新时期如何加强医院档案管理工作探讨

医院档案是医院在工作活动中形成的文件、簿册、图表、录音、录像等各种载体档案,是医院的宝贵财富^[1]。准确把握新时期医院发展的特点,加强医院档案管理,是医院实现档案现代化管理的根本任务。在新时期,如何加强医院档案管理工作,笔者以为应重点抓好如下几方面的工作。     

新时期医院档案管理工作探讨

探讨新时期医院档案工作的管理理念、法律意识、创新服务、业务技能等问题。     

对医院档案信息化建设的思考

医院档案信息化是指在档案工作中充分利用现代计算机技术、网络技术、信息技术，对档案资源进行处理、管理、开发并提供利用，达到为医院发展提供服务的目的。档案信息化建设是新时期医院档案工作的重点，包括基础设施建设、档案信息资源建设、应用系统建设、标准规范建设和人才队伍建设等方面。本文就笔者所在医院档案信息化建设的必要性、现状及应对措施进行分析探讨。     

浅析事业单位干部人事档案管理现状及对策

文章分析了干部人事档案的内容和功能,指出了干部人事档案审核工作的重要意义,结合干部人事档案审核中的问题、人事档案管理工作现状及其成因,探索新时期事业单位干部人事档案工作规范管理、完善功能、高效利用、深化服务的有效途径,提出努力构建提升干部人事档案管理水平的长效机制,将计算机技术引入干部人事档案管理,强化相关人员干部人事档案管理意识的建议.     

如何推行档案工作规范化、标准化

随着卫生防病事业的发展,卫生防疫机构在疾病预防控制和增进人民健康各项科学技术活动中,形成并保存了大量的行政档案预防保健医学档案、人事档案。上述档案在卫生防疫工作中发挥了重要的作用,科学地积累了完整的档案材料。切实做好档案信息的开发利用,大力推进卫生防疫档案工作标准化、规范化、制度化、科学化管理进程是“科技兴院”的一个重要环节,档案管理工作如何更好地服务于医疗、教学、防病、科研等基础工作,是新时期我们所面对的新任务、新课题。因此,我们要强化防病单位档案管理意识,树立文书档案、业务档案、人事档案处理工作规范化、标准化,在实际工作中,把住各类档案的人121关,实现档案工作规范化、标准化的基础工作,以实现档案工作的和谐快速发展,使之更好为卫生防病事业服务。     

新世纪如何做好档案信息资源开发利用

综合档案室负责管理各种不同门类载体的档案。这些档案是卫生防疫工作活动的真实记录，是预防医学事业发展的基础，是重要的科技信息资源，它具有凭证和依据作用。当前随着卫生体制改革及科学技术迅速发展，对档案利用工作的要求越来越高，开发档案信息资源，是新时期档案工作者面临的重大课题。笔者就这个问题作了一些探讨，与同仁商榷。     

浅议如何做好新时期的档案工作为干部保健服务

在信息技术飞速发展的今天,信息资源在人们各类活动中发挥着举足轻重的作用。作为重要信息资源的档案信息越来越受到人们的重视。如何做好新时期的档案工作,为干部保健服务是摆在我们档案工作者面前的一项迫切任务。     

医院档案管理人员素质培养的途径和方法初探

医院档案工作在医院管理工作中占有十分重要的地位。但是当前,医院档案管理人员存在整体素质不高、知识结构不完整、知识更新速度不快等问题,给医院档案工作带来一定的困难。基于此,本文通过对医院档案人员的现状分析,阐述了新时期档案人员应具备的素质,并对档案管理人员培养的途径和方法进行了探讨,以期对医院档案管理人员素质的提高提供一定的理论借鉴。     

浅谈新时期如何加强医院档案工作

医院档案工作是医院管理中的重要组成部分，是科技兴院的重要环节，医院档案是医院的宝贵文化财富，加强对这一信息资源管理对医院领导决策科学化和医院现代化建设极为重要。为此，特对新时期加强医院档案管理工作谈几点浅见。     

卫生监督档案管理工作现况与对策分析

卫生监督档案是卫生监督事业整体发展的重要组成部分,是一项涉及多层面、多领域的工作,卫生监督档案管理工作应适应形势新变化,以高度的责任感和改革开拓精神,服务卫生监督事业发展.本文通过对卫生监督档案管理工作的现况分析,提出明确卫生监督档案管理的科学指导思想,应用提升档案管理工作效率的信息技术手段,建立卫生监督档案人员的科学培养机制,优化档案文件的集中管理机制,全方位拓展档案工作服务领域,大力提升档案工作的影响力和贡献力,为新时期卫生监督事业发展作出新的贡献.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.