白细胞介素┐1α诱导脑血管内皮细胞与单核细胞的粘附和迁移及药物拮抗作用

目的研究细胞因子ＩＬ－１α影响单核细胞（ＭＮＣ）与体外培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＭＥＣ）粘附、迁移的动力学过程及药物的保护作用。方法利用培养在胶原层上的内皮细胞单层,对粘附于内皮细胞单层上的ＭＮＣ及胶原层中的ＭＮＣ计数,计算ＭＮＣ粘附率及迁移率。结果ＩＬ－１α（５００ｋＵ·Ｌ－１）可促进ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移,其促粘附与迁移作用具明显的时效关系。ＩＬ－１α促进粘附达最大效应时间为２ｈ,粘附率达３７．３％,较对照提高６２．６％。ＩＬ－１α促迁移作用２ｈ达到坪值,迁移率为１７．４％,较对照提高１４１．７％。药物欧芹素乙（ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ,ＩＭＰ）、已酮可可碱（ｐｅｎｔｏｘｉｆｙｌｉｎｅ,ＰＴＸ）对ＩＬ－１α引起的ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。在浓度为１、１０及１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时,其粘附抑制率分别为３７．７％、４２．０％、６６．０％和３８．３％、６４．２％、８７．０％;迁移抑制率分别为３２．８％、６６．４％、７０．７％和３８．８％、５５．２％、７４．１％。结论ＩＭＰ与ＰＴＸ呈剂量依赖性抑制ＭＮＣ与ＩＬ－１α诱导的ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附及迁移。     

白细胞介素┐1α诱导脑血管内皮细胞与单核细胞的粘附和迁移及药物拮抗作用

目的研究细胞因子ＩＬ－１α影响单核细胞（ＭＮＣ）与体外培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＭＥＣ）粘附、迁移的动力学过程及药物的保护作用。方法利用培养在胶原层上的内皮细胞单层,对粘附于内皮细胞单层上的ＭＮＣ及胶原层中的ＭＮＣ计数,计算ＭＮＣ粘附率及迁移率。结果ＩＬ－１α（５００ｋＵ·Ｌ－１）可促进ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移,其促粘附与迁移作用具明显的时效关系。ＩＬ－１α促进粘附达最大效应时间为２ｈ,粘附率达３７．３％,较对照提高６２．６％。ＩＬ－１α促迁移作用２ｈ达到坪值,迁移率为１７．４％,较对照提高１４１．７％。药物欧芹素乙（ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ,ＩＭＰ）、已酮可可碱（ｐｅｎｔｏｘｉｆｙｌｉｎｅ,ＰＴＸ）对ＩＬ－１α引起的ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。在浓度为１、１０及１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时,其粘附抑制率分别为３７．７％、４２．０％、６６．０％和３８．３％、６４．２％、８７．０％;迁移抑制率分别为３２．８％、６６．４％、７０．７％和３８．８％、５５．２％、７４．１％。结论ＩＭＰ与ＰＴＸ呈剂量依赖性抑制ＭＮＣ与ＩＬ－１α诱导的ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附及迁移。     

Effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation and cytokines on adhesion of leukocytes to cerebral microvascular endothelial cells 1

目的：研究缺氧／再给氧（Ｈ／Ｒ）对中性粒细胞（Ｎｅｕ）和单核细胞（Ｍｏｎ）与诱导的培养牛脑微血管细胞粘附作用的影响．方法：牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＣＭＥＣ）和平滑肌细胞（ＣＭＳＭＣ）经Ｈ／Ｒ处理或经ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１α刺激,Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＣＭＥＣ和ＣＭＳＭＣ粘附的细胞数目用流式细胞仪测定．结果：ＣＭＥＣ先缺氧２ｈ再经复氧与ＴＮＦα（２μｇ·Ｌ－１）作用２ｈ,Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＣＭＥＣ的粘附率分别提高到３５０％±０９％和３６０％±０６％（ＴＮＦα处理组分别是２８９％±１１％和２８８％±１３％）．ＣＭＳＭＣ也按上述处理,Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ的粘附率分别显著提高为４９９％±０４％和４３９％±１４％（ＴＮＦα处理组分别为３４０％±１９％和３４０％±１３％）．ＣＭＥＣ和ＣＭＳＭＣ经ＩＬ１α刺激,可得到类似结果．结论：Ｈ／Ｒ提高Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１α诱导的ＣＭＥＣ和ＣＭＳＭＣ的粘附作用．     

白细胞介素—1α诱导脑血管内皮细胞与单核细胞的粘附和迁移及 …

研究细胞因子ＩＬ－１α影响单核细胞与体外培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞粘 ,迁移的动力学过程及药物的保护作用。方法 利用培养在胶原层上的内皮细胞单层,对粘附于内皮细胞单层上的ＭＮＣ及胶原层中的ＭＮＣ计数,计算ＭＮＣ粘附率及迁移率。结果 ＩＬ－１α可促进ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移,其促粘附与迁移作用具明显的时效关系。     

Tumor necrosis factor mediated release of platelet-derived growth factor from bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

研究ＴＮＦ介导的ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ及药物对ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖的保护作用．方法：体外培养ＢＣＭＥＣ和ＢＣＭＳＭＣ，用结晶紫染色法观察ＴＮＦ引起的ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ继而促进ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖作用．结果：ＴＮＦ不能促进无血清培养的ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖，但ＴＮＦ（５－２０μｇ·Ｌ－１）剂量依赖地促进ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ．ＴＮＦ（２０μｇ·Ｌ－１）促进ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖的百分率为３４±４％．药物Ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ，ｉｓｏｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ和ＰＭＤＰ不影响ＴＮＦ引起ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ，但能剂量依赖地（１－１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）抑制ＰＤＧＦ促ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖的作用．结论：ＴＮＦ促进ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ继而引起ＢＣＭＳＭＣ的增殖．药物能抑制ＰＤＧＦ引起的ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖．     

缺氧／再给氧和细胞因子对白细胞与脑微血管内皮细胞粘附作用？…

目的：研究缺氧／再给氧（Ｈ／Ｒ）对中性粒细胞（Ｎｅｕ）和单核细胞（Ｍｏｎ）与诱导的培养牛脑微血管细胞粘附作用的影响。方法：牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＣＭＦＣ）和平滑肌细胞（ＣＭＳＭＣ）经Ｈ／Ｒ处理或经ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－１α刺激，Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＣＭＥＣ和ＣＭＳＭＣ粘附的细胞数目用流式细胞仪测定，结果：ＣＭＥＣ先缺氧２ｈ再经复氧与ＴＮＦ－α（２μｇ．Ｌ＾－１）作用２ｈ，Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＣＭＥＣ的粘附率分别     

烟碱对白细胞介素1β诱导的培养牛脑微血管内皮细胞表达E-选择素的增强作用

目的··：观察烟碱对牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＭＥＣ）表达Ｅ－选择素的影响。方法··：离体培养新生牛脑微血管内皮细胞;血细胞计数仪测定ＢＣＭＥＣ粘附大鼠血单核细胞（ＭＮ）的数目;应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＢＣＭＥＣ表达Ｅ－选择素的量。结果··：高浓度烟碱（１０－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）单独作用于ＢＣＭＥＣ２ｈ后,使ＢＣＭＥＣ对ＭＮ的粘附率从１２．９％±ｓ０．４％增至１５．７％±ｓ０．６％,且ＢＣＭＥＣ也可表达少量的Ｅ－选择素;而当烟碱与ＢＣＭＥＣ作用２ｈ后,再经白细胞介素１β（ＩＬ－１β）诱导４ｈ,烟碱可浓度依赖性（１０－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１－１０－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）地增强ＩＬ－１β的诱导作用,增加ＢＣＭＥＣ对ＭＮ的粘附率以及Ｅ－选择素的表达量;抗Ｅ－选择素单克隆（ＡＥｍＡｂ）能显著阻断ＩＬ－１β诱导ＢＣＭＥＣ后对ＭＮ的粘附率。结论··：烟碱增强ＩＬ－１β诱导的脑微血管内皮细胞表达Ｅ－选择素的作用。     

Effects of tanshinone Ⅱ-A sullfonate on adhesion molecule expression of endothelial cells and platelets in vitro

探讨丹参酮ⅡＡ磺酸钠（Ｔａｎ）对培养人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）和人血小板表达粘附分子的影响．方法：用流动血细胞计数仪测定肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦα）诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞ＩＣＡＭ１和凝血酶诱导人血小板Ｐ选择素的表达．结果：ＨＵＶＥＣ经ＴＮＦα处理后，明显增加细胞表面ＩＣＡＭ１的表达，增加ＨＬ６０细胞粘附到内皮细胞表面达加入细胞总数的３０％±６％（对照组为４６％±０７％）．在ＴＮＦα处理前，用Ｔａｎ（２５－２００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）与ＨＵＶＥＣ共孵育，则Ｔａｎ剂量依赖性地抑制ＴＮＦα的作用．Ｔａｎ（２５－２００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）与人血小板孵育后，可剂量依赖性地抑制凝血酶诱导人血小板表面Ｐｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎ的表达．结论：Ｔａｎ可抑制内皮细胞和血小板表达粘附分子．     

已酮可可碱与蛋白激酶C抑制剂对佛波醇酯诱导脑微血管内皮细胞？…

目的：研究佛波醇酯（ＰＭＡ）地大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞（ＲＢＭＥＣ）表达细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）及ＰＫＣ抑制剂Ｈ７与已酮可可碱（ＰＴＸ）的抑制作用。方法：采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法测定培养ＲＢＭＥＣ表达ＩＣＡＭ－１。结果：ＰＭＡ在１０－１００．Ｌ＾－１范围内剂量依赖性地诱导ＲＢＭＥＣ表达ＩＣＡＭ－１;在４－１６ｈ范围内时间依赖性诱导ＲＢＭＥＣ表达ＩＣＡＭ－１。Ｈ７和ＰＴＸ分别在５－５０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白促进单核细胞与血管内皮细胞粘附作用(英文)

目的：研究氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ｏｘＬＤＬ）对单核细胞与血管内皮细胞粘附作用．方法：用超速离心方法分离健康人血浆低密度脂蛋白，以１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＣｕＳＯ４氧化．观察ｏｘＬＤＬ对人外周血单核细胞（ＭＣ）与小牛主动脉血管内皮细胞（ＢＡＥＣ）粘附作用的影响．结果：ｏｘＬＤＬ能以时间和剂量依赖性方式促进ＭＣ与ＢＡＥＣ粘附作用．放线菌酮Ｄ和ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ（Ｓｔａ）能取消这种促进作用，但硫酸葡聚糖对此作用无影响．ＰＭＡ和６μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１溶血性磷酯酰胆硷也显著增强ＭＣ与ＢＡＥＣ的粘附作用，且此增敏作用也可被Ｓｔａ取消．结论：ｏｘＬＤＬ能通过激活蛋白激酶Ｃ促进ＭＣ与ＢＡＥＣ的粘附作用．     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.