颈椎哑铃形肿瘤的手术治疗策略

目的：探讨颈椎哑铃形肿瘤的手术入路和内固定重建方法。方法：1998年1月～2007年1月我院收治并获得随访的颈椎哑铃形肿瘤患者34例，其中神经鞘瘤23例，神经纤维瘤5例，神经纤维瘤病1例，节神经细胞瘤3例；恶性神经鞘瘤2例。在颈椎CT或MRI横断面图像矢状轴上从后至前分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ区，神经轴上从内至外分为A～D区．肿瘤累及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区者选择后路手术，累及Ⅳ、Ⅴ区患者选择前路手术，累及A区者选择后路手术，B、C区可以选择后路、前路或侧方入路，D区选择前路或侧方入路，根据肿瘤所累及的区域整合出最终的手术方式。回顾分析手术方式选择及疗效。结果：行单纯后路手术20例，单纯前路手术6例，外侧入路手术1例。前后路联合手术7例。所有病例均彻底切除肿瘤，其中10例术中切断载瘤神经，2例结扎单侧椎动脉。术后平均随访55个月，良性肿瘤复发1例，恶性肿瘤均复发。23例行内固定，随访期间无内固定松动和后凸畸形发生；10例后路手术未行内固定者5例出现颈椎后凸畸形，1例出现侧后凸畸形。结论：对颈椎哑铃形肿瘤进行分区有助于手术方式的选择。彻底切除可明显降低良性肿瘤的复发率；肿瘤切除导致脊柱稳定性破坏时需重建其稳定性。     

颈椎椎管内外生长的哑铃型肿瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨颈椎椎管内外生长的哑铃型肿瘤的显微外科手术及颈椎前路减压钛网植入锁定钢板内固定和颈椎后路侧块螺钉钢板固定两者联合治疗的方法和特点。方法分析13例颈段哑铃型椎管内肿瘤病人的临床特点、影像学特征、显微手术及颈椎前路减压钛网植入锁定钢板内固定和颈椎后路侧块螺钉钢板固定两者联合治疗的方法与治疗结果。结果 13例患者术前MRI检查明确诊断,CT颈椎重建明确肿瘤相邻颈椎椎体及其附件的破坏程度。所有患者均行显微手术切除肿瘤,同时行颈椎前路减压钛网植入锁定钢板内固定加颈椎后路侧块螺钉钢板固定的方法。肿瘤全切11例,部分切除2例,所有患者术后颈椎稳定性良好。结论颈椎椎管内外生长的哑铃型肿瘤往往伴有不同程度的椎体及其附件的破坏,单纯切除肿瘤会造成颈椎稳定性受损,患者需要行颈椎前路减压钛网植入锁定钢板内固定和颈椎后路侧块螺钉钢板固定两者联合治疗的方法,以防术后颈椎不稳而造成脊髓压迫。     

脊柱肿瘤的手术治疗

目的 :探讨对于脊柱肿瘤一期全脊椎切除及脊柱稳定性重建的手术方法和临床效果。方法 :对 12例脊柱肿瘤行前、后路或前、后联合入路Ⅰ期全脊椎切除、脊髓减压 ,椎间植骨融合、内固定术。结果 :术后 11例获得随访 ,按照Frankel分级较术前均有 1级以上提高 ,所有患者局部疼痛症状消失。术后复查平均植骨融合时间 3个月。1例脊索瘤术后 1年复发 ,1例巨细胞瘤术后 9个月复发。结论 :针对脊柱肿瘤的性质、部位 ,通过不同的手术入路行一期全脊椎切除、植骨融合内固定 ,彻底切除肿瘤 ,重建脊柱稳定性并体现了个体化的治疗方向     

一期前后联合入路上颈椎全切除术治疗上颈椎肿瘤

目的探讨一期前后联合入路上颈椎全切除术治疗上颈椎肿瘤的疗效。方法5例上颈椎肿瘤患者一次性行前后路肿瘤切除术,先行后路肿瘤切除、Cervifix内固定枕颈融合,再行前路劈开下颌骨经咽入路肿瘤切除术。结果5例均获随访,随访时间6～54个月,根据Frankel分级,3例由术前D级恢复到E级,1例由术前C级恢复到D级,术后无一例出现神经损伤、感染等并发症,1例术后30个月复发。结论应用一期前后联合入路上颈椎肿瘤切除术,可清楚显露上颈椎肿瘤,便于较大范围肿瘤切除,彻底减压,重建上颈椎的稳定性。     

内窥镜辅助下前路上颈椎肿瘤切除与稳定性重建

目的:探讨前路内窥镜辅助下经颈动脉三角C1～C2肿瘤切除、稳定性重建和后路内固定的手术特点以及临床治疗效果。方法:2006年1月～2009年12月收治8例上颈椎肿瘤患者,男性5例,女性3例,年龄16～51岁,平均35.6岁。枕颈部疼痛不适5例,合并神经症状3例(Frankel分级C级1例,D级2例)。均以枢椎椎体破坏为主,同时累及枢椎后柱者3例,累及寰椎前弓者1例。浆细胞瘤3例,转移癌2例,骨软骨瘤1例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例。采用一期后路内固定植骨联合前路内窥镜辅助下肿瘤切除自体髂骨植骨重建,术后良性病变患者定期随访观察,原发恶性肿瘤及转移癌患者行辅助放疗或化疗。对所有患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:围手术期无严重并发症发生。随访9个月～4年,平均24个月,CT证实植骨获得满意融合。3例术前伴有神经功能损害者末次随访时Frankel分级各改善1级。1例转移癌患者于术后11个月时死于肺癌,另1例转移癌患者术后9个月复发并出现多个椎体转移,1例浆细胞瘤患者术后17个月随访时转为多发性骨髓瘤,其余5例患者未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论:前路内窥镜辅助下切除上颈椎肿瘤、稳定性重建并后路内固定能够在一定程度上克服传统手术显露困难的缺点,减少手术并发症,但如何完成肿瘤一期彻底或整块切除还有待进一步研究。     

脊柱肿瘤切除术后稳定性重建

目的：探索脊柱肿瘤切除术后稳定性重建的方法与效果。方法：本组对28例脊柱肿瘤实施了椎体切除。扇形半脊椎切除，附件切除和全脊椎发除四种术式，同时采用了椎体间植骨，人工椎体及前，后路内固定重建技术。结果：全组病人局部疼痛及放射痛缓解。13例截瘫患者中11例肌力均有不同程度改善。11例原发良性肿瘤中2例术后4和10年复发，1例伴恶变，均再次治疗，11例原发恶性肿瘤中2例术后9和12个月死亡，1例植骨块脱出，再次手术。另1例局部肿瘤复发截瘫加重，再次手术但神经功能无恢复。内固定并发症有；钉尾螺母松动脱落1例，椎弓根螺钉位置不良4例计9枚。结论：应用椎体间植骨，人工椎体并辅以前。后路内固定可有效重建脊柱稳定性，促进患者术后早期康复。     

脊柱转移肿瘤的外科治疗方法探究

背景：脊柱是恶性肿瘤中除肺脏、肝脏外最常见的转移部位。脊柱转移肿瘤严重影响患者的生活质量,近年来患者的生存期延长,多数骨科医师选择手术治疗改善患者的生存质量。目的：初步评估脊柱转移肿瘤切除和脊柱重建的疗效。方法：2001年1月至2009年11月收治脊柱转移肿瘤患者42例,分别进行前路椎体切除,后路椎板切除减压,一期后路全椎体切除术和经皮椎体成形术。对比各种手术的手术时间、平均出血量、术后疼痛缓解率和症状缓解率。结果：随访时间为5-108个月。前路椎体切除手术平均手术时间234min,出血量1966ml,术后疼痛缓解率为83％,症状缓解率为33％;后路椎板切除减压手术平均手术时间218min,出血量1292ml,术后疼痛缓解率为85％,症状缓解率为28％;一期后路全椎体切除术手术平均手术时间290min,平均出血量2275ml,术后疼痛缓解率为100％,症状缓解率为57％;经皮椎体成形术时间短、出血量少（均未统计）,疼痛缓解率为100％,之前均无症状。结论：一期后路全椎体切除术手术时间较长,平均出血量较多,但术后症状缓解率和疼痛缓解率较高,对于单节段病变椎体或者致病椎为单节段、无重要内脏转移、一般情况较好、预期寿命超过半年的患者,应采用一期后路全椎体切除术以达到解除病痛的效果。     

颈胸段脊柱肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 观察比较不同手术入路方法治疗颈胸段脊柱肿瘤的疗效。方法 本组９例,共１０例次。对其中４例肿瘤同时累及椎体及椎体后部结构的患者,选择前后路同期手术,经前路切除肿瘤、椎管减压及钢筋骨水泥或前路钢板固定,并同期行后路肿瘤切除术,其中１例行Ｌａｕｑｕｅ棒固定;对４例肿瘤仅累及椎体者,选择经前路切除肿瘤、椎管减压、钢筋骨水泥固定;另２例肿瘤单纯累及椎体后部结构者,经后路行肿瘤切除和椎管减压术。术后４例     

不同方式的脊椎切除术治疗颈椎肿瘤

尽可能彻底地对原发性脊柱肿瘤做外科切除是整个治疗的首要环节.颈椎前路椎体切除和后路椎弓切除为治疗颈椎肿瘤的常规手术,但有时肿瘤侵及脊椎范围甚广,需要做全脊椎切除术;有时肿瘤偏向侧方主要侵犯横突、椎弓根及其前后的延伸部、椎间孔区域,无论单纯前路或后路手术都不能达到肿瘤的全部切除.从侧方入路能兼顾前、侧、后三个方面,可较为彻底地切除病灶.1996年至1998年初我院采用全脊椎切除术、矢状向半脊椎切除术和侧方扇形脊椎切除术治疗颈椎肿瘤6例,介绍如下.     

Ⅰ期经后路椎板切除治疗上颈椎椎管内肿瘤

目的探讨上颈椎椎管内肿瘤后路手术治疗的方法及疗效。方法16例上颈椎椎管内肿瘤患者,采用后路椎板切除摘除肿瘤,同时行钉棒系统内固定加取自体髂骨植骨融合术。结果16例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间6～58个月（平均27．4个月）,根据Frankel分级,7例由术前的D级恢复至E级,5例由术前的C级恢复至D级,术后影像学检查见植骨融合良好。结论后路椎板切除摘除肿瘤,钉棒系统内固定加植骨融合治疗上颈椎椎管内肿瘤,达到了解除颈髓、神经根、椎动脉压迫,彻底切除肿瘤病灶,重建上颈椎的稳定,提高患者生活质量的目的。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DCI治疗(DCI组)。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量,术前及术后1年日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手术节段Cobb角、C2~7颈椎曲度、邻近椎体高度及颈椎各运动方向(前屈后伸、左右侧曲、左右旋转)的ROM。结果所有手术顺利完成。2组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DCI组手术时间比ACDF组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1年JOA评分、VAS评分和邻近椎体高度均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年ACDF组C2~7颈椎曲度、手术节段Cobb角均较术前有所丢失,DCI组无明显丢失,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年2组前屈后伸、左右侧曲ROM与术前比较均未出现明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年2组左右旋转ROM出现了相近程度的受限,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACDF与DCI治疗单节段CDH均可获得满意的临床效果,虽然ACDF术后影像学资料显示有生理曲度的丢失,但颈椎ROM维持良好,并不影响患者的生活质量。     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。