鸡尾酒疗法联合硬膜外单次小剂量吗啡对全膝关节置换术后疼痛控制的研究

目的 研究鸡尾酒疗法联合硬膜外单次小剂量吗啡对全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）后疼痛的控制作用。方法 采用随机双盲对照研究,选取2018年2月至2018年9月我院收治的拟行初次单侧TKA的膝骨关节炎病人160例,随机分为4组,每组40例,麻醉方式均采用硬膜外麻醉。A组病人给予鸡尾酒疗法（含激素）联合硬膜外单次小剂量吗啡;B组病人给予鸡尾酒疗法（不含激素）联合硬膜外单次小剂量吗啡;C组病人给予单纯鸡尾酒疗法（含激素）;D组为对照组,给予单纯鸡尾酒疗法（不含激素）。记录4组病人术后2、6、12、24、48、72 h静息状态下及术后24、48、72 h活动状态下的疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue score, VAS）评分,术后48 h、72 h、4 d、5 d的膝关节最大屈曲活动度以及术后不良反应。结果 4组病人术后静息状态下、活动状态下的VAS评分及膝关节活动度总体比较,差异均有统计学意义（F=10.798,P＜0.001;F=6.220,P=0.001;F=6.075,P=0.001）。A、B、C组术后静息状态、运动状态下的VAS评分均显著低于D组,且其膝关节活动度均显著大于D组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。C组病人静息状态下VAS评分的总体均数高于A组,差值为0.52,差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）。结论 鸡尾酒疗法联合硬膜外单次小剂量吗啡在TKA术后显示出更强且更协同的镇痛效果,可更好地改善术后膝关节活动度;在无激素禁忌及不良反应的条件下,建议“鸡尾酒”混合镇痛药中添加糖皮质激素。     

鸡尾酒镇痛疗法对前交叉韧带重建术后镇痛和关节功能的影响研究

目的 评估在关节镜下前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）重建术中应用膝关节周围和关节腔注射鸡尾酒治疗的术后镇痛效果及其对术后关节功能的影响。方法 收集113例病人,随机分为对照组及鸡尾酒组。对照组在ACL重建术后、缝合切口之前在膝关节切口局部及关节腔注射75%罗哌卡因注射液10 mL+0.9%氯化钠注射液10 mL;鸡尾酒组在ACL重建术后、缝合切口之前注射鸡尾酒配方。术后定期随访,采用疼痛数字分级法（NRS）评估病人膝关节疼痛程度,膝关节Lysholm评分评估功能情况。结果 两组最终各有50例入组。鸡尾酒组术后引流量为（54.40±20.11） mL,低于对照组的（74.40±18.53） mL;术后第1日、第3日的NRS评分分别为（1.74±0.69）分、（1.16±0.37）分,均明显低于对照组;术后3个月膝关节Lysholm评分为（87.44±2.34）分,高于对照组的（83.72±2.58）分;上述指标组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。但两组术后6个月膝关节Lysholm评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 ACL重建术中使用鸡尾酒镇痛方法,能有效减轻患肢术后疼痛,且有助于患肢早期康复锻炼。     

膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口对全膝关节置换术治疗效果的影响

目的 比较膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口和膝关节伸直位连续缝合切口在全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）中的应用效果。方法 选择2017年1月至2019年1月我院收治的122例拟行TKA手术的病人,采用随机数字表法将病人分为两组,对照组（61例）采用膝关节伸直位连续缝合切口,观察组（61例）采用膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口。比较两组病人切口长度、缝合时间、手术时间、术后失血量、直腿抬高活动时间、屈膝90°活动时间、拆线时间、住院时间、Hollander切口愈合（Hollander wound evaluation scale,HWES）评分、美国纽约特种外科医院（American hospital for special surgery,HSS）膝关节评分、Rasmussen评分、膝关节活动范围（ROM）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）以及术后并发症差异。结果 两组切口长度、缝合时间、手术时间、术后失血量、直腿抬高活动时间、拆线时间、住院时间、HWES评分、并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。观察组屈膝90°活动时间短于对照组,术后24 h、48 h的HSS评分、Rasmussen评分高于对照组,膝关节ROM大于对照组,术后24 h、48 h、72 h的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 膝关节屈曲90°连续缝合切口可减轻术后早期疼痛程度,利于膝关节功能恢复,且不增加并发症发生风险。     

膝关节镜手术对随后全膝关节置换术疗效影响的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析评估膝关节镜手术对随后的全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)疗效影响。方法:计算机检索建库至2020年10月PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方等数据库关于膝关节镜手术对随后的TKA疗效影响的文献,根据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、质量评价及数据提取,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,NOS)评估非随机对照研究的文献质量。采用RevMan 5.3软件对TKA术后翻修率,再手术率,术后僵硬率,假体周围感染率,术后静脉栓塞(venous thromboembolism,VTE)发生率及术后膝关节屈曲活动度进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入8篇文献,共 182 815例,其中膝关节镜手术组6 998例,无膝关节镜手术组175 817例。Meta分析结果显示:膝关节镜手术组与无膝关节镜手术组在TKA术后翻修率[OR=1.66,95%CI(1.37,2.00),P<0.000 01],再手术率[OR=2.31,95%CI(1.59,3.36),P<0.000 1],术后僵硬率[OR=1.78,95%CI (1.02,3.11),P=0.04]及假体周围感染率[OR=1.40,95%CI(1.19,1.66),P<0.000 1]方面比较差异有统计学意义;而在术后VTE发生率[OR=1.06,95%CI(0.83,1.35),P=0.64],术后膝关节屈曲活动度[MD=-1.21,95%CI(-3.07,0.65),P=0.20]方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论:膝关节镜手术对随后的TKA术后存在负面影响。先前的关节镜手术会增加TKA术后僵硬、假体周围感染、翻修及再手术的风险,而对术后膝关节屈曲活动度及VTE发生率方面无显著差异。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨翻转与侧方移位对术后膝关节功能影响的对比分析

目的 分析比较全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）中髌骨翻转和髌骨侧方移位对术后膝关节功能的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月我科收治的98例因膝关节骨性关节炎行TKA手术治疗病人的临床资料,按术中髌骨处理方式分为翻转组（45例）和侧方移位组（53例）。比较两组病人的手术时间、主动直腿抬高时间、Insall-Salvati指数、膝关节活动度、美国膝关节协会评分（Knee Society score,KSS）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、并发症发生情况等。结果 两组的手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。翻转组的术后直腿抬高时间较侧方移位组明显延长,术后6个月Insall-Salvati指数较侧方移位组明显降低,术后1、2、3、6个月的膝关节活动度、KSS评分均明显低于侧方移位组,VAS评分明显高于侧方移位组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。翻转组术后出现3例膝前痛,2例伤口延迟愈合,2例髌骨低位,侧方移位组未见明显并发症发生。结论 TKA术中髌骨侧方移位可以减少机体髌韧带及股四头肌损伤,获得满意临床疗效,但有待大样本随机对照研究进一步证实。     

高能量激光疗法联合本体感觉训练对半月板损伤病人术后膝关节疼痛及运动功能的疗效

目的 探讨高能量激光疗法（HILT）联合本体感觉训练对半月板损伤病人术后膝关节疼痛和功能的疗效。方法 选取2021年1月至2023年1月我院收治拟行关节镜半月板成形术的膝关节半月板损伤病人82例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。两组病人术后康复训练2周后,对照组采用本体感觉训练,观察组采用HILT联合本体感觉训练。观察两组治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分,简版生活质量量表（SF-12）评分,美国膝关节协会（AKS）评分,膝关节主动活动度和下肢运动学指标（步频、步长、步速）,并发症发生率和病人满意度。结果 治疗10周后,两组VAS评分均较治疗前显著降低（P均＜0.05）,SF-12评分、AKS的膝关节评分和活动功能评分、膝关节屈曲和伸展角度以及下肢运动学指标均较治疗前显著提升（P均＜0.05）;观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,SF-12评分、膝关节评分和活动功能评分、膝关节屈曲和伸展角度以及下肢运动学指标均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 HILT联合本体感觉训练能够有效改善半月板损伤病人术后膝关节疼痛、运动功能和生活质量,并且还能够减少术后并发症、提高治疗满意度。     

基于Caprini风险评估模型的干预策略对全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的预防效果观察

目的：探讨基于Caprini血栓风险评估模型的干预策略对全膝关节置换术（total knee replacement,TKA）后静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism,VTE）的预防效果。方法：自2017年5月至2021年12月收治257例TKA患者,以2019年5月是否引进Caprini血栓风险评估模型为界分为传统常规干预策略（对照组121例）和基于Caprini血栓风险评估模型的干预策略（观察组136例）。对照组男79例,女42例;年龄50~78（63.10±11.86）岁;体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）19~32（25.21±4.95） kg/m²;左侧55例,右侧66例。观察组男81例,女55例;年龄50~78（64.35±10.54）岁;BMI 19~32（24.43±5.18） kg/m²;左侧87例,右侧49例。比较两组患者术后VTE发生率,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS）膝关节评分,患肢肿胀情况,血流平均速度（mean velocity,Vm）,峰值速度（peak velocity,PV）,D-二聚体（D-dimer,D-D）及凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time,PT）和并发症发生率。结果：观察组VTE发生率为1.47%（2/136）,对照组VTE发生率为9.09%（11/121）,两组比较差异有统计意义（χ²=6.976,P=0.008）。术后7 d,观察组VAS、HSS评分及患肢周径差值均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。术后7 d,两组血流Vm和PV水平均明显升高（P<0.001）,且观察组血流Vm、PV水平高于对照组（P<0.001）。术后7 d,观察组血清D-D水平明显低于对照组,PT水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率比较,差异有统计意义（χ²=4.488,P=0.034）。结论：基于Caprini血栓风险评估模型的干预策略可有效降低TKA患者VTE发生率及并发症发生率,改善患肢肿胀、血流动力学及凝血功能状态,有助于膝关节功能恢复。     

全膝置换术后关节内注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂对镇痛效果的评价

目的 评价全膝关节置换术后关节内注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂的镇痛效果和安全性.方法 将80例行单侧TKA的骨关节炎患者进行随机分配:试验组关节内注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂(吗啡、布比卡因、复方倍他米松),对照组注射生理盐水.术后48h内均经静脉镇痛泵滴注吗啡行自控镇痛,疼痛难以忍受时,肌内注射吗啡5~10mg.比较两组患者术后膝关节静息和活动VAS疼痛评分、吗啡使用情况、主动直腿抬高时间、屈膝90°时间、膝关节活动度以及并发症.结果 采用关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂注射后,可以显著减少术后0~36h各时间段和总的吗啡使用量,并推迟术后第一次肌内注射吗啡的时间.术后第6、10、24、36h试验组静息痛VAS评分显著小于对照组,术后24、36h试验组活动痛VAS评分显著小于对照组.患者主动直腿抬高时间、屈膝90°时间以及术后15天膝关节活动度比较,试验组均优于对照组.两组在术后伤口愈合、感染发生率、血压、心率、皮疹、呼吸抑制和尿潴留的监测等方面进行比较,差异均无统计学意义,恶心呕吐发生率试验组小于对照组.结论 关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂注射有助于减少术后麻醉镇痛剂使用量,减轻术后早期疼痛,且没有明显的不良反应.     

机器人辅助与传统截骨行全膝关节置换术的早期临床疗效对比

目的 对比国产和华瑞博（HURWA）机器人导航辅助全膝关节置换术（robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty，RATKA）与传统全膝关节置换术（TKA）治疗膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的早期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析我科2021年3月至2022年1月收治的46例行TKA治疗终末期KOA的病人。其中RATKA组23例，男10例，女13例，年龄为（67.54±12.32）岁；传统TKA组23例，男8例，女15例，年龄为（70.34±9.74）岁。记录围手术期的髋-膝-踝角（HKA）偏移、股骨机械轴远端外侧角（mLDFA）、胫骨机械轴近端内侧角（mMPTA）、膝关节线汇聚角（JLCA），作为评估力线对位及假体放置的影像学指标。采用术前与术后1天血红蛋白（HB）差值、术中出血量、术后引流量评估出血情况。随访并记录手术时间、膝前正中切口长度、术前及术后3个月膝关节活动度，术前、术后1个月、术后1年的美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）及疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分，以评估短期临床疗效。结果 手术均顺利完成，术后均未出现严重并发症。两组病人力线及假体对位指标均较术前明显改善，且在正常范围，RATKA组HKA偏移及术后JLCA优于传统TKA组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），但两组术后mLDFA、mMPTA比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。RATKA组术中出血量及术后引流量略小于传统TKA组，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；RATKA组的手术时间、膝前正中切口长度均长于传统TKA组，术后1天与术前的HB差值低于传统TKA组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组病人术后3个月活动度、术后1个月及1年的KSS评分和VAS评分均较术前有明显改善，且RATKA组和传统TKA组术后3个月的活动度比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），但两组KSS评分、VAS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 国产HURWA机器人辅助行TKA相较传统TKA具有对线及假体放置更精准、出血少、关节活动度恢复更佳的优势，传统TKA在手术时间及切口长度方面优于RATKA。RATKA短期疗效值得肯定，远期预后有待进一步论证。     

出院准备服务在全膝关节置换术病人中的应用

目的 探讨出院准备服务在全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）病人中的临床护理效果及意义。方法 将2018年1月至6月我科收治的58例单侧TKA病人纳入对照组,采用常规护理和健康教育;将2018年7月至12月收治的64例单侧TKA病人纳入观察组,在常规护理和健康教育的基础上提供出院准备服务。术前和术后3个月采用美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS）膝关节功能评分标准和健康调查简表（the MOS item short form health survey, SF-36）评价病人膝关节功能和生活质量,出院时调查病人护理服务满意度。结果 术后3个月,观察组HSS膝关节功能评分为（89.56±7.17）分,优于对照组的（77.59±6.03）分,差异有统计学意义（t=9.030,P=0.007）;观察组SF-36评分为（68.29±8.68）分,优于对照组的（51.29±3.55）分,差异有统计学意义（t=5.060,P=0.014）。出院时,观察组护理服务满意度为96.88%（62/64）,明显高于对照组的86.21%（50/58）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=3.920,P=0.012）。结论 实施出院准备服务全面、有效地保证了TKA病人出院后康复训练的连续性,使病人及时、准确地获得膝关节功能锻炼指导,提升了TKA病人的膝关节功能、生活质量和护理服务满意度。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.