农民工子女中学生自我意识与个性特征的比较研究

Objective To investigate the differences of self-concept and personality in middle school students between the migrant workers and local children. Methods Self-concept was assessed by Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and personality was assessed by Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ ) in the middle school students between the migrant workers ( n = 206) and local children ( n= 166). Results 1. There was no significant difference between two groups in behavior,intellect and school state and physical appearance subscale of PHCSS. The total scores (55. 7 ± 10.1) and other subscale of PHCSS of the migrant workers group were significant lower than those of the local group (P＜0.01). The total scores (55. 8 ±9. 9) and anxiety (9.4 ± 2.4) and happiness satisfaction (7.5 ±1.9) subscale of PHCSS in the male middle school students of the migrant workers group was significant lower than those of the local group(P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01). The total scores (54.8±10.2),anxiety(9.0±2.2),gregarious (8.2 ±2.0) ,happiness satisfaction (7.4 ±2.0) subscale of PHCSS in the female middle school students of the migrant workers group were significant lower than those of the local group(P ＜ 0. 01) 2. Except Lie ( L) score of EPQ, other three scores were significantly different between two groups. Conclusion self-concept of middle school students of the migrant workers studying in Tianjin is significantly lower than that of the local. Personality in middle school students of the migrant workers is more diffident, neuropathic and more psychotics than that of local.     

农民工子女中学生自我意识与个性特征的比较研究

目的 比较农民工子女中学生与本地中学生自我意识与个性特征的差异.方法 采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)与艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)测定在津农民工子女中学生(n=206)和天津本地中学生(n=166)的自我意识与个性特征.结果 1.对自我意识的评定:除行为、智力与学校情况和躯体外貌分量表外,农民工子女中学生焦虑[(9.1±2.6)分]、合群[(7.8±2.0)分]、幸福与满足[(7.5±1.8)分]3个分量表及总分[(55.7±10.1)分]均低于本地中学生,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).女生比较结果与总体比较结果一致;从男生比较来看,农民工子女中学生焦虑[(9.4±2.4)分]、幸福与满足[(7.5±1.9)分]2个分量表及总分[(55.8±9.9)分]低于本地中学生(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而合群及其他分量表比较差异无显著性.2.个性特征方面,从总体和男、女生分别比较来看,除掩饰维度外,其余3个维度两组比较差异均有显著性或极显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 农民工子女的自我意识水平明显低于本地学生,个性多偏内向、神经质和精神质,建议根据其心理特点和性格特征进行干预.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the differences of self-concept and personality in middle school students between the migrant workers and local children. Methods Self-concept was assessed by Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and personality was assessed by Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ ) in the middle school students between the migrant workers ( n = 206) and local children ( n= 166). Results 1. There was no significant difference between two groups in behavior,intellect and school state and physical appearance subscale of PHCSS. The total scores (55. 7 ± 10.1) and other subscale of PHCSS of the migrant workers group were significant lower than those of the local group (P＜0.01). The total scores (55. 8 ±9. 9) and anxiety (9.4 ± 2.4) and happiness satisfaction (7.5 ±1.9) subscale of PHCSS in the male middle school students of the migrant workers group was significant lower than those of the local group(P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01). The total scores (54.8±10.2),anxiety(9.0±2.2),gregarious (8.2 ±2.0) ,happiness satisfaction (7.4 ±2.0) subscale of PHCSS in the female middle school students of the migrant workers group were significant lower than those of the local group(P ＜ 0. 01) 2. Except Lie ( L) score of EPQ, other three scores were significantly different between two groups. Conclusion self-concept of middle school students of the migrant workers studying in Tianjin is significantly lower than that of the local. Personality in middle school students of the migrant workers is more diffident, neuropathic and more psychotics than that of local.     

Iloprost inhibits fracture repair in rats

Background Previous studies have shown that prostaglandins （PGs） dramatically stimulate healing processes in bone.However,the effect of prostaglandin l2 （PGI2） on fracture healing remains unclear.To investigate the effect of PGI2,a study on fracture healing process in closed tibia fractures was designed.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two groups.On the first day,their right tibias were fractured by three-point bending technique.The study group （n=18） received a single injection of 10 μg/kg iloprost for 5 days,while the control group （n=18） received saline solution in the same way.On the 7th,14th and 28th days following the fracture,six rats were sacrificed and their right legs were harvested in each group.The progression of fracture healing was assessed for each specimen by the scores of radiography （by Lane-Sandhu） and histology （by Huo et al）.Results On the 7th day,the radiographic and histologic scores were equal.On the 14th day radiographic total score was 6 and histologic total score was 23 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 11 and histologic total score was 33 in the control group.On the 14th day radiographic and histologic scores were significantly decreased in the iloprost group compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）.On the 28th day radiographic total score was 12 and histologic total score was 37 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 15 and histologic total score was 40 in the control group.On the 28th day although there was a decrease in radiographic and histologic scores of the iloprost group acording to control group,it was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion Iloprost delays fracture healing in early stage in rats.     

Psychological Distress,Social Support and Medication Adherence in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Mainland of China

Stroke research and rehabilitation have traditionally focused on the physical and functional impact of a stroke. Less attention has been given to the psychosocial factors associated with this chronic condition. By the few studies that have specifically focused on psychosocial factors in the context of stroke, poststroke depression is demonstrated to significantly influence stroke outcomes. Associations of stroke with psychological symptoms other than depression have rarely been evaluated. This study was aimed to investigate the changes of psychological stress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China. In this study, 90 patients with hemiplegia one year after first-ever middle cerebral artery infarction(stroke group) in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2008 to June 2011 were recruited for interview. Ninety age- and sex-matched normal volunteers(control group) were also examined at the same period. The psychological distress was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90), the social support by the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS), and medication adherence by Morisky’s self-reported inventory, respectively. Group differences were analyzed using unpaired-t test and chi-squared test. The results showed that total mean scores of the SCL-90 in the stroke group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). Except two dimensions, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, mean scores of the rest dimensions(including somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety) of SCL-90 were significantly higher in the stroke group than those in the control group(P<0.05, or P<0.01). The objective support, subjective support, support availability and total social support scores in the stroke group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05, or P<0.01). Those in the “SCL-90 total scores >150 group” were significantly higher than in the “SCL-90 total scores <100 group” and the “SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group”(P<0.05, or P<0.01). Those in the “SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group” were significantly higher than in the “SCL-90 total scores <100 group”(P<0.05). In 90 patients with ischemic stroke, 26(28.89%) patients obtained high medication adherence, 47(52.22%) patients medium medication adherence, and 17(18.89%) patients low medication adherence, respectively. Among these stroke patients, there were 17(50.00%) patients with high medication adherence in the “SCL-90 total scores >150 group”, 28(75.67%) patients with medium medication adherence in the “SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group”, and 12(61.16%) patients with low medication adherence in the “SCL-90 total scores <100 group”, respectively. There was significant difference in the medication adherence rate among the different SCL-90 scores groups in these stroke patients(P<0.05 or P<0.01). It was led to conclude that ischemic stroke patients one year after hemiplegia have psychological distress, low level of social support and poor medication adherence in the mainland of China. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize the government, medical institutions and various social support groups to offer psychological interventions to relieve the stress of patients with ischemic stroke, and improve their medication adherence.     

强迫症患者瑞典大学人格量表特征及其与防御方式的关系

目的 探讨强迫症患者的人格特质及其与心理防御方式之间的关系.方法 收集34例符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的强迫症患者(强迫症组)及31例健康对照,采用瑞典大学人格量表(SSP)评估2组样本的人格特质,采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)评估2组样本的心理防御特点.结果 强迫症组瑞典大学人格量表的躯体性焦虑、精神性焦虑、应激敏感性、怨恨、兴奋性和不信任6个分量表得分[(57.14±11.54)分,(63.35±10.22)分,(66.95±10.21)分,(61.27±7.09)分,(53.93±9.04)分,(56.72±10.61)分]显著高于健康对照组(t=2.06～5.10,P＜0.05).强迫症组与对照组相比更多地使用投射、被动攻击、潜意识显现、幻想、退缩等不成熟防御机制(t=3.08～6.73,P＜0.01),而较少使用升华、压抑和幽默的成熟防御机制(t=-2.27～4.39,P＜0.05);中间型防御方式反向形成、解除和同一化因子分均显著高于健康对照组(t=2.15～4.66,P＜0.05).强迫症患者SSP除社交愿望和冷漠2个分量表外其余分量表均与不成熟防御机制因子分呈正相关(r=0.375～0.719,P＜0.05);躯体性焦虑分量表与成熟防御机制因子分呈正相关(r=0.378,P＜0.05);精神性焦虑、躯体性焦虑、冲动性、冒险探索、怨恨、不信任、言语攻击和身体攻击8个分量表与中间型防御机制因子分呈正相关(r=0.381～0.548,P＜0.05),除社交愿望分量表外其余分量表均与掩饰因子分呈正相关(r=0.342～0.530,P＜0.05).结论 强迫症患者具有神经质和攻击性人格特质;强迫症患者更多地使用不成熟的防御方式;强迫症患者的人格特质与防御方式之间存在明显的相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relationship between personality and defense mechanism of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) patients.Methods Thirty-four OCD patients were tested with Swedish University Scales of Personality(SSP) and defensive style questionnaire( DSQ), and the result was compared with that of thirty-one normal controls.Results The SSP scores of STA,PsTA,SS,E,TI and M of OCD patients were significantly higher than that of normal controls (t = 2.06 ～ 5.10, P ＜ 0.05 ).Comparing with normal controls, OCD patients tended to use immature and intermediate mechanism such as projection, passive aggression, unconscious emerge, phantasy, withdrawl and reaction formation, but less used mature mechanism such as sublimation, suppression and humor (t = -2.27 ～ 6.73, P＜ 0.05 ).All subscales of SSP in OCD patients, excluding SD and D, had positive correlation with total score of immature mechanism (r = 0.375 ～ 0.719, P ＜ 0.05 ).The OCD patients' SSP scores of STA had positive correlation with mature mechanism (r = 0.378, P ＜ 0.05 ).The OCD patients' STA, PsTA, I, AS, E, M,VTA and PhTA score of SSP had positive correlation with intermediate mechanism (r= 0.381 ～0.548, P＜ 0.05 ).All subscales of SSP in OCD patients, excluding SD, had positive correlation with total score of concealment (r =0.342 ～ 0.530, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion OCD patients have the neurotic and aggressive features of personality;and the personalities of OCD patients have significant correlation with defense mechanism.     

全程一体化健康教育改善抑郁障碍患者抑郁情绪及心理障碍的效果

目的 探讨临床全程一体化健康教育对抑郁障碍患者抑郁情绪、自我概念矫治效果,为促进患者的心理康复提供依据.方法 60例住院抑郁障碍患者随机分为对照组(28例)和研究组(32例),2组均给予抗抑郁药物治疗,对照组给予支持性心理护理和一般性健康教育指导,研究组则给予临床全程一体化健康教育.采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、自我概念量表(TSCS)以及症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定两组干预前后临床效果.结果 干预前,研究组HAMD、TSCS和SCL-90总分分别为(24.8±4.3)分、(249.68±16.23)分、(136.39±34.26);对照组分别为(24.9±4.2)分、(248.74±17.32)分、(136.52±35.04)分.两组比较差异无显著性(t值分别为0.09,0.22,0.01,均P＞0.05),干预后,研究组HAMD、TSCS和SCL-90总分分别为(19.7±2.8)分、(263.55±19.53)分、(114.22±18.75)分;对照组分别为(22.4±3.3)分、(253.66±18.37)分、(134.56±32.64)分,两组差异具有显著性(t值分别为3.43,3.11,3.01,均P＜0.01,TSCS评定中,研究组除自我批评[(40.16±4.96)分]低于对照组[(45.77±5.25)]外(t=7.29,P＜0.01),其余10个因子均明显高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 临床全程一体化健康教育能够改善抑郁障碍患者抑郁情绪,塑造积极的自我概念,提高心理健康水平.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of whole course integrated health education on depressive emotion and self-concept modification in depressive patients and to improve their psychological rehabilitation. Methods Sixties depressive inpatients treated with antidepressive drugs were randomly assigned to receive supportive psychological nursing and general health education (control group 28) or whole course integrated health education (experimental group 32). Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD), Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) were used before and after intervention to evaluate the clinical effects of two groups. Results Before interventions,the total scores of HAMD,TSCS and SCL-90 were (24.8 ±4. 3) ,(249.68 ±16.23) and(136.39±34.26)in experimental group and (24. 9 ±4. 2) , (248. 74 ± 17. 32) and( 136. 52 ± 35.04) in control group, with no significant difference between two groups (all P ＜ 0.01). After intervention, the total scores of HAMD, TSCS and SCL-90 were (19.7±2.8),(263.55±19.53) and (114.22 ± 18. 75) in experimental group and (22.4 ± 3. 3), (253. 66 ± 18. 37) and (134. 56 ± 32. 64) in control group, with significant difference between two groups (all P＜0.01). Conclusions Whole course integrated health education can improve depressive emotion of patients with depression, develop their positive self-concept and boost their mental health level.     

腰椎间盘突出患者的下尿路症状分析

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出引起的下尿路症状的特点和临床意义.方法 2000年2月至2010年4月北京积水潭医院住院的80例男性腰椎间盘突出患者进行尿动力学检查并分为膀胱功能正常组(A组)、早期膀胱功能障碍组(B组)和晚期膀胱功能障碍组(C组).全部患者均进行国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和生活质量(QOL)问卷调查,比较各组间的评分情况.结果 A组(30例)、B组(22例)和C组(28例)的IPSS总分分别为9.4±4.6、11.3±3.3和15.0±3.4,QOL评分分别为2.1±1.1、2.2±1.0和3.4±1.3,排尿期症状总分分别为3.8 ±2.7、6.2±2.6和10.4±3.1,3组间差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);储尿期症状总分分别为5.6±3.4、5.1±2.9和4.6±2.3,3组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A、B两组之间排尿期症状总分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但IPSS总分、QOL评分差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);B、C两组之间IPSS总分、QOL评分和排尿期症状总分差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 腰椎间盘突出引起的下尿路症状主要出现在膀胱功能障碍晚期.排尿期症状为典型表现,有助于早期诊断.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the characteristic and clinical significance of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by lumbar disk herniation. Methods A total of 80 male patients from February 2000 to April 2010 in our hospital with lumbar disk herniation underwent an urodynamic test. And they were divided into the normal bladder function group ( Group A), the early-stage of bladder dysfunction group ( Group B) and the late-stage of bladder dysfunction group (Group C) according to the urodynamic results.LUTS in these patients were assessed by the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. The results were analyzed statistically among these three groups. Results In Groups A ( n = 30), B ( n = 22) and C ( n = 28 ), the total IPSS scores were 9. 4 ± 4. 6, 11.3 ± 3. 3 and 15.0 ±3.4 while the QOL scores 2. 1 ± 1.1, 2. 2 ± 1.0 and 3.4 ± 1.3 respectively. The total voiding symptom scores were 3. 8 ± 2. 7, 6. 2 ± 2. 6 and 10. 4 ± 3. 1 respectively and the differences were significant ( all P ＜0. 05 ). The total storage symptom scores were 5. 6 ± 3.4, 5. 1 ± 2. 9 and 4. 6 ± 2. 3 in 3 groups respectively and the difference was insignificant (P ＞0. 05). Between Groups A and B, the differences of total voiding symptom score were significant ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) while those of the total IPSS and QOL score were insignificant (both P＞0. 05). Between Groups B and C, the differences of the total IPSS, QOL score and total voiding symptom score were significant ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The LUTS caused by lumbar disk herniation are notable during the late stage of bladder dysfunction. As one typical early manifestation, the voiding symptom may aid an early diagnosis of the disease.     

内观认知疗法治疗精神分裂症康复期患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨内观认知疗法对精神分裂症康复期患者的临床疗效.方法 精神分裂症康复期患者69例,应用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为内观认知治疗组和对照组:内观认知治疗组(n=30)在服用原有药物的基础上,给予连续7d集中内观认知疗法(NaiKan Cognitive Therapy,NCT);对照组(n=32)只给予原有药物治疗,观察1周.在人组时和1周后分别进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、护士观察量表(NOSIE).结果 ①NCT组患者治疗后PANSS量表总分、阳性量表分、阴性量表分、复合量表、一般精神病理量表、反应缺乏因子分以及偏执因子的评分显著低于治疗前(t=2.672～7.370,P<0.05),治疗后两组间比较PANSS总分、阴性量表分、复合量表分、反应缺乏因子分、思维障碍因子分均差异有显著性(t'=2.696,P=0.009;t=5.186,P=0.000;t=3.757,P=0.001;t=2.634,P=0.011;t'=2.376,P=0.021);②NCT组患者治疗后NOSIE量表总消极冈素、激惹因子和迟缓因子得分[分别为(10.43±9.24)分,(3.13±0.43)分,(1.07±1.64)分],低于治疗前[分别为(13.87±8.03)分,(8.53±4.98)分,(2.20 ±2.85)分],差异有显著性(t=3.463,P=0.002;t=6.139,P:0.000;t=2.067,P=0.048;).结论 内观认知治疗在一定程度上有助于改善康复期精神分症患者精神症状,特别是阴性症状,但需进一步验证其疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To explore effects of Naikan cognitive therapy on improving clinical symptoms in patients with convalescent schizophrenia. Methods The 69 convalescent schizophrenic patients with convalescent clinical state were consecutively recruited. All the patients were divided into Naikan cognitive therapy ( NCT) group an control group at random and were pretreated with antipsychotic agent therapy. In NCT group,the patients received NCT for successive 7 days. In control group,the patients only received antipsychotic agent therapy. Pre-and post-treatment positive and negative syndrome scale( PANSS) , Nurses'observation scale for inpatient evaluation (NOSIE) were administered to all subjects. Results ① A significant decrease occurred in PANSS total score, negative symptom score, positive symptom score, compound scale score, general psychopathology score, reaction retardation score and paranoid score in NCT group ( t = 2. 672～7. 370, P < 0. 05). In the post-treatment, PANSS total score, negative symptom score, positive symptom score, compound scale score, reaction retardation score and thought disorder score were significantly lower in NCT group than those in control group ( t ' = 2. 696, P = 0. 009; t = 5. 186, P=0.000; t = 3.757, P = 0.001; t = 2.634,P = 0.011; t ' =2.376, P = 0.021). ②A significant decrease occurred in NOSIE total negative score( 10.43 ± 9. 24 vs 13. 87 ± 8. 03, t = 3. 463 , P = 0. 002) , irritation score(3. 13 ±0.43 vs8.53 ±4.98, t = 6. 139, P=0.000) and retardation score(1.07 ± 1.64 vs 2. 20 ±2.85, t = 2.067, P = 0.048) in NCT group. Conclusion NCT can possibly improve part clinical symptoms of patients with convalescent schizophrenia to a certain extent,especially negative symptom,but need to further prove the effect of NaiKan cognitive therapy.     

维持性血液透析述情障碍患者医学应对方式和生活质量的研究

Objective To discuss alexithymia in patients with maintenance hemodialysis and its impact on medical coping style and the ability of daily living. Methods The patients with end-stage renal disease treated by the maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) were divided into 2 groups, namely, alexithymia group (total score>60) and non-alexithymia group (total score <50) ,according to the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The Medical response to the questionnaire (MCMQ) and the activities of daily living scale (ADL) were used to evaluate the patients. Results The TAS-20 score was (72.31±12.28) in 67 cases of patients with MHD. Among these, 31 cases for TAS-20 total score>60 points ,with an average score (82.37±15.84) and 26 cases for TAS-20 total score <50 points, with an average score (50.17±10.24). There was significant difference (t=8.90, P<0.01). The face factor score of MCMQ was significantly lower in alexithymia groups than that in non-alexithymia group,while the avoidance and subordination factor score was significantly higher than that in non-alexithymia group(P<0.01 or 0.05). The ADL scores and factor scores of the alexithymia group were significantly higher than that of non-alexithymia group,and there was a significant difference (t=3.53, P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that TAS-20 score and the face factor score of MCMQ was significantly negatively correlated with MCMQ e-vasive and subordination factor,and factor scores and ADL score was significantly positively correlated (P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion MHD patients in the alexithymia group tend to use and yield response to avoid negative cop-ing style and less use of active coping style. The quality of life and activities of daily living of MHD patients in alex-ithymia group are worse than that of the non-alexithymia group.     

社区老年人记忆障碍的记忆训练处方干预效果研究

目的 通过记忆干预6个月后对社区记忆障碍老年人记忆改善情况,进一步探讨社区记忆障碍老年人干预方法及干预时间.方法 随机选取唐山社区Rivermead行为记忆测验第2版(RBMTⅡ)评分＜22分的老年人100例,分为于预组和对照组各50人,干预组进行针对性记忆训练6个月,对照组顺其自然发展.分别在训练3个月、6个月时进行评分.应用SPSS13.0软件进行t检验和方差分析,观察效果.结果 在记忆干预6个月后,试验组RBMTⅡ标准分、立即回忆故事、立即回忆路线、信件回忆、定向、日期、回忆预约、故事延迟同忆、回忆姓名、回忆被藏物品10项评分明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).试验组干预6月后RBMTⅡ评分、即刻同忆故事、信息回忆、回忆预约、延迟回忆故事、回忆姓名6项评分比干预前提高,有统计学意义(P＜0.01).试验组RBMTⅡ评分由干预前的(17.10±2.38)分,提高到干预3个月时的(19.90±2.17)分和干预6个月时的(21.63±1.45)分,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 记忆干预明显提高了社区记忆障碍老年人的记忆评分,改善了老年人的记忆力,值得在社区推广.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of the memory intervention on dysmnesia of elder people in 6 months as well as the intervention method and intervention duration. Methods 100 elderly people in Tangshan communities with memory impairment, with score less than 22 by Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test Second Edition( RBMT Ⅱ) ,were randomly selected and divided into the intervention group(n=50) and control group( n =50). The intervention group were given personalized memory training while the control group just went its normal course. Each group was evaluated with score by RBMT Ⅱ after 3 and 6 months respectively. All the data were made analysis of variance and t test using SPSS 13.0 software. Results After 6 months of intervention, the evaluation scores in the following aspects of the standard score, immediate story recalling, immediate route recalling, letter recalling,orientation, date and appointments recalling, delayed story recalling, name recalling and the hidden recalling were significantly higher than those of control group(P＜ 0. 01 or P＜ 0.05 ). The scores in the standard score,immediate story recalling, imformation recalling, appointments recalling, delayed story recalling, name recalling after 6 months of intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention(P＜ 0.01 or P＜ 0.05). The RBMT Ⅱ score increased significantly from (17.10±2.38 ) before the intervention to ( 19.90 ±2.17) after 3 months of intervention and to( 21.63 ± 1.45 ) after 6 months (P＜0.01). Conclusion Memory intervention is an effective method worthy to be widely spread in the communities in improving the memory of elderly people with dysmnesia.     

三级战备状态对官兵心理和部分生化指标的影响及干预效果

目的 探讨三级战备状态对官兵心理、部分生化指标的影响及心理行为干预的效果.方法 以进入三级战备状态的某摩步营189名官兵为研究对象,以班为单位随机分为研究组和对照组.战备期间2组进行统一的军事训练和思想政治教育,研究组增加心理行为干预.在进入三级战备状态当天(战备前)和结束次日(战备后),2组分别进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)评定,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、皮质醇(COR)和醛固酮(ALD)含量测定.结果 研究组战备后SDS总分(42.1±9.3)分、SAS总分(43.8±7.2)分、MDA(2.6±0.51)μmol/L、COR(252.5±52.4)ng/ml、ALD(97.5±24.4)pg/ml低于对照组,积极应对(21.2±6.4)分和SOD(1551±354)U/gHb高于对照组(均P＜0.01或0.05).对照组战备后SDS总分(49.2±10.3)分、SAS总分(50.6±10.2)分、MDA(2.9±0.35)μmol/L、COR(333.8±62.6)ng/ml、ALD(123.8±29.6)pg/ml高于战备前,积极应对(18.2±5.4)分和SOD(1302±352)U/gHb低于战备前(均P＜0.01).SDS、SAS总分与SOD显著负相关(r=-0.142、-0.119,P＜0.01或0.05),与COR、ALD显著正相关(r=0.156,0.151,0.159,0.156,P＜0.01或0.05);SCSQ的积极应对分与SOD显著正相关(r=0.141,P＜0.01),与COR和ALD显著负相关(r=-0.152,-0.155,P＜0.01).结论 三级战备状态下官兵产生了明显的心身应激反应,心理行为干预可有效改善应激反应水平.     

认知行为治疗青少年网络成瘾者临床疗效随访

目的 探讨认知行为治疗对青少年网络成瘾者的2年效果.方法 将70例网络成瘾者作随机对照研究,研究组随访完成36例,对照组34例.2年以来,定期进行各种形式的认知行为干预,采用中文网络成瘾量表(CIAS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)三种量表,于治疗前、治疗后2个月、12个月、18个月、24个月分别给予5次评估.结果 研究组CIAS评分在治疗后的2个月、18个月、24个月低于对照组,差异有显著性[(43.53±10.37)分;(53.06±5.40)分;(47.56±10.02)分;(53.50±5.28)分;(42.68±6.23)分;(54.02±6.49)分;P＜0.05或P＜0.01];且研究组CIAS的评分随时间的延长显著下降.研究组(F=14.464,P＜0.01;对照组F=0.537,P＞0.05).研究组CSQ的解决问题和求助因子分在治疗后的2个月、18个月、24个月的评分高于对照组[(0.82±0.11)分;(0.62±0.48)分;(0.78±0.12)分;(0.65±0.38)分;(0.90±0.28)分,(0.62±0.37)分];[(0.68±0.41)分;(0.45±0.29)分;(0.74±0.30)分;(0.45±0.11)分;(0.79±0.33)分;(0.46±0.18)分];同时期内自责、幻想、退避3个因子评分低于对照组;均有显著或非常显著差异[(0.21±0.13)分;(0.40±0.27)分;(0.24±0.06)分;(0.38±0.19)分;(0.25±0.16)分;(0.42±0.24)分];[(0.27±0.02)分;(0.45±0.27)分;(0.31±0.09)分;(0.44±0.28)分;(0.30±0.24)分;(0.46±0.19)分].[(0.42±0.05)分;(0.54±0.33)分;(0.34±0.17)分;(0.55±0.29)分;(0.31±0.19)分;(0.50±0.30)分,均P＜0.05或P＜0.01].SCL-90总分在研究组和对照组之间的4次评分比较,均差异有显著性[(142.25±30.44)分;(182.56±36.23)分;(175.36±26.44)分;(191.56±38.32)分;(163.36±29.21)分;(196.75±35.46)分;(143.33±21.35)分;(194.11±28.19)分;均P＜0.05或P＜0.01].结论 本研究制定的认知行为治疗方法对青少年网络成瘾者的两年干预效果较好.

Abstract：

Objective To study the measure and two-year effects of cognitive-behavior therapy on adolescent with internet addiction disorder(IAD). Methods 76 cases with IAD were divided to randomized controlled trial, then 38 cases in each group. But 36 cases ( lost 2 cases) were completed in follow-up study group and control group of 34 cases (lost 2 cases). There were various forms of cognitive behavioral intervention in two years.The Chinese Internet Addiction Scale( CIAS), Symptom Gheck List-90 (SCL-90) scale and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ) were adapted to evaluate the effects when the cognitive-behavior therapy was started, after treatment at 2 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months respectively assessment for 5 times. Results The scores of CIAS in the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group( (43.53 ± 10. 37 ), (53.06 ± 5.40),(47.56 ± 10.02) ,(53.50 ±5.28) ,(42.68 ±6.23), (54.02 ±6.49), P＜0.05 or P＜0. 01 ) and decreased obviously with the extension of time (F= 14. 464, P＜ 0. 01; F= 0. 537, P＞ 0.05 ). Problem-solving and help factor of CSQ in the study group were significantly higher than that of control group( (0.82 ± 0. 11 ), ( 0.62 ± 0. 48 ), (0.78 ±0.12),(0.65 ±0.38) ,(0.90±0.28),(0.62 ±0. 37)); (0. 68 ±0.41), (0.45 ±0.29),(0. 74 ±0. 30),(0.45 ± 0. 11 ), (0.79 ± 0. 33 ), (0.46 ± 0. 18 ) ) and self-blame, fantasy , withdrawal factors were significantly lower than it((0. 21 ±0. 13),(0.40 ±0.27), (0.24 ±0.06),(0. 38 ±0. 19), (0.25 ±0.16),(0.42 ±0.24) );( (0.27 ±0.02) ,(0.45 ±0.27) ,(0.31 ±0.09) ,(0.44 ±0.28) ,(0.30 ±0.24) ,(0.46 ±0.19) ;(0.42 ±0.05),(0.54 ±0.33),(0.34 ±0.17),(0.55 ±0.29),(0.31 ±0. 19),(0.50 ±0.30), P＜0.05 or P＜0. 01 ). There were significant differences of SCL-90 total score between the study group and the control group at 4 times for evaluation ( ( 142.25 ± 30.44), ( 182.56 ± 36.23 ), ( 175.36 ± 26.44 ), ( 191.56 ± 38.32 ), ( 163.36 ±29.21),(196.75±35.46),(143.33±21.35),(194.11 ±28.19), P＜0. 05 orP＜0.01). Conclusion Developed cognitive-behavior therapy has obvious effects on the adolescents with IAD in two years.     

自杀未遂者社会心理因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨心理社会因素在自杀未遂患者自杀行为中的作用,为制订可行的干预措施提供科学依据.方法 应用WHO健康问卷、生命质量、Beck抑郁和焦虑问卷、Braatte冲动问卷和Buss攻击问卷、社会支持量表和应付方式等问卷对在急诊室留观诊治的132例自杀未遂患者和按1:1匹配筛选的躯体疾病对照患者进行调查.结果 (1)单因素分析结果显示,自杀未遂组患者的生命质量和健康状况差于对照组[自杀未遂组(17.07±3.07)分和(9.76±7.11)分;对照组(13.42±3.31)分和(17.08±3.81)分,均P＜0.05],Beck抑郁和焦虑评分高于对照组[自杀未遂组(15.22±11.22)分和(27.87±7.24)分;对照组(6.87±6.36)分和(26.22±5.44)分,均P＜0.05];自杀未遂患者的冲动性和攻击性高于对照组[自杀未遂组( 87.67±20.08)分和(73.74±19.61)分;对照组(73.34±14.54)分和(63.78±16.44)分,均P＜0.05];社会支持利用评分低于对照组[(6.53±1.84)分和(7.78±1.72)分,P＜0.05];自杀未遂组患者自责因子评分高于对照组[(3.42±2.44)分和(2.35±2.04)分,P＜0.05],而解决问题、求助和合理化等因子评分低于对照组(均P＜0.05).(2)Logistic多因素回归分析表明,性别、受教育年限、生命质量、健康状况、Beck抑郁评分、冲动性评分、合理化、支持利用度、计划性评分、躯体冲动、愤怒等11个因素进入回归模型.结论 自杀未遂者的健康状况、生命质量、焦虑抑郁、冲动和攻击性人格特征,以及不同的应对方式在自杀行为中扮演着重要作用.     

行为抑制激活系统与情绪调节在青少年抑郁中的作用

目的探讨行为抑制／激活系统与情绪调节在青少年抑郁中的作用。方法随机整群抽取某中学和某高校800名学生,采用行为抑制／激活系统量表、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、流调用抑郁量表（CES．D）和认知情绪调节问卷（CERQ）进行调查,采用pearson相关分析,F检验和多元逐步回归分析进行统计处理。结果（1）贝克和流调抑郁分与行为抑制系统呈显著正相关（r=0．39,0．41,P〈0．01）,抑郁与自我责难、沉思、灾难化和责难他人和理性分析呈显著正相关（r=0．19—0．50,P〈0．05—0．01）,与计划、积极再评价呈显著负相关（r=-0．08～0．24,P〈0．05）;（2）重度抑郁组行为抑制系统水平（15．45±2．57,P〈0．01）最高,驱力（9．60±2．99,P〈0．01）最少;使用非适应情绪调节策略最多,适应性情绪调节策略最少。（3）灾难化、行为抑制系统、积极再评价、沉思、积极再关注和自我责难联合解释抑郁35％的方差变异量,其中灾难化和行为抑制系统解释比例最多,分别达到25％和4％。结论行为抑制系统、情绪调节可能是预测非临床青少年抑郁的重要因素。     

245名男性罪犯冲动行为特征分析

目的 探讨男性罪犯冲动行为的特征,为心理矫治提供理论依据.方法 以南京地区某监狱因暴力、强奸、抢劫等入狱服刑的男性罪犯245名为研究组,某医院健康体检男性187名为对照组,运用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)评估其冲动行为.结果 男性罪犯BIS总分及各因子分[分别为(64.63±9.34)分,(18.16±3.36)分,(25.79±4.18)分.(20.69±3.93)分]均高于对照组[分别为(57.07±7.48)分,(16.67±2.60)分,(22.20±3.75)分,(18.20±3.17)分],差异有显著性(P＜0.01);多重犯BIS总分及各因子分均高于其他组,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05);累犯组BIS总分及各因子得分[分别为(68.59±14.54)分,(19.68±4.92)分,(27.54±6.61)分,(21.37±4.50)分]均高于初犯组[分别为(64.81±10.35)分,(18.01±3.69)分,(25.86±4.60)分.(20.83±4.25)分],其中BIS总分及注意因子得分差异有显著性(P＜0.05);各年龄组间BIS总分及各因子分差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 男性罪犯冲动水平较高,不同案由、犯罪次数、年龄罪犯冲动行为表现不同,评估罪犯的冲动行为有利于了解罪犯的人格特征及心理活动状态.     

早年创伤经历与强迫症的相关性研究

目的 探讨早年创伤经历与强迫症的相关性,并进一步探讨其与强迫症的起病年龄、病程及严重程度的相关性.方法 对符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的185例强迫症患者以及132例健康对照进行早年创伤问卷简表(ETI-SF)评估,并对强迫症患者进行临床资料及Yale-Brown强迫量表的评定.结果 相对于对照组,强迫症组早年创伤量表总分更高[(3.55±3.29)分,(1.51±1.98)分,P＜0.01],而且4个维度得分也均高于对照组,其中普通创伤[(0.89±1.10)分,(0.43±0.77)分,P＜0.01],躯体创伤[(0.98±1.31)分,(0.65±1.04)分,P=0.016],情感虐待[(1.43±1.61)分,(0.38±0.89)分,P＜0.01],性创伤[(0.24±0.59)分,(0.06±0.30)分,P＜0.01],且女性强迫症患者性创伤多于男性患者[(0.33±0.69)分,(0.16±0.45)分,P=0.049].早年创伤总分及各维度分值(除外性创伤)与强迫症患者的起病年龄成负相关(P＜0.01).结论 强迫症患者有较多的早年创伤经历,且经历越多,其起病年龄越早,早年创伤经历可能是强迫症发生发展的重要环境因素之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the association between early trauma experiences and obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). Methods One hundred and eighty-five patients who met with OCD diagnosis of DSM-Ⅳ and one hundred and thirty-two healthy controls were recruited. Early trauma experience of all participants was assessed with Early Trauma Inventory-Short Form (ETI-SF) ,and severity of symptoms of OCD patients was evaluated with Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity Scale (Y-BOCS). Results When compared with controls, OCD group showed significantly higher in ETI-SF total score (3.55 ± 3.29 vs 1.51 ± 1.98, P ＜ 0. 01 ) and had greater in general trauma (0.89 ± 1.10 vs 0. 43 ±0.77, P＜0.01 ) ,physical abuse (0.98 ± 1.31 vs 0.65 ±1.04, P=0. 016),emotional abuse(1.43 ±1.61 vs 0.38 ±0.89, P＜0. 01),and sexual abuse(0.24 ±0.59 vs 0.06 ±0.30, P＜0. 01 ). Female OCD patients reported more sexual abuse than male patients(0.33 ±0.69 vs0. 16 ± 0.45, P = 0.049) . There was a negative correlation between onset age of obsessive symptoms and early trauma experiences(P ＜ 0. 01 ), except sexual abuse experiences (P = 0. 10). Conclusion OCD patients have much more childhood traumas, and the more trauma experiences are,the earlier onset of OCD is, which may associated with the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder.     

中医院校大学生网络成瘾与五态人格的关系

目的 探讨中医院校大学生网络成瘾发生情况,及其与五态人格的关系。方法 采用中文网络成瘾量表,筛选出网瘾组与对照组进行研究。结果 筛选853名中医专业网络成瘾大学生个案52例,网瘾发生率为5.51%。网瘾组太阳、少阳因子得分低于对照组（P＜0.01）,太阴、少阴因子得分高于对照组（P＜0.01）;网瘾各因子得分与太阴因子得分呈正相关（P＜0.01）,其中强迫性上网行为、网络成瘾耐受性和人际及健康问题得分与少阴因子得分呈正相关（P＜0.01）,太阴、少阴进入回归方程（F=9.903,P＜0.01）,对网瘾有预测作用。结论 太阴、少阴人格与网瘾密切相关;太阴、少阴因子得分对网瘾有预测作用。     

老年人主观幸福感和行为抑制激活系统的关系

目的 研究老年人主观幸福感和行为抑制激活系统的关系.方法 对养老院采用整群取样,对家庭养老采用方便随机取样的方法,得到185名老年人被试;再通过一对一口头问卷访谈形式,对185名老年人进行行为抑制激活和主观幸福感问卷调查.结果 （1）老年人主观幸福感得分（27.39±10.96）分;老年人行为抑制系统、行为激活系统平均得分（11.29±4.30）分、（32.96±9.13）分.老年入主观幸福感在养老院[（29.81±9.91）分]和家庭养老[（25.09±11.47）分]方式上差异有统计学意义（t=-2.69,P＜0.01）;主观幸福感的一般负性体验在养老院[（4.25±3.37）分]和家庭养老[（6.39±3.93）分]方式上差异有统计学意义（t=3.58,P＜0.01）,在性别上女性[（5.91±3.83）分]大于男性[（4.70±3.71）分],差异有统计学意义（t=-1.96,P＜=0.05）;而行为激活系统愉悦追求维度得分男性[（12.60±3.48）分]大于女性[（11.40±3.67）分]（t=2.05,P＜0.05）.（2）行为激活系统与老年入主观幸福感显著正相关（r=0.40,P＜0.01）,行为抑制系统与老年人主观幸福感显著负相关（r=-0.40,P＜0.01）.（3）行为激活系统驱力维度能预测主观幸福感19％的变异量.结论 行为抑制激活系统水平与老年入主观幸福感相关,行为激活系统的驱力水平是影响老年人主观幸福感的因素之一.     

青少年网络成瘾与家庭环境、依恋关系的研究

目的 探讨青少年网络成瘾及成瘾程度与家庭环境、依恋的关系,以及探讨家庭环境与依恋的关系.方法 490名大学牛被试完成青少年网络成瘾诊断量表、家庭环境量表(FES-CV)和依恋问卷.结果 被试总体中37名有网瘾;网络成瘾组在家庭环境的矛盾性上得分显著高于正常组;成瘾组被试在母爱缺失、父爱缺失、父亲拒绝、母亲消极纠缠、父亲消极纠缠、对母亲愤怒、对父亲愤怒上得分显著高于正常组[成瘾组分别为(13.16±4.62)分,(14.18±5.42)分,(14.41±5.44)分,(19.10±4.59)分,(18.89 ±4.42)分,(12.37±4.80)分,(11.35±4.17)分;正常组分别为(11.77±4.06)分,(11.59±4.02)分,(16.56±4.99)分,(15.78±4.91)分,(9.87±4.52)分,(9.65±4.25)分,P＜0.05,0.01].除家庭环境中的独立性与依恋各因子无显著相关外,其他因子与依恋因子存在有一定相关(P＜0.05,0.01),青少年网络成瘾程度只与母爱缺失有显著负相关(r=-0.360).结论 家庭环境与依恋存在显著相关,家庭环境的矛盾性和消极的依恋关系对青少年网络成瘾有显著影响.