促红细胞生成素治疗危重病人贫血的疗效观察

目的评价促红细胞生成素在危重病人贫血治疗中的效果及安全性。方法67例危重病人随机分成2组。EPO组(35例)于入院后即予重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)150U/kg皮下注射,连续10d;对照组(32例)不给予rhEPO,其它处理同EPO组。对两组的治疗结果进行分析。结果两组患者RET计数及Hb恢复有显著差异(P<0.05),而RBC计数及HCT差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。结论早期应用rhEPO治疗危重病人贫血,能提高RET计数,增加Hb含量,改善患者贫血。     

促红细胞生成素在治疗恶性血液病贫血中应用

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)在治疗恶性血液病患者贫血中的临床应用。方法:随机将36例恶性血液病伴有贫血患者分为2组各18例进行对照研究,治疗组18例给予益比奥1万单位皮下注射,每周3次。对照组不用EPO,其他同治疗组。结果:治疗组18例患者治疗前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)分别为(65.7±9.8)g/L,(0.21±0.03)和(101.2±15.3)g/L,(0.32±0.02)。治疗组治疗4周后Hb浓度较对照组(72.1±12.5)g/L上升明显,P<0.01。结论:应用EPO治疗恶性血液病贫血,不仅能提高Hb水平,而且可以减少输血,副反应少,值得应用于临床。     

慢性呼吸衰竭贫血患者血清EPO检测与临床意义

目的探讨血清促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)、红细胞(RBC)相关参数水平,为临床应用重组人红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythrop ietin,rHuEPO)治疗慢性呼吸衰竭贫血检测提供理论数据。方法收集25例慢性呼吸衰竭患者的血清,应用酶联免疫法检测EPO水平和RBC相关参数水平,并将其与20例正常对照进行比较,以直线相关分析EPO水平和RBC相关参数之间的关系。结果慢性呼吸衰竭贫血患者血清中EPO水平为99.70±28.90 mIU/ml,显著高于正常对照组的21.5±5.26 mIU/ml,二者比较差异有统计学显著性意义(t=2.67,P<0.01)。两组Hb,HCT水平差异有统计学显著性意义(t=2.52,2.23,均P<0.01),RBC两组差异有统计学意义(t=2.12,P<0.05)。患者的血清EPO水平与RBC,Hb,HCT值之间呈负相关关系(均P<0.01)。结论呼吸衰竭贫血患者血清EPO水平可反应性增高,但个体间有差异,应根据各种检测数据制定治疗方案,动态检测血清EPO水平,对呼吸衰竭贫血的治疗以及预后判断有重要的临床参考价值。     

成分输血对慢性贫血患者临床症状及血红蛋白和红细胞水平的影响

目的探讨成分输血对慢性贫血患者临床症状以及血红蛋白、红细胞水平的改善作用。方法以随机数字法将80例慢性贫血患者分为2组,每组40例。对照组给予全血治疗,观察组给予成分输血治疗。治疗前后,检测患者血液学相关指标[红细胞(RBC)平均值、血红蛋白(Hb)平均值和血细胞比容(HCT)]。并统计输血情况相关指标[平均输血量和每次输血间隔时间]、治疗效果和不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组平均输血量为(589.73±48.54)m L明显低于对照组的(986.48±65.43)m L(P0.05);观察组每次输血间隔时间为(38.64±5.83)d明显高于对照组的(30.39±4.35)d(P0.05)。治疗后,两组RBC、Hb、及HCT水平均明显升高(P0.05),且观察组RBC、Hb、及HCT水平分别为(3.58±0.32)×1012/L、(81.82±4.92)g/L、(0.42±0.08)L/L明显高于对照组的(3.03±0.36)×1012/L、(73.27±4.52)g/L、(0.35±0.04)L/L,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为90.0%,显著高于对照组77.5%(P0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率为10.0%,显著低于对照组35.0%(P0.05)。结论成分输血比全血治疗更能显著改善慢性贫血患者的血红蛋白、红细胞水平和临床症状,不良反应更少。     

蛋白琥珀酸铁联合促红细胞生成素防治高危早产儿贫血的效果观察

目的分析蛋白琥珀酸铁联合促红细胞生成素(EPO)防治高危早产儿贫血的临床价值。方法回顾性分析100例高危贫血早产儿的临床资料,按用药方式分为联合组(蛋白琥珀酸铁+EPO,n=58)与对照组(EPO,n=42),比较2组治疗前后血清铁、铁蛋白(SF)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)水平及体质量的变化,统计2组输血率及输血次数,比较2组治疗不良反应及贫血发生率。结果治疗后,联合组血清铁、SF、Hb、RBC、HCT、体质量及对照组Hb、RBC、HCT、体质量均显著上升(P0.05),且联合组治疗后血清铁、SF、Hb、RBC、HCT、体质量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。联合组输血率、输血次数、治疗不同时间贫血发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论蛋白琥珀酸铁联合促红细胞生成素可有效预防高危早产儿贫血,减少输血率,改善造血功能。     

重组人红细胞生成素对恶性肿瘤患者贫血及睡眠的影响

目的:探讨重组人红细胞生成素(EPO)对恶性肿瘤患者贫血及睡眠的影响。方法:将2014年5月至2017年1月我院收取的68例恶性肿瘤相关性贫血患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组34例,对照组在化疗的同时加用力蜚能,研究组在对照组基础上应用重组人EPO,连续治疗4周。治疗前后检测2组血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)等指标变化,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估患者睡眠质量,观察2组不良反应。结果:治疗后2组Hb及研究组RBC和HCT均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。治疗前研究组和对照组PSQI评分分别为(7.58±2.32)分、(7.49±2.15)分,治疗后分别为(4.12±1.23)分、(7.33±2.16)分,研究组PSQI评分较治疗前降低,且低于对照组(P0.01)。2组治疗期间均无明显不良反应发生。结论:重组人EPO可明显改善恶性肿瘤患者贫血状态,提高患者睡眠质量,且安全性高。     

促红细胞生成素对老年肺癌贫血的疗效及安全性评价

目的观察促红细胞生成素(EPO)对老年肺癌贫血的治疗效果并评价其治疗安全性。方法以2011年5月至2013年6月收治的肺癌合并贫血的36例老年患者为研究对象,按随机数字表格法分为两组。对照组18例患者给予蔗糖铁注射液,观察组在对照组基础上加用EPO,两组在对症处理与营养支持上相同,且均不放化疗,治疗6周后比较两组疗效。结果治疗后两组患者的红细胞数、血红蛋白数及血细胞比容值均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05);观察组治疗后上述3个指标均明显高于采用对照组[(4.27±0.38)×1012/L vs.(3.53±0.42)×1012/L,(115.12±5.47)g/L vs.(95.64±5.66)g/L,(36.54±4.38)%vs.(31.41±3.13)%,均P0.05];观察组的总有效率94.44%也明显高于对照组的77.78%(P0.05)。结论 EPO治疗老年肺癌贫血安全有效,建议在治疗过程中对患者进行血压监测。     

虫草益肾颗粒联合促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血的疗效比较

目的观察虫草益肾颗粒联合促红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗肾性贫血的临床疗效。方法将60例符合入选标准的肾性贫血患者按照随机数字表法分为两组。对照组单纯应用EPO改善贫血,治疗组在对照组基础上加用虫草益肾颗粒。两组均予慢性肾衰竭一般治疗,并补充铁剂、叶酸、维生素B12。EPO注射液(3000单位/支),按100 U·kg~(-1)·W~(-1),每周分2~3次皮下注射。为了及时调整EPO用量,每2周检测1次血常规。血红蛋白(Hb)达到115 g/L时EPO适当减量,两组病例均以8周为1疗程,观察1个疗程。观察治疗前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比积(HCT)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)变化情况。结果与同组治疗前相比,治疗组治疗后Scr及BUN数值降低(P<0.05),Hb水平升高(P<0.05),HCT明显升高(P<0.01)。对照组治疗后Scr及BUN水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Hb及HCT水平升高(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组升高Hb、HCT及降低Scr及BUN的效果均优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论虫草益肾颗粒联合EPO治疗肾性贫血较单用EPO疗效更好。     

血源治疗妊娠期轻中度贫血的疗效观察

目的观察血源对妊娠期轻中度贫血的疗效。方法对369例轻中度妊娠期贫血患者,服血源2个疗程,共20d,治疗后观察孕妇的血色素、红细胞及红细胞压积的恢复情况。结果治疗后HGB由(88±13)g/L上升至(116±8)g/L,RBC由(3.48±0.344)×1012/L上升至(3.83±0.42)4×1012/L,HCT由(0.28±0.03)上升至(0.32±0.02)。结论血源治疗妊娠期贫血疗效确切。     

重组人红细胞生成素治疗肿瘤化疗相关贫血的临床研究

目的:观察重组人红细胞生成素(rhEPO)治疗肿瘤化疗相关贫血的疗效。方法:根据NCCN《癌症及其治疗相关贫血治疗指南》,选择54例肿瘤化疗相关贫血患者(Hb<11g/L),所有病例均经病理或细胞学检查确诊。分为2组,治疗组32例,给予皮下注射rhEPO4000U/周,连用8周。对照组22例,不给予rhEPO治疗,仅给予益血生口服。分别于治疗2、4、6、8周后评定疗效。结果:治疗组和对照组基础Hb水平分别为(91±10)和(97±8)g/L;治疗后2周Hb增加分别为(10.2±5.3)和(3.8±5.9)g/L;治疗后4周Hb增加分别为(21.2±7.8)和(17.7±5.8)g/L;治疗后6周Hb增加分别为(26.2±6.4)和(23.7±6.8)g/L;治疗后8周Hb增加分别为(30.3±8.8)和(26.0±6.9)g/L。治疗组和对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:rhEPO4000U/周对治疗肿瘤化疗相关贫血有肯定的疗效,能为顺利完成化疗提供有力的保障,而且安全患者能够耐受。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.