结直肠癌肝脏转移瘤疗效优于单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞,并可以提高患者生活质量。     

结直肠癌术后肝转移的影响因素分析

【目的】探讨结直肠癌术后肝转移与其临床病理因素之间的关系,分析其在结直肠癌术后肝转移中的意义。【方法】收集行根治性手术治疗的结直肠癌病例700例,其中结直肠癌术后肝转移170例,无肝转移530例,选择性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、分化程度、Dukes分期、组织学类型、淋巴结转移等临床病理因素分组用χ^2检验进行组间分析。【结果】Dukes分期和淋巴结转移两组中肝转移发生率的差别具有显著性（P〈0．05）,其中DukesA、B、C期肝转移的发生率分别为17．2％、17．4％、36．3％。有淋巴结转移者肝转移的发生率为36．3％,无淋巴结转移者肝转移发生率为17．3％。【结论】肿瘤分期和淋巴结转移是影响结直肠癌肝转移的重要因素。肿瘤病理分期越晚者更易发生肝转移,有淋巴结转移者术后肝转移发生率明显高于无淋巴结转移者。     

结直肠癌术后复发模式的临床研究及再手术治疗的预后分析

目的总结结直肠癌术后复发模式的临床特点及规律、结直肠癌术后复发的原因,探讨复发性结直肠癌的再手术治疗的方法及预后。方法收集四川省人民医院急救中心外科2000年至2012年收治的96例结直肠癌根治术后复发患者的临床资料,根据是否伴有肝转移分为肝转移组和无肝转移组,分析结直肠癌术后复发模式的临床特点及规律,分别探讨其再手术治疗方法及预后。结果纳入标准的患者再次手术前有13例接受新辅助化疗,再次手术后接受辅助化疗41例。直肠癌术后复发45例,结肠癌术后复发51例。肝转移组76例(直肠癌术后复发29例,结肠癌术后复发47例),无肝转移组20例(均为术后局部复发,直肠癌术后复发16例,结肠癌术后复发4例)。肝转移组中44例为单纯孤立肝转移,其中40例行根治性手术(22例为直肠癌术后复发,18例为结肠癌术后复发),肝转移组中32例为肝内多发转移或伴有远处转移,26例行姑息性手术(3例为直肠癌术后复发,23例为结肠癌术后复发),6例因为广泛转移放弃手术(直肠癌术后3例,结肠癌术后3例)。无肝转移组20例中有18例行根治性再次手术治疗(15例为直肠癌术后复发,3例为结肠癌术后复发)。两组中根治性切除手术58例,根治性切除率为60.4%;姑息性切除32例,姑息性切除率为33.3%。2例死于术后感染中毒性休克。术后随访6~36个月,肝转移组中根治性切除术后1、3年生存率分别为89.2%、35.6%,姑息性切除术后1、3年生存率分别为54.5%、0。无肝转移组中根治性切除术后1、3年生存率91.5%、46.9%。姑息性切除术后1、3年生存率为61.3%、12.1%。两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结肠癌患者术后复发以远处肝转移常见,直肠癌术后复发以局部复发为主。对复发性结直肠癌患者应根据是否伴有肝转移选择以再次根治性手术为主的综合治疗方案,以提高患者的生存率。     

18F-FDG PET/CT双期显像和MRI检查在诊断结直肠癌肝转移的对比研究

目的 比较18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT双期显像和MRI增强检查在结直肠癌肝转移的诊断效能.方法 收集37例结直肠癌伴肝结节患者,根据结节的病理或随访结果分为转移瘤组和良性组.全部病例进行18F-FDG PET/CT双期显像(常规显像、延迟显像)和肝脏MRI增强扫描,评价两种检查诊断结直肠癌肝转移的效能,比较...     

影响结直肠癌肝转移预后的因素

目的 探讨影响结直肠癌肝转移预后的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析115例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料,先采用生存分析Kaplan-Meier法对15项指标进行单因素分析,再采用Cox回归分析对单因素分析有意义的指标进行统计处理。结果 115例患者的平均生存时间为（17.9±2.8）个月,其累积一、二年生存率分别为（40.4±6.7）%及（22.5±6.0）%。Kaplan-Meier单因素分析结果显示肝转移部位、肝转移灶数目、最大肝转移灶大小、原发肿瘤病理类型、原发肿瘤分化程度、原发肿瘤浸润深度、区域淋巴结转移情况、有无肝外转移、腹腔内种植及针对肝转移灶治疗方式10个因素对结直肠癌肝转移患者的预后有显著影响。Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示原发肿瘤分化程度、最大肝转移灶大小、原发肿瘤浸润深度、有无肝外转移及针对肝转移灶治疗方式是影响患者预后的独立指标。结论 原发肿瘤分化越差、原发肿瘤局部浸润越深的结直肠癌肝转移患者远期生存率越低,最大肝转移灶大小〈5 cm的患者预后较≥5 cm的患者好,同时合并有肝外其他脏器转移的患者预后差,对结直肠癌肝转移患者,采取积极的治疗能够显著延长患者的远期生存时间。     

手术切除与射频消融治疗结直肠癌肝转移的对比研究

目的探讨手术切除与射频消融治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效和安全性。方法选择结直肠癌肝转移患者分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=37),观察组给予射频消融治疗,对照组行肝脏切除术。观察2组治疗效果、复发率、生存率、术后肝功能变化情况及并发症发生情况。结果 2组均顺利完成治疗,无围术期死亡;2组1、2、3年复发率及生存率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,2组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和胆碱酯酶(CHE)较术前均有不同程度的升高或降低,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组并发症发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论射频消融操作简单、创伤小、疗效肯定、对肝功能影响小、并发症发生率低,可用于不适合手术切除的结直肠癌肝转移患者。     

同时性结直肠癌原发灶和肝转移灶中KRAS基因突变的一致性分析

目的:比较KRAS基因突变率在结直肠癌原发灶和肝转移灶之间的差异,并探索KRAS突变对初始可切除同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者同期切除术后预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析同期切除的139例同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床病理资料。运用Pyrosequencing焦磷酸测序法检测原发灶和转移灶中KRAS基因的突变情况,比较两者之间KRAS突变率的差异;同时采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox回归模型分析KRAS突变对预后的影响。结果:139例患者的围手术期死亡率为0%,并发症发生率为28.1%。28.8%(40/139)的患者原发灶中KRAS发生了突变;KRAS突变和临床病理因素无明显相关性。KRAS突变率在原发灶中为29.5%(28/95),在转移灶中为31.6%(30/95),两者间差异无显著统计学意义(P=0.157)。KRAS突变与总生存时间无相关性,与较短的无疾病生存时间相关(P=0.041),且是短的无疾病生存时间的独立预后因素(P=0.012)。结论:KRAS突变率在原发灶和转移灶中存在高度一致性,且与短的无疾病生存时间相关,在决定同期手术决策时需要考虑KRAS状态。     

Liver resection of hematogenous and infiltrating metastases

Of a total of 245 resections for hepatic metastases 124 operations were performed for hematogenic metastases and 36 for infiltrating metastases in continuity with the primary tumour. This group of so-called "major hepatic resections" is analysed. The series comprises 83 male and 77 female patients, mean age 62.2 years. There were 85 resections of the right lobe (39 of those with intrahepatic extension to the left), 45 right) and 30 atypical hepatectomies (at least bisegmentectomies). Hematogenic hepatic metastases: 80 resections of hepatic metastases following colorectal carcinoma, 15 following cancer of the stomach and esophagus, 12 after non-gastrointestinal malignant tumours, 4 resections after unknown primary cancer (44% solitary, 32% monolobar multiple, and 24% bilateral metastases); synchronous operations were performed in 32% of the patients, in 19% so-called interval surgery (mean 7.4 weeks), and in 49% metachrone surgery (mean 30 weeks). During 1983 and 1985 our morbidity rate amounted to 10% and the letality rate to 7%, as compared to 17% morbidity and 15% letality in the period 1965-1983. In both periods, septic postoperative complications outnumbered all other causes. The mean survival rate after colorectal carcinoma was 20 months, after non-gastro-intestinal malignant growth 19 months, after carcinoma of the stomach as well as after malignant biliary tract diseases 5 months. The three-year survival rate of colorectal carcinoma amounts to 30%, the five year survival rate to 15% including all metastatic stages. The results of interval and metachrone resections in forms of survival rates are clearly better than the results of synchronous resections with a mean survival time of five months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Surgery for non-colorectal and non-neuroendocrine liver metastases

INTRODUCTION: Hepatic resection has been shown to prolong survival in selected patients with colorectal liver metastases. Due to slow tumor growth patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases tend to have a good prognosis and benefit from chemo-embolisation and symptomatic treatment. The role of surgery in treating non-neuroendocrine and non-colorectal liver metastases is discussed controversially, due to the limited knowledge on this subject. The aim of our study was, therefore, to evaluate our own experiences with hepatic surgery for non-neuroendocrine, non-colorectal liver metastases. METHODS: A retrospective review of 72 patients (median age 60.9 years) who underwent 73 hepatic resections for non-neuroendocrine, non-colorectal liver metastases between 1980 and 2000 at a single tertial referral center was carried out. RESULTS: Hepatic resection was combined with surgery for the primary tumor in 30 cases (41.1%). Hospital mortality was 4.2%. 35 patients (47.9%) developed complications. The mean hospital stay was 17.5 days. In 64.4% of the cases a potentially curative resection was reached. Overall actuarial survival was 52.1% at 1 year, 25.3% at 3 years and 9.9% at 5 years. The respective median overall survival times were 7.1 months (gastric cancer metastases; n = 15), 4.9 months (cholangiocellular cancer metastases; n = 9), 5.6 months (gall bladder, bile duct cancer metastases; n = 8), 35.4 months (kidney cancer metastases; n = 8), 14.4 months (breast cancer metastases; n = 4), 15.3 months (pancreas and other adenocarcinoma metastases; n = 11), 49.9 months (sarcoma metastases; n = 10) and 32.9 months (other metastases; n = 7). CONCLUSIONS: In isolated hepatic metastases originating from sarcoma and hypernephroma radical resection can prolong survival. However, surgery cannot improve the prognosis in patients with liver metastases originating from the pancreas, gallbladder and the biliary tract. In selected patients with liver metastases from gastric and breast cancer long term survival seems possible after resection.     

经肝动脉药盒持续灌注氟脲苷与地塞米松治疗化疗抵抗的结直肠癌肝转移的疗效与安全性分析

目的探讨经肝动脉药盒灌注氟脲苷与地塞米松治疗化疗抵抗的结直肠癌肝转移的疗效及安全性。方法对23例经过至少二线化疗失败的结直肠癌肝转移患者采用介入放射方法植入肝动脉药盒,术后第2天开始经药盒灌注氟脲苷与地塞米松,对其治疗疗效、毒副反应及生存状态进行回顾性分析。结果 23例患者的肝内疾病控制率为69.6%,其中部分缓解10例(43.5%),稳定6例(26.1%);4例患者转化为可手术切除,转化率为17.4%。中位肝内无进展生存时间为(9.0±1.8)月,中位总生存时间为(14.0±1.8)月。结论经肝动脉药盒灌注氟脲苷与地塞米松可作为化疗抵抗的结直肠癌肝转移的补救治疗,并可能使部分患者转化为可手术切除,从而获得长期生存的机会。     

微波消融、TACE与全身化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效

[目的]探讨微波消融、介入栓塞化疗(TACE)序贯方案与全身化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床疗效.[方法]根据不同治疗方案将80例结直肠癌肝转移患者分为观察组(全身化疗+微波消融+TACE序贯治疗)与对照组(全身化疗),比较两组近期疗效,预后及治疗前后细胞免疫功能变化.[结果]观察组近期客观有效率为66.67％(28/42),高于对照组的42.10％(16/38),且差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组首次治疗后CD3+、CD4+阳性率、CD4+/CD8+比值均显著大于,CD8+显著小于同组治疗前、对照组治疗后(均P<0.05);观察组中位存活时间26.00个月长于对照组的13.60个月(P<0.05).[结论]在全身化疗基础上,行微波消融+TACE治疗能显著提高结直肠癌肝转移患者的有效率,明显改善机体免疫功能,延长患者存活时间.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌肝转移的相关性分析

[目的]探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃癌肝转移的相关性.[方法]120例胃癌患者按照是否存在肝转移分为肝转移组(n=52)和非肝转移组(n=68),对两组患者临床资料中危险因素进行单因素分析,将与胃癌肝转移有关的因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析,根据14C尿素呼气试验结果将胃癌肝转移患者分为Hp阳性组和Hp阴性组,比较两组患者生存曲线关系.[结果]两组患者在肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移、原发灶浸润深度、脉管浸润、肿瘤大小、Borrmann分型及Hp感染等方面比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05).经Logistic多元回归分析显示,肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移、原发灶浸润深度、Hp感染是胃癌肝转移发生的独立危险因素.胃癌肝转移患者中Hp阴性组平均生存时间显著长于Hp阳性组(P<0.05).[结论]淋巴结转移、脉管浸润和Hp感染是胃癌肝转移发生的独立危险因素,且Hp感染能够影响胃癌肝转移无进展生存期时间.     

Neoadjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) before Percutaneous MR-guided Laser-induced Thermotherapy (LITT): Results in Large-sized Primary and Secondary Liver Tumors

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical value of neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) before MR-guided laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) for different large-sized liver tumors.Materials and methods: Repeated TACE were performed in 289 patients (mean 4.1 per patient) with unresectable HCC (n = 48) or liver metastases (n = 241) in a neoadjuvant intention using 10 mg/m² mitomycin as chemotherapeutic agent and 10 ml/m² lipiodol and microspheres for vessel occlusion. Tumor volume was measured by MR-imaging. As soons as the diameter of the tumor was observed to have decreased to less than 50 mm, the patients were treated with MRI-guided LITT 4 to 6 weeks after embolization.Survival rates of the different liver tumors of the combined protocol were compared to the results of the patients who were treated only with TACE or with the results of the patients who were treated directly with LITT.Results: In the neoadjuvant group repeated TACE enabled a reduction in tumor size and tumor perfusion in 166 patients (80 cases of metastases of colorectal cancer, 39 cases of metastases of breast cancer, 12 cases of metastases of other primary tumors, 3 cases of carcinoids and 32 cases of HCC), forming the basis of the performance of 322 (mean 2.0) MR-guided LITT procedures.The median survival period for patients with HCC was after the first treatment 25.0 months for the TACE group, 33.3 months for the LITT group and was statistically significant higher with 36.0 months in the patients with the combined treatment.In contrast to this the median survival for patients with colorectal liver metastases was 15.2 months for the TACE group, 23.6 months for the neoadjuvant treated patients and 32.6 months for the patients treated only with LITT.Conclusion: The combined treatment protocol (TACE followed by MR-guided LITT) appears to be a safe and effective treatment of large unresectable liver tumors. The combination of TACE and LITT results in significant superior survival rates in comparison to the results of TACE alone. HCC showed a better response to the treatment than liver metastases.     

结直肠癌肝转移的手术治疗及预后分析

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移患者手术治疗的指征、相关病理因素及手术治疗对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析本院2000年1月至2007年12月间经手术治疗的75例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料。结果本组同时性肝转移62例,异时性肝转移13例,均在结直肠癌原发灶根治性切除基础上,行肝叶规则或不规则切除70例,结节切除活检5例。术后出现并发症10例。术后1年,3年,5年累积生存率分别为74．67％,58．67％,28．00％。生存分析显示：肝切除术后的生存率与原发灶的分化程度、术前CEA、Duke’s分期、肝转移数目、组织分型及淋巴结受侵有关。结论临床病理分期早,肿瘤分化程度高,转移灶数目≤2．术前CEA水平低的患者预后好：手术治疗是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗方法。     

Doppler sonographic evaluation of hemodynamic changes in colorectal liver metastases relative to liver size.

OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms of hemodynamic alterations in colorectal liver metastases are not clearly understood yet. Considering that an increase in liver size in patients with metastases could also result in an alteration in total liver flow, we aimed to analyze hemodynamic changes relative to the liver volume and to search for the possibility of any intrinsic factors affecting blood flow in patients with metastases. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with colorectal liver metastases and 20 control subjects with no liver disease were evaluated sonographically. All patients were examined prospectively by Doppler sonography and helical computed tomography. Hepatic hemodynamic parameters, including blood flow in the hepatic artery and portal vein, total blood flow to the liver, and Doppler perfusion index, were calculated, and values relative to liver volume were obtained. Hepatic perfusion changes in liver metastases were then compared with those in a control group. RESULTS: The liver volume of the patients with liver metastases was greater than that of the control group (P=.003). Hepatic arterial blood flow rates were higher, whereas portal flow rates were lower, in patients with liver metastases compared with control subjects (P<.05). Total liver blood flow was not significantly different between the two groups. However, total blood flow relative to liver volume was significantly lower in the metastatic group (P<.001). Doppler perfusion index values in the patients with metastasis were significantly higher than in the control group (P=.000). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may support the hypothesis that a humoral mediator-induced portal venous flow reduction causes perfusion changes in liver metastases from colorectal disease. However, an additional intrinsic hepatic hemodynamic event should also be present. Doppler perfusion index measurements can provide additional information in the evaluation of patients with colorectal liver metastases.