军队卫生系统获“何梁何利”基金奖情况分析

通过分析军队卫生系统1994-2009年获“何梁何利”基金奖情况，显示了军队卫生系统具有较高的科技实力与水平，但科研实力发展不平衡，启示军队卫生系统应加强自主创新能力。     

军队卫生系统适应国家医疗保障制度改革的思考

国家医疗保障制度的改革对军队卫生系统建设必将产生深刻影响，这种影响主要表现在医疗消费需求、经济补偿能力、管理调控机制三个方面。国家医疗保障制度改革要求军队卫生系统主动接轨，军队医院要积极参与国家医疗保障制度改革的大循环，纳入试点和定点行列；军队必须加快自身医疗保障制度改革的步伐，在筹资补偿机制上尽快与地方接轨；军队医疗卫生单位要主动探索建立对内、对外服务的＂双轨制＂。国家医疗保障制度改革要求军队卫生系统处理好改革与军队、地方利益平衡，改革与军队内部经营管理，国家的改革与军队保障体制改革等各种关系。     

军队卫生系统院士情况分析

基于1991—2009年军队卫生系统当选院士情况,分析军队卫生系统高端人才培养的水平和能力,为做好军队卫生系统人才培养提供科学依据和重要参考。     

军队卫生成果鉴定分析

基于2006—2010年军队卫生系统成果鉴定数据,分析"十一五"军队医学科研情况,为进一步做好军队卫生系统成果评价工作提供科学依据和重要参考。     

军队卫生信息化的建设与发展

为加快军队卫生系统的信息化建设，本阐述了全军卫生信息化建设的基本情况和新世纪全军卫生信息化建设展望；为全军卫生系统的信息化建设的长远规划打下了坚实的基础。     

第二军医大学军队医院“三长班”培训班圆满结业

2014年5月下旬，第二军医大学组织召开军队医院“三长班”培训班。“三长班”是全军医院卫生系统最高级别的培训班，参训的近60名学员来自全军各大单位和各军兵种的医院院长、护理部主任、药学部主任，参训人员层次较高，覆盖面广、专业性强，均为军队卫生系统一线的管理者。     

中国医药信息学1987年大会在厦门举行

中国医药信息学1987年大会于4月10日至14日在厦门举行。这是中国医药学信息处理学会成立以来召开的规模最大的一次学术交流会,共有代表503人(其中军队代表129人)。国务院电子振兴办、国家卫生部、总后卫生部和中国电子学会等有关方面领导出席了会议。国家卫生部陈敏章部长亲临大会,并作了“努力开创卫生系统计算机应用的新局面”的重要讲话。这次会议共收到论文800余篇,从中精选     

军队医院继续医学教育存在的问题及对策

为探讨军队医院继续医学教育的管理，本文针对军队卫生系统目前继续医学教育存在的主要问题，提出了转变思想，更新观念，配备合理的继续医学教育队伍，完善各种规章制度，科学实施分级管理，运用各种先进的教育手段，服务意识纳入继续医学教育，为军队的医院继续医学教育的管理提供参考。     

双向代职推动军队基层医院建设

为探讨加强军队基层医院的建设，本阐述了在军队卫生系统的专业技术干部中实施双向代职制度，并介绍了双向代职制度的优越性，即：提高了基层医院的技术水平；拓宽了基层医院的人才培养渠道；创造了拴心留人的凝聚点；增强了基层医院的整体实力。     

从SARS事件看应急科研体系建设

本文对军队卫生系统利用应急科研机制，积极应对SARS事件，采取切实可行的措施，取得较好效益的做法，进行了总结，提出了建设应急科研体系的重要性和构思。     

母婴疾病防治领域的新兴医学科技进展

提高妇幼健康水平作为建设健康中国的重要任务之一,需要加强和推动医药健康科技创新,为保障和改善妇幼健康提供有力的科技支撑。因此,本文对基因诊断与基因治疗技术、多组学技术、干细胞技术、组织工程技术等前沿生物技术以及机器人技术、大数据与人工智能技术在母婴健康医学科技领域的发展现状和未来趋势作一概述,对新兴技术在母婴疾病防治中...     

江苏省儿童青少年超重与肥胖流行趋势分析

了解江苏省2005-2015年儿童青少年超重和肥胖的流行趋势,为采取有针对性的干预措施提供参考.方法 选取江苏省2005年、2010年和2015年7~22岁学生体质与健康调研资料,应用中国肥胖工作组(WGOC)“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI分类标准”,比较超重和肥胖变化情况.结果 江苏省2005年、2010年和2015年7~22岁儿童青少年超重检出率依次为10.67%,12.22%和13.79%,2015年超重检出率高于2005年和2010年(x2值分别为110.383,61.212,P值均<0.05);肥胖检出率依次为5.05%,5.54%和5.61%,2015年肥胖检出率高于2005年(x2=7.74,P<0.01).2005年、2010年和2014年男生超重检出率分别为13.67%,15.96%和17.43%,肥胖检出率分别为6.54%,7.79%和7.54%;女生超重检出率分别为7.65%,8.50%和10.18%,肥胖检出率分别为3.54%,3.29%和3.69%.城市超重检出率分别为13.08%,13.74%和15.08%,肥胖检出率分别为7.51%,6.66%和6.41%;乡村超重检出率分别为8.25%,10.74%和12.52%,肥胖检出率分别为2.57%,4.44%和4.82%.苏南地区(经济较好)超重检出率分别为12.66%,12.91%和12.24%,肥胖检出率分别为5.19%,6.04%和4.68%;苏北地区(经济较差)超重检出率分别为9.70%,12.99%和15.00%,肥胖检出率分别为6.88%,7.01%和9.03%.结论 2005-2015年江苏省7~ 22岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖比例持续增加,其中小学生群体、乡村地区和苏北地区增长迅速.     

Working through resistance in engaging boys and men towards gender equality and progressive masculinities

Over the last two decades, a focus on challenging and transforming dominant forms of masculinity and engaging boys and men towards gender equality and healthy masculinities has permeated South African social and health sciences and the humanities. This focus on men and boys has also been evident in intervention and activist work. However, the turn to boys, men and masculinities has not gone without resistance, contestation and contradictions. A range of localised and global realities has frustrated much of the enthusiasm for rapid, sweeping and concrete changes regarding gender justice and the making of progressive masculinities. Among the discursive and material forces that oppose work that engages boys and men are those to do with income-related issues, race and racism, cultural traditions and gender itself. Because of this, it is contended that engagement with boys and men needs to consider not only gender but also economic inequality, poverty and unemployment, divisions created by race, and struggles around tradition. This paper discusses these forces that undermine and counteract work with boys and men and how we might work through resistance in engaging with men and boys.     

我国地(市)、县级疾病预防控制机构艾滋病防制任务及其工作内容研究

目的研制我国地(市)、县级疾病预防控制机构艾滋病防制任务及其工作内容,为实施艾滋病防制项目管理、人力、财力和物力的项目零基预算界定了工作范围。方法在系统文献查阅的基础上,运用头脑风暴法和焦点小组访谈相结合的方法,对102位专家进行了14轮540人次的咨询与论证,并经过全国180个被调查样本机构和11个模拟运作机构的意向调查加以完善。结果我国地(市)、县级疾病预防控制机构必须开展包括基线调查和制订防制规划、健康教育、艾滋病防制的行为干预、检测实验室网络建设及管理、综合监测、艾滋病自愿咨询检测等在内的11项防制任务及其工作内容,该11项任务及其工作内容得到了全国180个样本机构的高度一致认可(总体认可程度达到了99.0%)。     

Effects of nutritional status on contents of tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain]

Effects of nutritional status on the levels of tryptophan (Trp), serotonin (5HT), and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in six brain regions of rats were investigated. 1) A low-protein high-carbohydrate diet decreased Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA levels in the cortex and hippocampus, and those of 5HT and 5HIAA in the hypothalamus. This diet did not affect the contents of Trp and 5HT in the midbrain, but decreased 5HIAA. No significant changes of Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA were observed in the pons and medulla and striatum. 2) A low-carbohydrate high-protein diet increased the levels of Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA in the striatum, and 5HT and 5HIAA in the cortex, but showed no effect on the contents of Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA in the hippocampus, midbrain, pons and medulla and hypothalamus. 3) An energy-restriction low-carbohydrate diet increased Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA contents in the striatum, and 5HT and 5HIAA in the cortex and pons and medulla. In the hypothalamus, only 5HIAA was increased by this diet. The diet did not influence Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA contents of the midbrain and hippocampus. These results suggest that i) lowered fat and carbohydrate intakes enhance 5HT synthesis and metabolism in the cortex and that lowered carbohydrate intake enhances them in the striatum, ii) energy restriction enhances the 5HT metabolism in the cortex, pons and medulla and hypothalamus, and 5HT synthesis in the cortex and pons and medulla, iii) lowered protein intake inhibits 5HT metabolism in the cortex, midbrain, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and 5HT synthesis in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus.     

Access to and use of NHS Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS): the views of children, young people, parents and PALS staff

Background The English National Health Service Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) was set up to provide patients and their relatives with a way of obtaining information or expressing concerns about their health care. This study examined children's, young people's and parents' access to and use of PALS, and how this could be improved. Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain the views of children, young people, parents and PALS staff, on the inclusiveness of the service. These methods included discussion groups and interviews with 30 young people and 16 parents; a postal survey of PALS users, to which 171 (21%) parents responded; and telephone interviews with 14 PALS staff. The data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods, and the views of participants on key topics were examined. Results Children and young people were found to be low users of PALS, but thought that the service was potentially useful. They and parents and PALS staff all highlighted ways in which access to and use of the service could be improved. Participants' views on the following topics are reported: awareness of PALS existence and role; access to and use of PALS; effectiveness of and satisfaction with PALS; and training of staff. Conclusions and recommendations Patient Advice and Liaison Service has not been designed and developed in ways that are fully inclusive of children, young people and parents. Based on their views and experiences, and the suggestions of PALS staff, the authors recommend that access to and use of the service could be improved, increasing awareness of PALS, facilitating access to and use of the service, providing training for PALS staff on dealing with young people and their issues, and developing links between PALS and other organizations that deal with young people and parents.     

Position of the American Dietetic Association: food insecurity and hunger in the United States

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that systematic and sustained action is needed to bring an end to domestic food insecurity and hunger and to achieve food and nutrition security for all in the United States. The Association believes that immediate and long-range interventions are needed, including adequate funding for and increased utilization of food and nutrition assistance programs, the inclusion of food and nutrition education in all programs providing food and nutrition assistance, and innovative programs to promote and support the economic self-sufficiency of individuals and families, to end food insecurity and hunger in the United States. Food insecurity continues to exist in the United States, with over 38 million people experiencing it sometime in 2004. Negative nutritional and nonnutritional outcomes have been associated with food insecurity in adults, adolescents, and children, including poor dietary intake and nutritional status, poor health, increased risk for the development of chronic diseases, poor psychological and cognitive functioning, and substandard academic achievement. Dietetics professionals can play a key role in ending food insecurity and hunger and are uniquely positioned to make valuable contributions through provision of comprehensive food and nutrition education, competent and collaborative practice, innovative research related to accessing a safe and secure food supply, and advocacy efforts at the local, state, regional, and national levels.     

Gender equity and socioeconomic inequality: a framework for the patterning of women's health

This paper explores the interrelationship of gender equity and socioeconomic inequality and how they affect women's health at the macro- (country) and micro- (household and individual) levels. An integrated framework draws theoretical perspectives from both approaches and from public health. Determinants of women's health in the geopolitical environment include country-specific history and geography, policies and services, legal rights, organizations and institutions, and structures that shape gender and economic inequality. Culture, norms and sanctions at the country and community level, and sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level, influence women's productive and reproductive roles in the household and workplace. Social capital, roles, psychosocial stresses and resources. health services, and behaviors mediate social, economic and cultural effects on health outcomes. Inequality between and within households contributes to the patterning of women's health. Within the framework, relationships may vary depending upon women's lifestage and cohort experience. Examples of other relevant theoretical frameworks are discussed. The conclusion suggests strategies to improve data, influence policy, and extend research to better understand the effect of gender and socioeconomic inequality on women's health.     

Parental pressure, dietary patterns, and weight status among girls who are "picky eaters"

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mothers' fruit and vegetable intake and mothers' use of pressure in the feeding domain when their daughters were 7 years old predicted picky eating and dietary intake when their daughters were 9 years old, and to examine diet and weight status in picky and nonpicky eaters. DESIGN/SUBJECTS: Participants were 173 9-year-old non-Hispanic white girls and their mothers. A longitudinal analysis was used to assess maternal influences on picky eating and diet. A cross-sectional analysis was used to examine diet and weight status between picky and nonpicky eaters. Measures included maternal feeding practices, daughters' pickiness, mothers' fruit and vegetable intake, daughters' food intake, and weight status. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: t tests examined differences between picky and nonpicky eaters. Structural equation modeling examined relationships among mothers' fruit and vegetable intake; child feeding practices; daughters' pickiness; and fruit, vegetable, micronutrient, and fiber intakes. RESULTS: Mothers consuming more fruits and vegetables were less likely to pressure their daughters to eat and had daughters who were less picky and consumed more fruits and vegetables. Picky eaters consumed fewer fruits and vegetables, but also fewer fats and sweets. All girls consumed low amounts of vitamin E, calcium, and magnesium, but more picky girls were at risk for not meeting recommendations for vitamins E and C and also consumed significantly less fiber. In addition, picky eaters were less likely to be overweight. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers influenced daughters' fruit and vegetable intake via their own patterns of fruit and vegetable intake and by influencing their daughters' tendencies to be picky eaters. Both picky and nonpicky eaters had aspects of their diets that did not meet recommendations. Taken together, these findings suggest that parents should focus less on "picky eating" behavior and more on modeling fruit and vegetable consumption for their children.     

医疗纠纷中的因素分析及护理防范

近年来，医疗和护患纠纷逐年上升并呈现出新的趋势和变化。文章参考了近几年来有关医疗纠纷和护患纠纷的文献，分析总结出现阶段医疗和护患纠纷的一些新的特点。同时，从医疗从业人员、患方、以及社会这3个方面对医疗和护患纠纷的产生及其发生变化的原因进行了剖析。归纳总结了一些医院实施减少医疗和护患纠纷的方法，根据国务院最新颁发的《医疗事故处理条例》及相关配套文件的要求，结合现阶段我国的情况提出了对医疗和护患纠纷的防范措施，希望能够对完善我国医疗护理服务；在新形势下建立和维持良好的护患关系；减少医疗和护患纠纷有所帮助。