持续果糖饮水诱导小鼠胰岛素抵抗机制

目的 探讨果糖诱导小鼠胰岛素抵抗机制。方法 小鼠随机分为3组,分别为单纯饮水的正常对照组,10%果糖饮水组,10%果糖+精氨酸饮水组。实验时间为4周,期间,分析血清促胰岛素肽（GIP）和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）水平;4周后,测定各组小鼠空腹血糖和胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数;分析各组小鼠肝脏活性氧簇（ROS）水平。结果 10%果糖饮水导致小鼠发生胰岛素抵抗,果糖干预不影响小鼠血清GIP和GLP-1水平,但肝脏组织ROS水平升高（P <0.05）;10%果糖+精氨酸饮水组胰岛素抵抗指数没有显著变化,血清GLP-1水平升高,肝脏组织ROS水平没有显著变化。结论 10%果糖饮水使小鼠肝脏组织ROS水平升高,而血清GLP-1水平不升高,无法发挥GLP-1对肝脏的保护作用,最终升高的ROS引起小鼠胰岛素抵抗。     

非酒精性脂肪肝病大鼠肠道菌群对肠促胰素效应的影响

 目的 探讨非酒精性脂肪肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）大鼠肠道菌群对L细胞、胰高血糖素样肽-1（glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1）及其受体（GLP-1R）的影响。方法 将20只SD大鼠分为2组,每组10只,一组给予正常饮食（normal diet,ND）,一组给予高脂饮食（high-fat diet,HFD）;另将20只SD大鼠给予口服混合肠道非吸收性抗生素2周,建立伪肠道无菌大鼠模型,分为2组,每组10只,一组接受HFD组大鼠肠菌移植,另一组接受ND组大鼠肠菌移植;移植后继续高脂饮食饲养8周,第8周末称体质量并测定血脂、血糖、胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数,评价肝脏组织学,计数L细胞数量,检测餐后1 h门脉血和结肠组织GLP-1、肝脏和胰腺组织GLP-1R的含量,检测粪便双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌和肠球菌的数量。结果 和移植ND组肠菌的大鼠相比,移植HFD组肠菌的大鼠表现出更加明显的肝脏脂肪沉积和胰岛素抵抗（P < 0.05）,体质量升高（P < 0.01）,血脂升高（P < 0.05）,结肠L细胞数量降低（P < 0.05）,GLP-1合成分泌降低（P < 0.001）,肝脏和胰腺GLP-1R含量降低（P < 0.001）,粪便双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量减少（P < 0.05）,而大肠埃希菌、肠球菌数量增加（P < 0.05）。结论 在高脂饮食的作用下,NAFLD大鼠肠道菌群可减少结肠L细胞数量,降低大鼠GLP-1分泌和受体数量,进而促进NAFLD的发生发展。     

利拉鲁肽早期干预对高脂饮食大鼠代谢的影响

目的观察利拉鲁肽早期干预对高脂喂养大鼠代谢的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠18只,随机均分为普通饲料（ND组）,高脂饲料（HFD组）,高脂+利拉鲁肽（Lira组）,Lira组高脂喂养同时给予利拉鲁肽200滋g/kg皮下注射18周。记录体重、进食量、葡萄糖耐量实验AUC、胰岛素钳夹实验葡萄糖输注率（GIR）,酶联免疫吸附法测血清TG、TC、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）,染色观察肝脏病理、骨骼肌毛细血管密度。结果与ND组大鼠相比,HFD组大鼠体重、脂体比、AUC、TG、TC显著升高（均P＜0.05）,GIR、骨骼肌血管密度显著下降（均P＜0.05）,肝脂肪变明显;Lira组比HFD组摄食少且食物利用率低,血清GLP-1显著增加（均P＜0.05）;Lira组大鼠与ND组相比,体重、脂体比、血清TG、TC、AUC、GIR、骨骼肌血管密度均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。结论利拉鲁肽干预减少高脂喂养大鼠摄食量,降低食物利用率,控制体重,改善血脂代谢及肝细胞脂肪变性,保留高脂喂养大鼠的毛细血管密度,维持胰岛素敏感性且无低血糖等不良反应。     

不同营养餐对单纯性肥胖患者胰高糖素样肽-1的影响研究

目的：探讨单纯性肥胖患者在进食不同营养餐对胰高糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）的影响。方法：选择年龄、性别、体质指数基本匹配的40例单纯性肥胖患者随机分4组,各10例分别进食等热量的高碳水化合物饮食（HCD）、高蛋白饮食（HPD）、高脂饮食（HFD）、地中海饮食（MD）,同步检测空腹及餐后2h 血糖、血浆胰岛素及 GLP-1水平。结果：与进食 HPD 组、HFD 组、MD 组比较,HCD 组的餐后2h 血糖、餐后2h 血浆胰岛素高,而刺激 GLP-1分泌的水平低;MD 组较 HPD 组、HFD 组餐后2h 血浆胰岛素分泌低;与 HFD 组对比,HPD 组餐后2h 血浆胰岛素高。结论：单纯性肥胖患者进食 HCD 易加重胰岛素抵抗,而 GLP-1分泌水平降低影响胰岛素释放相对不足,致餐后血糖增高。MD 因不易致胰岛素抵抗、刺激 GLP-1高分泌的优点将是肥胖人群首选的一种平衡膳食。     

肠道菌群代谢产物琥珀酸对非酒精性脂肪性肝病小鼠的影响

目的观察肠道菌群代谢产物琥珀酸对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)小鼠血脂、葡萄糖耐量及肝脏病理形态的影响。方法2021年9月—2022年3月于贵州医科大学实验室进行实验。将雄性C57小鼠40只按随机数字表法分为正常饮食组(ND组)、正常饮食+琥珀酸处理组(ND+Suc组)、高脂饮食组(HFD组)、高脂饮食组+琥珀酸处理组(HFD+Suc组),每组10只,ND组给予正常饮食,ND+Suc组在ND组基础上加用2.5%琥珀酸喂养,HFD组采用高脂饲料喂养建立NAFLD模型,HFD+Suc组另加用2.5%琥珀酸喂养,每周监测小鼠体质量,喂养15周后检测葡萄糖耐量,血清三酰甘油(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平,肝组织苏木素—伊红(HE)染色、油红O染色,观察肝脏脂质沉积及肝细胞病理形态变化。结果实验15周后,与ND组比较,HFD组体质量、OGTT试验各时间点(0、15、30、60、120min)血糖、血清TG和TC水平均升高(P<0.01);与HFD组比较,HFD+Suc组体质量、OGTT试验各时间点(0、15、30、60、120min)血糖、血清TG和TC水平均降低(P<0.01);ND组与ND+Suc组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HE染色、油红O染色显示,ND组、ND+Suc组小鼠肝脏组织中肝细胞排列整齐,细胞核大而圆,小叶结构清晰可见,未观察到明显脂质沉积;HFD组小鼠可见肝细胞弥漫分布脂肪沉积,以大小泡混合性肝细胞脂肪变性为主,部分细胞核被挤压变形甚至消失,肝细胞排列紊乱;HFD+Suc组肝细胞脂肪变性及肝脏脂质沉积较HFD组明显减轻。结论肠道菌群代谢产物琥珀酸能降低NAFLD小鼠体质量及血清TG、TC水平,减轻葡萄糖调节受损及肝脏脂质沉积,对于NAFLD具有潜在治疗作用。     

富生酮氨基酸饮食改善高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝

目的  探讨富生酮氨基酸（KAA）饮食对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的影响及机制。方法  C57BL雄性小鼠随机分4组,给予常规饮食（NC）、高脂饮食（HFD）、富生酮氨基酸高脂饮食（HFDKAAR）以及高脂喂养8周后改为富生酮氨基酸高脂饮食（HFD→HFDKAAR）喂养。每周测进食量、体重,16周后行腹腔内注射葡萄糖耐量实验后处死小鼠,测肝重量、内脏脂肪重量、肝脂质沉积、Kupffer细胞聚集及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白介素-1β（IL-1β）mRNA表达。结果  各组小鼠摄入热卡比较差异无统计学意义。与NC组比较,HFD组小鼠体重和内脏脂肪重量增加,伴随胰岛素抵抗,肝脂质沉积和Kupffer细胞数量显著增加,TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA表达增加（P <0.05）。与HFD组比较,HFDKAAR及HFD→HFDKAAR组小鼠体重、内脏脂肪下降,胰岛素抵抗均减轻（P <0.05）,肝脏Kupffer细胞的数量及脂质沉积减少,TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA的高表达均被逆转（P <0.05）。结论  高脂膳食能诱导出非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠模型,富生酮氨基酸饮食可抑制高脂诱导的肝脏Kupffer细胞的表达,显著改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、肝脂质沉积,减轻肝脏的炎症损伤。

     

利拉鲁肽1对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠及细胞因子的影响

目的探讨利拉鲁肽（Lira）对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）大鼠及细胞因子的影响。方法将雄性SD大鼠32 只随机分为3 组：正常对照组（NC）10 只、高脂组（HF）12 只、HF+Lira 组10 只。HF组、HF+Lira 组给予高脂饲料喂养16 周,HF+Lira 组高脂喂养12 周后,给予Lira 600μg/（kg·d）4 周。在16 周末处死大鼠。光学显微镜下观察肝脏病理变化;全自动生化仪检测血清三酰甘油（TG）,酶联免疫法测定空腹胰岛素（FINS）,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）;GPO-PAP法测定肝脏TG 含量;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL-18、IL-10 水平。多组间数据比较采用单因素方差分析,组间比较采用SNK- 检验。结果与NC 组相比,HF组的肝指数、肝脏TG、血清IL-18、TG、空腹血糖（FBG）、FINS 及HOMA-IR 均升高（p <0.05）;HF+Lira 组与HF 组相比,差异有统计学意义（p <0.05）,大鼠肝指数、肝脏TG、血清IL-18、TG、FBG、FINS 及HOMA-IR 均下降。HF 组血清IL-10下降（p <0.05）,HF+Lira 组较HF组血清IL-10 升高（p <0.05）。相关分析显示,血清IL-18 水平与肝脂肪变、肝小叶炎症及HOMA-IR 呈正相关（p <0.05）;IL-10 水平与肝脂肪变、肝小叶炎症及HOMA-IR呈负相关（p <0.05）。结论Lira 可能通过调节NAFLD 大鼠的炎症因子平衡,减轻胰岛素抵抗和炎症反应,减少肝脏脂质沉积,从而对NAFLD起到治疗作用。     

葛根素激活GLP-1R通路改善高脂诱导的HFD小鼠高血糖水平

目的 探讨葛根素对高脂诱导的HFD小鼠高血糖水平的影响以及GLP-1R通路在葛根素降糖功效中的作用。方法 以高脂诱导的HFD（High-fat-diet）糖尿病小鼠模型为对象,采用GLP-1受体拮抗剂Exendin 9-39（Ex 9-39）用以阻断GLP-1R通路的激活,通过动物体内实验进一步评价GLP-1R通路在葛根素降糖功效中的作用。结果 葛根素能够有效降低HFD小鼠血糖水平并改善HFD小鼠口服葡萄糖耐受能力,而Ex 9-39显著抑制葛根素的降糖作用,并且葛根素促进小鼠胰岛素分泌的作用也被Ex 9-39所阻断。通过小鼠胰腺组织切片免疫荧光染色检测观察到,葛根素能够增加HFD小鼠胰岛β细胞中ki67的表达,提示其能够促进胰岛β细胞增殖,当Ex 9-39阻断GLP-1R通路激活时,葛根素的作用被抑制。结论 本研究首次在糖尿病小鼠模型中,证实葛根素降糖及改善胰岛β细胞生存的作用依赖于GLP-1R通路的激活,为今后葛根降糖的潜在开发应用奠定实验基础。      

GLP-1对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝氧化应激及TNF-α、TGF-β1的影响

目的观察胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝氧化应激及肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、转换生长因子β1
（TGF-β1）的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组,分别予普通饮食10只（ND组）、高脂饮食10只（HFD组）、高脂饮食
加利拉鲁肽腹腔注射10只（GLP-1组）。高脂饮食12周建立大鼠NAFLD模型,建模成功后GLP-1组予利拉鲁肽腹腔注射治疗4
周。16周末处死各组大鼠,生物化学法检测血清ALT、血清和肝组织甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）,分光光度计测定肝匀浆超
氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MAD）及FFAs,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清TGF-β1、肝匀浆TNF-α。结果与ND组比较,HFD组
大鼠体质量、肝指数、血清ALT、TG、TC、TGF-β1及肝匀浆TG、TC、MAD、FFAs 、TNF-α均明显升高（P>0.05）,肝匀浆SOD活力
明显降低（P<0.05）,肝脏脂肪变性程度和炎症活动度显著增高（P<0.05）;而与HFD组比较,GLP-1组可促进上述指标恢复（P<
0.05）。结论利拉鲁肽可以减轻高脂饮食诱导肝脂肪变,改善氧应激及脂质过氧化,降低TNF-α及TGF-β1的含量,有可能作为
治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病的有效药物。
     

运动对高脂喂食小鼠肠黏膜屏障功能和肝脏脂质蓄积及炎症的影响

目的 观察运动对高脂喂食小鼠的肠黏膜屏障功能和肝脏脂质蓄积及炎症的影响,探讨肠黏膜屏障功能和肝脏脂质蓄积及炎症的潜在联系.方法 C57BL/6小鼠按随机数字表法分为3组:普通饲料组(ND)、高脂饲料组(HFD)、高脂运动组(HFD+ EX).采用小鼠跑步机对HFD+EX组小鼠进行运动干预.8周后检测各组小鼠血浆和肝脏的一般生化及炎症指标,进行肝组织HE染色、油红0染色,观察肠组织结构变化.结果 与ND组相比,HFD组小鼠血浆甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、内毒素(LPS)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),肝组织TG、T-CHO,空腹血糖(FBG)的含量和TLR4、TNF-α、IL-6的表达水平均显著增加(P＜0.05);与HFD组相比,HFD+EX组小鼠血浆TG、LPS,FBG,肝组织TG、T-CHO的含量和TLR4、TNF-α和IL-6的表达水平均显著降低(P＜0.05).病理切片显示,HFD组较ND组小鼠脂肪空泡增多,脂滴增大;HFD+EX组较HFD组小鼠脂肪空泡减少,脂滴减小.透射电镜结果显示,与ND组相比,HFD组小鼠肠上皮黏膜微绒毛稀疏且紧密连接结构宽度增大,HFD+ EX组小鼠较HFD组肠上皮黏膜微绒毛增多且紧密连接结构宽度减小.结论 运动可能通过保护肠黏膜屏障功能改善高脂喂食小鼠肝脏脂质蓄积和炎症状态.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

Phytochemical and anti-bacterial activity of epidermal glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.

Objective

To study the morphology, biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica (C. parasitica) (L.) H. Lev.

Methods

Morphological studies on epidermal glands were carried out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. To prepare the extract, the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone. For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.

Results

Detailed micromorphological, phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. showed its intraspecific variation in antibacterial activity. The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species. The epidermal glands were orange-coloured, stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2 µm × 45 µm, and distributed on the undersurface of costa, costules and veins in croziers, young and mature leaves. Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers. The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids in it.

Conclusions

The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. have several bioactive compounds and such rare morphovariant should be conserved in nature. The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.