人早孕蜕膜基质细胞对育龄期女性外周血Treg的影响

目的:探讨人早孕蜕膜基质细胞(DSCs)对育龄女性外周血Treg细胞的影响。方法:分离培养育龄期女性外周血淋巴细胞(PBLC);分离培养正常人早孕DSCs并传至第3代或第4代,后分为4组。1对照组:单纯培养PBLC;2共培养组:PBLC+DSCs培养组;3脂多糖(LPS)刺激组:PBLC+DSCs+LPS培养组;4吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)阻断组:PBLC+DSCs+LPS+PDTC培养组。蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测核因子κB抑制因子α(IκBα)蛋白表达水平;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测Fox P3 m RNA表达水平;流式细胞仪检测Treg细胞亚群比例。结果:分离培养的人原代DSCs的纯度大于95%。Western blotting和RT-PCR结果显示,共培养组IκBα蛋白、Fox P3 m RNA表达明显高于其余3组(P<0.05);与共培养组相比,LPS刺激组IκBα蛋白、Fox P3 m RNA表达降低(P<0.05),与LPS刺激组相比,PDTC阻断组IκBα蛋白、Fox P3 m RNA表达升高,但仍低于共培养组(P<0.05)。流式细胞术检测显示,共培养组Treg细胞亚群比例高于其余3组(P<0.05);与共培养组相比,LPS刺激组Treg细胞亚群比例下降;PDTC阻断组Treg细胞亚群比例高于LPS刺激组,但仍低于共培养组(P<0.05)。结论:人早孕DSCs能上调育龄期女性外周血淋巴细胞中Treg细胞亚群比例,加入LPS刺激后Treg细胞亚群比例下降,可能与级联活化IκB激酶,降解IκBα,活化NF-κB信号通路,从而抑制Fox P3表达增高有关。     

雌性小鼠不同时期雌激素及其受体表达对Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg免疫平衡的影响

目的 探索雌性小鼠不同时期雌激素及其受体表达对Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg免疫平衡的影响。方法 取2月龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为发情间期组、发情期组、妊娠期组,取13月龄雌性小鼠作为绝经期组,每组10只。分别检测4组小鼠血清雌激素(E2)水平、脾脏雌激素受体α(ERα)、雌激素受体β(ERβ) mRNA水平以及脾脏单个核细胞Th1、Th2、Th17、Treg亚群比例,计算Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比值,并分析E2水平、ERαmRNA水平分别与Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比值的相关性。结果 与发情间期组比,发情期组、妊娠期组小鼠E2水平、ERαmRNA水平、Th2、Treg亚群比例升高(P 0. 05),Th1、Th17亚群比例、Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比值降低(P 0. 05);绝经期组小鼠E2水平、ERαmRNA水平、Th2、Treg亚群比例降低(P 0. 05),Th1、Th17亚群比例、Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比值升高(P 0. 05)。E2水平、ERαmRNA水平分别与Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比值呈负相关(P 0. 05)。结论 雌性小鼠不同时期雌激素及其受体表达水平不同,且与Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比值呈负相关,可能调节Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg免疫平衡。     

703株志贺氏菌菌型分析及某些流行病学特征

本文报导了1985年以来我省收集的703株志贺氏菌型别分布情况及某些流行病学特征。这些菌株来自我省18个地、市、州,血清鉴定分属4个菌群,其中 B 群549株(占78.09%)、D 群127株(占18.07%)、A 群22株(占3.13%),C 群5株(占0.71%)。B 群中,以2a、3a、1b 血清型为常见流行株;D 群在主要城市占一定比例;A 群菌集中分布在甘孜、凉山两地,是引起该地区痢疾病爆发流行的主要病原菌。年龄分布以16岁以上青壮年组占多数(占71.98%),其次是5岁以下婴幼儿。     

宫清方诱导Th1/Th2亚群漂移减轻药物流产后子宫出血动物研究

目的:探讨药物流产中Th1/Th2亚群漂移与子宫出血量的相关性以及宫清方减轻药物流产后子宫出血的作用机制。方法:将孕鼠20只随机分为米非司酮大(1.5mg/kg·d)、小(0.88mg/kg·d)剂量组各10只,改良碱性正铁血红素法检测子宫出血量,流式细胞术双染色法检测母胎界面Th1、Th2亚群比例;孕鼠40只随机分为米非司酮组(1.5mg/kgod)、宫清方大、中、小剂量组各10只,检测子宫出血量及母胎界面Th1、Th2亚群比例;逆转录-聚合酶链式反应检测母胎界面干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-4(IL-4)mRNA转录水平。结果:米非司酮大剂量组小鼠子宫出血量<米非司酮小剂量组(P<0.05),药物流产小鼠子宫出血量与Th1亚群比例、Th1/Th2比值呈负相关(P<0.05),与Th2亚群比例呈正相关(P<0.05)。宫清方能明显减少米非司酮药物流产小鼠子宫出血量(P<0.05),升高IFN-γmRNA表达及Th1亚群比例(P<0.05),降低IL-4mRNA表达及Th2亚群比例(P<0.05),升高Th1/Th2比值(P<0.05)。结论:米非司酮药物流产中Th1/Th2亚群漂移与子宫出血量密切相关,宫清方通过优势诱导药物流产小鼠母胎界面Th1/Th2平衡向Th1漂移,减轻子宫出血。     

幼儿反复呼吸道感染血铅水平及对细胞免疫的影响

目的探讨幼儿反复呼吸道感染血铅水平分布与细胞免疫机能变化的关系。方法从反复呼吸道感染患儿中随机筛选80例,在反复呼吸道感染发作期,用原子吸收分光光度法进行血铅测定,依照1991年美国疾病控制与预防中心制订的儿童铅中毒诊断分级标准,将受试病例分为6级;用流式细胞仪检测患儿T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)。结果(1)80例患儿血铅含量均在Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,病例分布随着血铅含量增高逐渐减少。(2)血铅三级间T淋巴细胞亚群和B淋巴细胞亚群的差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;NK细胞的差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。(3)血铅含量分别与对应的T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群进行相关分析显示,二者之间存在负相关,P<0.05。结论(1)80例患儿均处于铅暴露中,以Ⅰ级居多,Ⅳ～Ⅵ级未见,近似于正偏态分布。(2)当患儿血铅含量增高时,T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群含量趋于降低,说明患儿反复呼吸道感染与铅暴露及其所致的细胞免疫机能抑制有关。     

不明原因复发性流产患者孕前主动免疫2次前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群及自身免疫性抗体变化的前瞻性研究

目的探讨孕前主动免疫2次对不明原因复发性流产(unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion,URSA)患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群及自身免疫性抗体的影响。方法选取2015年6月至2017年3月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科门诊确诊为URSA患者51例进行前瞻性研究。患者孕前采用主动免疫治疗2次,应用流式细胞技术和间接免疫荧光法分别检测治疗前后患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例和自身免疫性抗体的变化。结果 (1)与治疗前相比,主动免疫2次治疗后患者外周血中T抑制细胞(suppressor T cell,Ts)的百分比上升(P0.05);辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)的百分比与Th和Ts的比值(Th/Ts)下降(P0.05);(2)与治疗前相比,主动免疫2次治疗后患者外周血中CD 3~+T细胞的百分率呈上升趋势,自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)、B细胞的百分比呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)URSA患者进行主动免疫治疗前自身免疫性抗体均为阴性,2次主动免疫治疗后自身免疫性抗体的阳性率为27.5%(14/51),差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中主要是抗核抗体转阳。结论 URSA患者孕前进行主动免疫2次后外周血淋巴细胞亚群中Ts及Th/Ts比值会发生明显变化。但是主动免疫治疗2次后有超过1/4的患者自身免疫性抗体会被短暂激活并转阳,尤其是抗核抗体较为敏感。因此对孕前进行主动免疫治疗的URSA患者要尽早和及时检测主动免疫效果及自身免疫性抗体转阳率,以便于确定下一步治疗方案。     

急性髓性白血病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及CD56+细胞的临床意义的分析

目的:检测急性髓性白血病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及CD56+细胞比例的临床意义。方法:选取确诊但未治疗的急性白血病30例为初治组;确诊并经化疗达完全缓解的急性白血病30例为复治组;健康志愿者30例为正常对照组。用流式细胞仪检测初治组、复治组及对照组人群的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及CD56+细胞的比例,检测初治组中不同CD56+细胞组间患者血红蛋白及白蛋白水平。结果:初治组的CD3+T淋巴细胞、CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD8+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值较复治组及对照组均有显著性下降(P<0.05),而复治组与对照组比较差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。初治组AML的CD56+细胞比例超过25%患者为40%(12/30),而复治组仅10%(3/30),差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。初治组中CD56+细胞高表达组的血红蛋白(Hb)及白蛋白(Alb)显著性低于正常表达组(P<0.05)。结论:初治组急性髓性血病患者的T淋巴细胞亚群变化明显,说明细胞免疫与白血病的发生、发展及转归有关;急性髓性白血病患者CD56高表达提示临床状况较差,生活质量低,可能与预后不良有关。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染患者外周血T细胞亚群的表达特征与相关性研究

目的探讨外周血T细胞亚群及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-32在乙型肝炎患者中的分布,并分析其相关性。方法将2013年6月-2014年12月医院收治的29例急性乙型肝炎患者和78例慢性乙型肝炎患者分别设为急性乙型肝炎组和慢性乙型肝炎组,选取同期健康体检人员30名作为对照组;检测所有研究对象外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、IL-6和IL-32两种细胞因子的分布水平。结果乙型肝炎患者外周血中CD4+比例、CD4+/CD8+比值显著低于对照组,CD8+显著高于对照组;乙型肝炎患者IL-6和IL-32水平显著高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);乙型肝炎患者IL-6和IL-32水平与CD8+比例、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和总胆红素(TB)呈正相关,与CD4+比例、CD4+/CD8+比值和血清白蛋白(ALB)呈负相关。结论 T细胞亚群比例异常在乙型肝炎患者中普遍存在,机体免疫异常与IL-6和IL-32水平升高有关,二者通过参与免疫应答过程促进肝组织损伤及病情发展。     

结核病患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化的影响因素分析

目的:研究结核病患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化的影响因素。方法:用流式细胞术检测46例健康人(A组)、448例结核病患者[其中合并糖尿病的48例(B组),不合并糖尿病的400例(C组)]外周血中CD3+CD4+和CD3+CD8+T细胞比例,并计算CD4+/CD8+之比。根据健康人的CD4+/CD8+比值设定正常值范围。将患者分别按照不同的年龄段进行分组(B1组:≤50岁、B2组:>50岁;C1组:≤30岁、C2组:>30岁且≤50岁、C3组:>50岁),比较各组患者之间的CD4+/CD8+比值。结果:健康对照组CD4+/CD8+比值平均为1.43±0.45;B2、C2组该比值显著高于B1、C1组(P<0.01);B2组该比值显著高于C3组(P=0.011)。结论:CD4+/CD8+比值随年龄增加而升高,而在>50岁患者中,合并糖尿病患者中CD4+/CD8+比值显著增高(CD8+T细胞所占比例相对较低),可能与免疫力下降及易感性增高相关。     

宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染患者阴道微生态和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的分析宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染患者阴道微生态和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。方法选取2017年8月-2019年8月宁波大学医学院附属鄞州医院妇科门诊收治的138例生殖道感染患者,分为HPV感染组(57例)和普通感染组(81例),另选取同期50例健康女性为对照组。比较3组阴道菌群和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 HPV感染组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率分别为33.33%、87.72%、84.21%及80.70%;普通感染组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率分别为55.56%、60.49%、53.09%及50.62%;对照组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率分别为78.00%、38.00%、22.00%及24.00%。3组乳酸杆菌、衣原体、解脲脲原体及滴虫阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=21.487,P=0.000;χ~2=16.445,P=0.000;χ~2=20.885,P=0.000;χ~2=21.673,P=0.000)。HPV感染组乳酸杆菌阳性率显著低于普通感染组和对照组,衣原体、解脲脲原体、滴虫阳性率均显著高于普通感染组和对照组(均P0.05)。HPV感染组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值分别为(48.45±4.45)%、(45.03±4.78)%、(32.45±4.05)%及(1.39±0.35);普通感染组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值分别为(53.89±5.19)%、(48.02±4.08)%、(29.98±3.18)%及(1.60±0.41);对照组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值分别为(57.70±5.09)%、(51.98±4.17)%、(27.56±3.34)%及(1.89±0.48)。3组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平,CD4~+/CD8~+比值比较差异均有统计学意义(F=10.030,P=0.000; F=20.301,P=0.000; F=6.756,P=0.000; F=6.331,P=0.000)。HPV感染组外周血CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平及CD4~+/CD8~+比值均显著低于普通感染组和对照组,CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平显著高于普通感染组和对照组(均P0.05)。宫颈高危型HPV感染患者乳酸杆菌与外周血CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4~+/CD8~+比值呈正相关,与CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群呈负相关(均P0.05);宫颈高危型HPV感染患者衣原体、解脲脲原体、滴虫与CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4~+/CD8~+比值呈负相关,与CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论宫颈高危型HPV感染患者存在阴道菌群紊乱和免疫功能低下,纠正宫颈高危型HPV感染患者的阴道微生态,提高患者免疫能力,对于宫颈高危型HPV感染有一定的治疗作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.