日本七叶树化学成分的研究Ⅰ.七叶皂苷Ⅰa和Ⅰb的分离和鉴定

从日本七叶树 Ａｅｓｃｕｌｕｓ ｔｕｒｂｉｎａｔａ Ｂｌｕｍｅ．种子的 ７０％乙醇提取物中分得 ４个三萜皂苷化合物,经光谱学分析鉴定了其中 ２个化合物的结构,它们分别为：七叶皂苷Ⅰａ：２１β－巴豆酰基－２２ａ－乙酸基原七叶皂苷配基－３β－Ｏ－［β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１－２）］［β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１－４）］－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖醛酸（２１β－ｔｉｇｌｏｙｌ－２２α－ａｃｅｔｙｌｐｒｏｔｏａｅｓｃｉｇｅｎｉｎ－３β－Ｏ－［β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ（１－２）］［β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａ－ｎｏｓｙｌ（１－４）］－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａ－ｎｏｓｉｄｕｒｏｎｉｃ　ａｃｉｄ）和七叶皂苷Ⅰｂ：２１β－当归酰基－２２α－乙酰基原七叶皂苷配基－３β－Ｏ－［β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１－２）］［β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１－４）］－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖醛酸（２１β－ａｎ－ｇｅｌｏｖｌ－２２ａ－ａｃｅｔｙｌｐｒｏｔｏａｅｓｃｉｇｅｎｉｎ－３β－Ｏ－［β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｎｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ（１－２）］［β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ（ｌ－４）］－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｉｄｕｒｏｎｉｃ ａｃｉｄ）,均为首次从日本七叶树     

生物抗氧化剂a—硫辛酸

１　引言ａ硫辛酸（ａｌｉｐｏｉｃａｃｉｄ,ＬＡ）是丙酮酸脱氢酶的辅助因子,它在丙酮酸转变为乙酰辅酶Ａ、生成ＦＡＤＨ,参与三羧酸循环过程中是不可缺少的物质［１］。它是代谢性的抗氧化剂,在生物体内ａ硫辛酸（氧化型）可以转变为二氢硫辛酸（ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｌｉｐｏｉｃａｃｉｄ,ＤＨＬＡ还原型）［３］。ＤＨＬＡ／ＬＡ的氧化还原电位只有－０．２４伏,低于谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）／氧化型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＳＨ）的氧化还原电位（－０．３２）。ＤＨＬＡ能够还原ＧＳＳＨ为ＧＳＨ,相反ＧＳＨ不能还原ａＬＡ为ＤＨＬＡ［３］…     

螺旋藻酸性杂多糖的分离纯化和分析

螺旋藻藻粉经热水提提,乙醇沉淀,Ｓｅｖａｇ法去蛋白质,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＡＢ）沉淀得酸性杂多糖,再经ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析分经纯化两次得多糖ＰＳＰ１和ＰＳＰ２。ＰＳＰ１和ＰＳＰ２经ＨＰＬＣ的Ｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ柱层析为单一对称峰,证明为均一多糖。纸层析和硫酸－咔唑反应分析表明：ＰＳＰ１主要由Ｄ－半乳糖、Ｄ－甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸及Ｄ－葡萄糖四种残基组成,比例为２．１：３．     

鹿茸多糖对免疫功能低下模型小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

１材料与方法１．１药物与试剂鹿茸多糖（ＰｉｌｏｓｅＡｎｔｌｅｒｐｏｌｙｓａｃｈａｒｉｄｅ,ＰＡＰＳ）由黑龙江中医药大学中药研究所提供,为淡黄色片状物质;氢化考地松（ＨＣ）注射液,河北省秦皇岛制药厂出品,批号：８９０１３１;抗小鼠单克隆抗体（Ｔｈｙ－１＋、Ｌ３Ｔ４＋、Ｌｙｔ２＋）由北京医科大学免疫学教研室提供;重组白介素－２（ｒＩＬ－２）,瑞士产,批号;２０ＮＯ４ＹＤ;氚标胸腺嘧啶（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）为中国科学院原子能研究所产品;ＣｏｎＡ,美国Ｓｉｇｍａ产品,批号：６３１７８;ＲＰＭＩ１６４０,美国Ｓ…     

日本七叶树化学成分的研究Ⅰ.七叶皂苷Ⅰa和Ⅰb的分离和鉴定

从日本七叶树Ａｅｓｃｕｌｕｓ ｔｕｒｂｉｎａｔａ Ｂｌｕｍｅ。种子的７０％乙醇提取物中分得４个三萜皂苷化合物,经光谱分析鉴定了其中２个化合物的结构,它们分别为：七叶皂甙Ｉａ：２１β－巴豆酰基－２２α－乙酰基原七叶皂苷配基－３β－Ｏ－［β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１－２）］［β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基（１－４）］－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖醛酸（２１β－ｔｉｇｌｏｙｌ－２２α－ａｃｅｔｙｌｐｒｏｔｏａｅｓｃｉｇｅｎｉｎ     

医药产品介绍

医药产品介绍施沛特注射液（ＳｏｄｉｕｍＨｙａｌｕｒｏｎａｔｅＩｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ）［品名与结构式］通用名：玻璃酸钠注射液（ＳｏｄｉｕｍＨｙａｌｕｒｏｎａｔｅＩｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ）化学名：（１→４）－Ｏ－β－Ｄ葡萄糖醛酸－（１→３）－２－乙酰氨基－２－脱氧...     

施沛特注射液(Sodium Hyaluronate Injection)

施沛特注射液（ＳｏｄｉｕｍＨｙａｌｕｒｏｎａｔｅＩｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ）［品名与结构式］通用名：玻璃酸钠注射液（ＳｏｄｉｕｍＨｙａｌｕｒｏｎａｔｅＩｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ）化学名：（１→４）－Ｏ－β－Ｄ葡萄糖醛酸－（１→３）－２－乙酰氨基－２－脱氧－β－Ｄ葡萄...     

比较黄芪和活血方对兔脑再灌注损伤血栓素A2及前列环素和环核苷酸的影响

兔脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ再灌注４５ｍｉｎ后，脑内血栓素Ｂ_２（ＴＸＢ_２）升高和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ_（１α）（６－酮－ＰＧＦ_（１α））含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），血浆和脑环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。于缺血前分别静脉注射黄芪（３．３ｇ／ｋｇ）、活血方（２．５ｇ／ｋｇ）及益气活血方（４．４ｇ／ｋｇ），发现活血方和益气活血方均可抑制再灌注后脑ＴＸＢ_２的升高，提高脑６－酮－ＰＧＦ_（１ａ）含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。活血方还可抑制脑ｃＡＭＰ的升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），黄芪则对此无明显影响。提示益气活血法通过改善脑局部ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ_２平衡而起作用，主要为活血药物作用。     

从柳叶野扇花分得抗菌甾体生物碱

大戟科常绿灌木柳叶野扇花Ｓａｒｃｏｃｏｃｃａ　ｓａｌｉｇｎａ（Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ）Ｍｕｅｌｌ．广布于巴基斯坦北部地区,当地居民用于治疗细菌感染疾病。作者从其根和茎的乙醇－水（８：２）的提取物中分离到两个（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）新生物碱和一个已知生物碱（Ⅲ）。Ⅰ．柳叶野扇花肉桂酰胺（ｓａｌｉｇｃｉｎｎａｍｉｄｅ）,结构为（２０Ｓ,２’Ｅ）－２０－（Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲基氨基）－３β（３’－苯基－２’－丙烯基Ｎ－甲基胺基）孕烷：Ｃ_（３３）Ｈ_（５０）Ｎ_２Ｏ,白色粉末,ｍｐ１５６℃～１６０℃,［α］_Ｄ／（~２５）＋９６°（ｃ,０…     

手术减压对腰椎管狭窄合并糖尿病的疗效（译）

手术减压对腰椎管狭窄合并糖尿病的疗效（译）ＬＵＭＢＡＲＳＰＩＮＡＬＳＴＥＮＯＳＩＳＡＮＤＤＩＡＢＥＴＥＳＯＵＴＣＯＭＥＯＦＳＵＲＧＩＣＡＬＤＥＣＯＭＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮ￥ＧｉａｎｌｕｃａＣｉｎｏｔｔｉ；ＦｒａｎｃｏＰｏｓｔａｃｃｈｉｎｉ；ＪｏｍｅｓＮ．Ｗ...     

细茎石斛多糖DMP2a-1的结构分析

 目的研究从细茎石斛[Dendrobium moniliforme(L)Sw]中分离纯化得到的一种相对分子质量为60×10³的多糖DMP2a1的化学结构。方法应用紫外、红外、高碘酸氧化、甲基化分析、质谱及¹H,¹³CNMR等化学和光谱方法研究该多糖的结构特征。结果多糖DMP2a-1主链由1,4连接的α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基组成,β-D-甘露糖以端基糖的形式位于1,4α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基的O6位上,每6个1,4连接的葡萄糖残基上有1个O6位发生了取代。结论细茎石斛多糖DMP2a-1是一新结构多糖,为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

A hemicellulose B fraction from grape skin (Vitis vinifera, Palomino variety)

The structure of a hemicellulose B fraction (B-1) isolated from grape skins (Vitis vinifera) of the Palomino variety has been studied by methylation analysis, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and partial acid hydrolysis. Hemicellulose B-1 appeared to be homogeneous by gel filtration with a weight-average molecular weight of 22 600. This polysaccharide is a linear xyloglucan chain composed of xylopyranosyl and glucopyranosyl residues linked by beta-(1-->4) glycosidic bonds. Attached to this backbone, 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronopyranosyl acid, D-glucopyranosyl, and L-fucopyranosyl residues occur at position 2 in a ratio of one residue for every five units of xylose in the main chain, with D-xylopyranosyl residues attached at position 6 of glucose units in a ratio of one residue for every two glucose-derived moieties in the main chain.     

细茎石斛多糖DMP4a-1的结构特性及免疫活性研究

 目的研究从细茎石斛中分离纯化得到的酸性多糖DMP4a-1的结构性质,初步鉴定其免疫调节活性。方法 应用高效 凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC),TLC,GC,GC．MS,IR,高碘酸氧化等方法进行组成结构分析,采用双抗夹心ELISA法检测巨噬细胞TNF-α 分泌水平、用CCK-8试剂进行脾淋巴细胞增殖实验。结果 细茎石斛水溶性酸性多糖DMP4a-1平均相对分子质量为3 049,主 要由葡萄糖,甘露糖,鼠李糖,阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成,其分子摩尔数之比为2．873:2．850:1．762:1．279:l,糖链结构中存在1→ 4,1→3及1→6糖苷键,且摩尔数比为1．194:2．430:1。体外实验证明,DMP4a-1可明显刺激巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α,促进脾淋巴细 胞增殖。结论细茎石斛多糖DMP4a-1是一种β-D-吡喃杂多糖,在结构上与抗肿瘤多糖类似,富含1→3糖苷键,具有免疫增 强功能。     

灵芝孢子粉水溶性多糖SGL-Ⅲ的结构研究

 目的对从灵芝孢子粉中提取出来的纯多糖SGL-Ⅲ进行结构分析。方法多糖SGL-Ⅲ经比旋光、高效液相色谱法、苯酚-硫酸法确定物理性状后,再经部分酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化分析及IR,GC,GC-MS和¹³C-NMR等方法确定其结构。结果SGL-Ⅲ相对分子质量为1.41×10⁴,由葡萄糖(Glc)和半乳糖(Gal)组成,摩尔比为4.46∶1,为少分支结构,其基本结构中主链由(1→3)Glc和(1→6)Gal构成,分支点分别在6-O,2-O及4-O处,(1→4)Gal或(1→6)Glc位于侧链,分支末端残基为Glc。结论多糖SGL-Ⅲ具有天然活性多糖的特征,可以对其进行药理活性的研究开发。     

Isolation of an antiviral polysaccharide, nostoflan, from a terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc flagelliforme

A novel acidic polysaccharide, nostoflan, was isolated from a terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc flagelliforme. Nostoflan exhibited a potent anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity with a selectivity index (50% cytotoxic concentration/50% inhibitory concentration against viral replication) of 13,000. Sugar composition and methylation analyses revealed that it was mainly composed of -->4)-D-Glcp-(1-->, -->6,4)-D-Glcp-(1-->, -->4)-D-Galp-(1-->, -->4)-D-Xylp-(1-->, D-GlcAp-(1-->, D-Manp-(1--> with a ratio of ca. 1:1:1:1:0.8:0.2. Two pyridylaminated oligosaccharides were prepared by partial acid hydrolysis and pyridylamination. On the basis of MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR analyses, they were found to be beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-D-Xyl-PA and beta-D-GlcAp-(1-->6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-D-Gal-PA. From these results, nostoflan might be mainly composed of the following two types of sugar sequence: -->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-D-Xylp-(1--> and -->4)-[beta-D-GlcAp-(1-->6)-]-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-D-Galp-(1-->. Besides anti-HSV-1 activity, nostoflan showed potent antiviral activities against HSV-2, human cytomegalovirus, and influenza A virus, but no activity against adenovirus and coxsackie virus was observed. Therefore, nostoflan has a broad antiviral spectrum against enveloped viruses whose cellular receptors are carbohydrates. Furthermore, nostoflan showed no antithrombin activity, unlike sulfated polysaccharides.     

Resin glycosides from the flowers of Ipomoea murucoides

The CHCl(3)-soluble extract from the flowers of the Mexican medicinal plant Ipomoea murucoides, through preparative-scale recycling HPLC, yielded murucoidins I-V (1-5), which are new pentasaccharides of jalapinolic acid, as well as the known stoloniferin I (6). Saponification of the crude resin glycoside mixture yielded two glycosidic acids, simonic acid B (9) and operculinic acid A (10), and their esterifying residues were composed of the two short-chain fatty acids, 2-methylpropanoic and (2S)-methylbutyric acids. All the isolated compounds (1-6) were characterized through high-field NMR spectroscopy. Compound 4 exhibited marginal cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells (ED(50) 4 microg/mL).     

茅苍术道地药材的挥发油组成特征分析

目的 :在个体和总体两个水平上研究南苍术挥发油成分所蕴涵的多样性和特征 ,进而揭示茅苍术道地性的化学本质。方法 :分单株采集 7个居群的 47株南苍术根茎 ,用GC-MS分离鉴定挥发油中的 6个主要成分 ,使用SPSS分析软件进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果 :聚类分析显示茅苍术挥发油主要组分的含量明显不同于非道地南苍术。其他分析表明 ,与非道地南苍术挥发油相比 ,茅苍术总挥发油含量显著低 (P<0.01) ,其归一化百分含量大于 1%的组分数目显著高 (P<0.01) ,苍术酮加苍术素的含量极其显著高 ,而茅术醇加 β-桉叶醇的含量极其显著低 (P<0.001)。主成分分析表明苍术酮在体现茅苍术道地性特征时具有非常特殊的作用。结论 :茅苍术道地性在挥发油中的表现主要是苍术酮、茅术醇、β-桉叶醇及苍术素呈现出的一种特定配比关系 ,即 (0.70～2.00)∶(0.04～0.35 )∶(0.09～0.40)∶1。     

药用植物莪术的组织培养快速繁殖与植株再生的研究

通过茎尖培养实现了中药莪术试管苗的快速繁殖并从试管苗基部诱导出了愈伤组织。实验表明：以ＭＳ培养基为基本培养基。附加ＺＴ４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．５～１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ适于丛生芽的诱导与增殖;附加２,４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ４．０～６．０ｍｇ／Ｌ适于愈伤组织的诱导;附加２,４－Ｄ１．０～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．２～０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ适于愈伤组织的继代培养;附加ＫＴ４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ适于愈伤组织的分化。     

HPLC法测定珍菊降压片中绿原酸、氢氯噻嗪及芦丁的含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定珍菊降压片中绿原酸、氢氯噻嗪及芦丁的含量。方法　采用甲醇 水 丙酮 (4 5∶4 5∶10 )溶液超声提取 ,在LichrospherODS(5 μm ,4 .6× 15 0mm)柱上 ,以乙腈 0 .4 %磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱 ,流速 1mL·min-1,柱温 30℃ ,二极管阵列检测器 (DAD)。结果　绿原酸浓度线性范围2 .4 712 .35 μg·mL-1(r =0 .9995 ) ;平均回收率为 10 0 .3% ,RSD为 3.4 %。氢氯噻嗪浓度线性范围 4 .2 6 2 1.2 8μg·mL-1(r=0 .9997) ;平均回收率为 99.4 % ,RSD为 2 .5 %。芦丁浓度线性范围 10 .885 4 .4 μg·mL-1(r=0 .9996 ) ;平均回收率为 99.3% ,RSD为 1.8%。结论　该法准确、精密度高、重现性好 ,可作为珍菊降压片中野菊花浸膏粉、氢氯噻嗪、芦丁质量控制一种方法     

Structural analysis of a neutral (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-D-glucan from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis

The extracellular polysaccharide (1) extracted from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis with hot water was fractionated and purified by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The structure was investigated using methylation and hydrolysis analysis, periodate oxidation, NMR spectroscopy, and reaction with beta-D-glucanase, and the results indicated that this D-glucan consisted of a backbone composed of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucosyl residues and carried a single (1-->4)-beta-linked D-glucosyl residue. NMR and IR spectroscopic measurements showed that the sugar residues were beta-glycosidically linked.