本刊对来稿中统计学处理的要求

由于一些文稿中统计学的误用较常见,为此本刊对来稿中统计学处理要求如下。1.研究设计需交代统计研究设计的名称和主要方法。如调查设计可分为前瞻性、回顾性和横断面调查;实验设计可分为配对设计、随机对照设计、随机区组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等,研究设计必须遵循重复、对照、随机化的统计学原则并控     

本刊对来稿中统计学处理的要求

由于一些文稿中统计学的误用较常见,为此本刊对来稿中统计学处理要求如下。1.研究设计需交代统计研究设计的名称和主要方法。如调查设计可分为前瞻性、回顾性和横断面调查;实验设计可分为配对设计、随机对照设计、随机区组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等,研究设计必须遵循重复、对照、随机化的统计学原则并控     

本刊对来稿中统计学处理的要求

由于一些文稿中统计学的误用较常见,为此本刊对来稿中统计学处理要求如下。1.研究设计需交代统计研究设计的名称和主要方法。如调查设计可分为前瞻性、回顾性和横断面调查;实验设计可分为配对设计、随机对照设计、随机区组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等,研究设计必须遵循重复、对照、随机化的统计学原则并控     

论文中统计学处理的要求

1.统计研究设计：应交代统计研究设计的名称和主要做法。如调查设计（分为前瞻性、回顾性或横断面调查研究）：实验设计（应交代具体的设计类型,如自身配对设计、成组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等）;临床试验设计（应交代属于第几期临床试验,采用了何种盲法措施等）。主要做法应围绕4个基本原则（随机、对照、重复、均衡）概要.     

本刊对来稿中统计学处理的有关要求CSCD

1.统计研究设计:应交代统计研究设计的名称和主要做法。如调查设计(分为前瞻性、回顾性或横断面调查研究);实验设计(应交代具体的设计类型,如自身配对设计、成组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等);临床试验设计(应交代属于第几期临床试验,采用了何种盲法措施等)。     

论文中统计学处理的要求

正1.统计研究设计:应交代统计研究设计的名称和主要做法。如调查设计(分为前瞻性、回顾性或横断面调查研究):实验设计(应交代具体的设计类型,如自身配对设计、成组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等);临床试验设计(应交代属于第几期临床试验,采用了何种盲法措施等)。主要做法应围绕4个基本原则(随机、对照、重复、均衡)概要     

中华医学会系列杂志对论文统计学处理的有关要求

1．统计研究设计：应交代统计研究设计的名称和主要做法。如调查设计（分为前瞻性、回顾性还是横断面调查研究）,实验研究（应交代具体的设计类型,如自身配对设计、成组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等）,临床试验设计（应交代属于第几期I临床试验,采用了何种盲法措施等）;主要做法应围绕4个基本原则（重复、随机、对照、均衡）概要说明,尤其要交代如何控制重要非试验因素的干扰和影响。     

中华医学会系列杂志对论文统计学处理的有关要求

1．统计研究设计：应交代统计研究设计的名称和主要做法。如调查设计（分为前瞻性、回顾性还是横断面调查研究）,实验研究（应交代具体的设计类型,如自身配对设计、成组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等）,临床试验设计（应交代属于第几期临床试验,采用了何种盲法措施等）;主要做法应围绕4个基本原则（重复、随机、对照、均衡）概要说明,尤其要交代如何控制重要非试验因素的干扰和影响。     

关于对论文中统计学处理的要求

1．统计研究设计：应交代统计研究设计的名称和主要做法。如调查设计（分为前瞻性、回顾性或横断面调查研究）：实验设计（应交代具体的设计类型,如自身配对设计、成组设计、交叉设计、析因设计、正交设计等）;临床试验设计（应交代属于第几期临床试验,采用了何种盲法措施等）。主要做法应围绕4个基本原则（随机、对照、重复、均衡）概要说明,尤其要交代如何控制重要非试验因素的干扰和影响。     

综合医院建设的设计管理体会

文章以医院建设方的角度,从设计管理团队的建设、设计单位的选择、设计流程管理、设计进度控制、设计投资控制、设计质量控制、建筑信息模型的应用等方面,阐述了综合医院建设的设计管理的方法和体会。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.