关节旁骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学诊断

目的 探讨关节旁骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制、临床表现及X线特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。资料与方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的11例关节旁骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像学资料，其中5例位于膝关节附近，5例位于踝关节附近，1例位于肘关节，且均为单发。结果 11例X线表现：7例为单房性圆形或椭圆形密度减低区，其中2例与关节腔有一宽约1mm的通道；2例呈多房性囊状扩张，其内有粗细不等的间隔；另2例呈半圆形骨质缺损，开口朝向关节腔。11例均显示边界清楚，周围有宽约1mm的硬化边。结论 关节旁骨内腱鞘囊肿在临床和X线片上可早期诊断，但应与相关疾病鉴别，防止误诊。     

Epidermal inclusion cyst of phalanx: a case report and review of the literature

Epidermal cyst within a toe phalanx is an extremely rare condition. It is important to differentiate this benign lesion, which can be easily treated by curettage, from other benign and malignant lesions of the bone with a similar clinical presentation, and which may require amputation of the toe. This report describes one such lesion in the mid-phalanx of the fourth toe in a 48-year-old woman, and which was successfully identified by intra-operative frozen diagnosis and treated by curettage.     

超声引导下卵巢囊肿穿刺术与腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗卵巢囊肿的疗效比较

目的比较超声引导下卵巢囊肿穿刺术与腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗卵巢囊肿的疗效。方法选取2016年1月至2018年10月我院卵巢囊肿患者50例,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各25例。对照组行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗,观察组行超声引导下卵巢囊肿穿刺术治疗。比较2组手术相关指标及卵泡数、卵巢体积。结果观察组手术用时、住院用时、术中出血量、术后排气用时均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术后,2组卵泡数以及卵巢体积低于手术前,而观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下卵巢囊肿穿刺术治疗卵巢囊肿的效果优于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗,且对卵巢的影响较小,利于改善患者预后。     

An Inflammatory Dentigerous Cyst Shows Rim Uptake on Bone Scan: A Case Report

Dentigerous cysts are developmental odontogenic jaw cysts, commonly manifesting in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. This article presents an extremely rare case of dentigerous cyst showing increased uptake in the peripheral rim on bone scan. Herein, we discuss the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of dentigerous cysts as well as the pathological mechanism underlying their activities on the bone scan. Bone scan was a sensitive tool for detecting the biologic activity of dentigerous cyst in our case.     

CT导引下肝肾囊肿抽吸硬化治疗

目的：总结CT导引下肝肾囊肿穿刺抽吸硬化治疗的疗效和操作经验。材料和方法：肝囊肿11，肾囊肿15例，多囊肾1例，囊肿大小为3．5－12cm，均用15cm长20GGreene针穿刺治疗，抽出囊液量为21－550ml，囊液抽净后注入99．7％的无水酒精。结果：治疗后症状均有明显好转或消失，本组随访肝囊肿7例、肾囊肿11例，疗效指数I级1例（多囊肾），Ⅱ级肝肾囊肿各2例，Ⅲ级肝囊肿5例肾囊肿8例。穿刺操作顺利，无严重并发症发生。结论：CT导引下肝肾囊肿抽吸硬化治疗操作简便、创伤小、疗效高可作为替代外科手术的有效的治疗方法，多囊肾的单纯抽吸治疗可明显减轻症状，改善肾功能，是一种较好的治疗手段。     

Midline cystic malformations of the brain: imaging diagnosis and classification based on embryologic analysis

This article describes a classification and imaging diagnosis of intracranial midline cystic malformations based on neuroembryologic analysis. Midline cystic malformations are classified into two categories from an embryologic point of view. In one category, the cyst represents expansion of the roof plate of the brain vesicle, and in the other the cyst consists of extraaxial structures such as an arachnoid membrane or migrating ependymal cells. Infratentorial cysts, such as the Dandy-Walker cyst or Blake's pouch cyst, and supratentorial cysts, such as a communicating interhemispheric cyst with callosal agenesis or a dorsal cyst with holoprosencephaly, are included in the first category. Infratentorial arachnoid cavities, such as the arachnoid cyst, arachnoid pouch, and mega cisterna magna, are in the second category. Noncommunicating interhemispheric cysts, such as interhemispheric arachnoid cyst or ependymal cyst, with callosal agenesis are also in the second category. A careful review of embryologic development is essential for understanding these midline cysts and for making a more accurate radiologic diagnosis. This work was presented as an educational lecture at the 64^th Japan Radiological Society meeting (April 2005) in Yokohama.     

Assessment of Hounsfield unit in the differential diagnosis of odontogenic cysts

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Hounsfield unit (HU) assessment with multislice-CT in the differentiation of radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs).Methods:In total, 307 odontogenic cysts (RCs, DCs and OKCs) were included in this study. Cysts with lesion diameter <10 mm, cysts with artefacts affecting measurement of HU values, cysts involving infection and recurrent cysts were regarded as exclusion criteria. Images were acquired in three different types of CT scanners: Aquilion ONE, Discovery CT750 HD and SOMATOM Definition Flash. Differences in HU values among scanners and among types of odontogenic cysts were assessed using one-way analysis of variance; multiple comparisons were performed post hoc, using the Tukey–Kramer honestly significant difference test.Results:In total, 164 cysts were analysed in this study (64 RCs, 57 DCs and 43 OKCs). Regardless of the type of lesion, the Aquilion ONE scanner demonstrated a significant difference in HU value, compared with the Discovery CT750 HD scanner. Regardless of CT scanner model, HU values significantly differed between DCs and OKCs (p < 0.0001), as well as between OKCs and RCs (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:HU values were found to vary among CT scanners and should always be associated with other lesion imaging features while interpreting and elaboration diagnostic hypothesis. Notably, the results suggested that OKCs might be able to be differentiated from DCs and RCs by using HU values.     

Myelographic and MRI appearances of a thoracic spinal extradural arachnoid cyst of the spine with extra-and intraspinal extension

Summary An unusual arachnoid, cyst of the thoracic spine is reported. The clinical and neuroradiological features are described.     

眶额区先天性皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿的CT表现(附4例报道及文献复习)

目的 报道眶额区皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿的CT征象. 资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的眶额区皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿各2例的CT表现. 结果 4例囊肿边界清晰,囊内密度不均,3例以脂性密度为主,其中2例表皮样囊肿局限性压迫额骨颧突,1例皮样囊肿以水样密度为主伴小斑片低密度影,沿颧额缝向外生长. 结论 眶额区皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿具有特征性CT表现.     

Intradiploic arachnoid cyst: case report

Because of the extreme rarity of intradiploic arachnoid cysts, their pathogenesis is unknown; congenital or traumatic origins are suggested. We report an intradiploic arachnoid cyst in a 57-year-old woman, without a history of trauma, in whom a forgotten injury might play a significant role.     

颅内不典型表皮样囊肿MR表现和病理对照分析

目的 探讨颅内不典型表皮样囊肿的MR表现及其与病理所见的关系.方法 回顾性分析7例颅内不典型表皮样囊肿的MR表现,并与手术病理所见对照.全部病例均行MR平扫检查,2例行MR增强扫描,1例行CT扫描.结果 4例表皮样囊肿位于小脑半球实质,2例位于大脑半球实质,1例位于小脑周围.T1WI 6例表皮样囊肿呈高信号,1例呈等信号,T2WI 5例呈很低信号,2例呈高信号.增强扫描囊肿不强化.病理检查镜下可见囊肿内大量蛋白物质.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿呈短T1和等T1信号主要与囊肿内存在大量蛋白物质有关,需要与颅内短T1信号的病变鉴别.     

Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas: radiological and pathological findings

We report a case of a rare lymphoepithelial cyst of the body of the pancreas that developed in a woman complaining of constipation for 15 years. Ultrasonography revealed a homogeneous isoechoic lesion, while CT demonstrated a polycystic homogeneous mass with central scar and calcification. Cytological investigation of a CT-guided biopsy permitted diagnosis of lymphoepithelial cyst. The patient was operated on and had an uneventful recovery. The histological finding was of a cyst wall lined with keratinised squamous epithelium surrounded by lymphoid tissue with reactive follicular hyperplasia. The radiological findings and differential diagnosis are discussed. Correspondence to: D. Regge     

Tailgut cysts: MRI findings

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of 11 surgically resected pelvic tailgut cysts were analyzed with reference to histopathologic and clinical data. Homogeneity, size, location, signal intensity, appearance and presence of septa and/or nodules and/or peripheral rim and involvement of surrounding structures were studied. Histological examination demonstrated 11 tailgut cysts (TGC), including one infected TGC and one TGC with a component of adenocarcinoma. Lesions (3–8 cm in diameter) were exclusively or partly retrorectal in all cases but one, with an extension down the anal canal in five cases. Lesions were multicystic in all patients but one. On T1-weighted MR images, all cystic lesions contained at least one hyperintense cyst. The peripheral rim of the cystic lesion was regular and non or moderately enhancing in all cases but the two complicated TGC. Nodular peripheral rim and irregular septa were seen in the degenerated TGC. Marked enhancement of the peripheral structures was noted in the two complicated TGC. Pelvic MRI is a valuable tool in the preoperative evaluation of TGC.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of arachnoid cysts

A retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—computed tomography (CT) correlation was performed in 29 patients with arachnoid cysts. Short TR, short TE spin echo (SE) pulse sequences provided the best anatomic definition whereas multiple echo long TR, TE sequences allowed comparison of the signal intensity of the cyst with that of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Simple arachnoid cysts were isointense while neoplastic, hemorrhagic or inflammatory cysts were hyperintense relative to CSF. The CT differential diagnosis of an arachnoid cyst (depending upon its location) may include other cystic collections such as craniopharyngioma, epidermoid, astrocytoma, and chronic subdural hematoma. However, on MRI the combination of extraaxial location, morphological features, and signal intensity matching that of CSF allows one to make the diagnosis of an uncomplicated arachnoid cyst with confidence.     

膈肌包虫囊肿

本文报告了２６例膈肌包虫囊肿的Ｘ线表现，均经手术病理证实，其Ｘ线表现分为单纯性包虫囊肿及破裂感染的包虫囊肿两类，单纯包虫囊肿表现为膈肌局限性膨出；带蒂的突向胸腔的卵园形阴影，及合并囊肿钙化。破裂感染的包虫囊肿表现为囊肿内“月牙征”，“水上百合”或“气液平”；合并胸膜及肺内感染或肺包虫囊肿，及类似单纯性胸腔积液。讨论了常规Ｘ线，ＣＴ，超声的影象诊断。并指出多数膈肌包虫囊肿位于右侧膈肌，约８倍于左膈，因此，左膈的一些病变，一般不应考虑包虫囊肿。     

Enterogenous cyst of cervical spine: clinical and radiological aspects (including CT and MRI)

Summary Enterogenous cysts are relatively rare causes of spinal cord compression. A case of enterogenous cyst causing compression of spinal cord at C2–3 is presented. Radiological findings, including MRI, are discussed.     

The relationship between idiopathic bone cavity and orthodontic tooth movement: analysis of 44 cases

Objectives

Idiopathic bone cavity (IBC), also named simple or traumatic bone cyst, is a common lesion of unknown cause. The mandible is a very common location, although it may occur in any bone of the body. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 44 cases in order to assess the causation of this entity.

Methods

Each case was analysed by two of the authors (IV and SM) for medical and dental history, history of mandibular/maxillary trauma, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, surgical findings and histopathology.

Results

This retrospective study suggested a possible relationship between IBCs and orthodontic treatment. This association was noted in 10/44 cases (22.73%). All of these cases were located in the mandible and were well-circumscribed radiolucencies. Evaluation of these cases disclosed that 6/44 (13.64%) demonstrated scalloping, and 3/44 (6.82%) revealed bony expansion. The age range of the patients evaluated was 9–74 years. None of these cases had a history of trauma or extractions in the area.

Conclusions

The findings of this retrospective study suggest an association between orthodontic treatment and the development of this IBC. This occurrence may be multifactorial; further research in the dental science is required.     

消痔灵囊内注射治疗鼻前庭囊肿的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨鼻前庭囊肿的非手术治疗方法.方法:采用囊内注射消痔灵治疗27例鼻前庭囊肿患者,并随访观察6～24月.结果:25例患者痊愈,总治愈率92.6%.2例囊液多达8～9 ml,治疗效果不佳,改为手术治疗.结论:囊内注射消痔灵治疗鼻前庭囊肿疗效良好,安全可靠,对巨大的鼻前庭囊肿疗效不佳,需外科手术治疗.