改良二孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的 比较改良二孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析200例LC患者的临床资料,其中100例行改良二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(简称二孔法组),100例行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(简称三孔法组),对比分析两组手术时间、中转率、术后6h疼痛程度、术后住院时间以及并发症.结果 两组均无并发症发生,二孔法组与三孔法组手术时间分别为(45.3±11.2)min和(41.1±10.8)min(P＞0.05),中转开腹手术率分别为3%和2%(P＞0.05),术后6h疼痛程度分别为(1.9±0.5)分和(2.5±0.7)分(P＜0.05),住院时间分别为(2.6±1.3)d和(3.8±1.7)d(P＜0.05).结论 改良二孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术一样安全有效,且具有创伤更小、疼痛更轻、住院时间更短等优点.     

微型腹腔镜行胆囊切除术的临床应用价值

目的:探讨微型腹腔镜行胆囊切除(MLC)术的难度及对患者的影响。方法:随机把60例胆囊结石、慢性胆囊炎、胆囊息肉患者分为腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)组和微型腹腔镜胆囊切除术(MLC)组各30例。对比其手术时间、术后疼痛程度及术后住院天数。结果:MLC组手术时间平均75±23min,术后平均住院3.5±1.6d,用视觉模拟评分法测定疼痛程度,术后8h和24h分别为8.8±5.6分和4.0±3.0分。LC组手术时间平均70±15min,术后平均住院4.6±2.5d。术后8h和24h疼痛程度分别为30.5±10.7和11.5±6.6。结论:MLC的切口疼痛程度显著低于LC(P<0.05),更有效地减少了患者痛苦,体现了微创优势,腹壁外观改善。MLC难度不比LC大。     

三孔法微型腹腔镜在胆囊切除术中的应用

目的　探讨三孔法微型腹腔镜在胆囊切除术中的临床应用价值。　方法　 90例慢性结石性胆囊炎和胆囊息肉样病变随机分成两组 ,分别进行三孔法微型腹腔镜下胆囊切除术 (Mini-laparoscop iccholecystectomy ,MLC)和常规孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (Laparoscopiccholecystectomly,LC)。比较两组的中转率、手术时间、术后 6小时疼痛程度和并发症。　结果　两组均无并发症发生。MLC组中 2例因操作困难 ,中转LC。MLC组与LC组手术时间分别为 (5 4 8± 11 3)min和 (5 1 0± 11 0 )min ,(t =1 6 1,P >0 0 5 ) ;术后疼痛程度分别为 (2 0± 0 7)分和 (2 5± 0 8)分 ,(t=- 3 0 2 ,P <0 0 1)。　结论　在熟练掌握LC的基础上 ,开展MLC是安全、有效的。     

糖尿病患者胆囊切除术的比较研究

目的探讨糖尿病患者胆囊切除术的选择. 方法比较我院1998年10月～2002年4月46例糖尿病行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)和开腹胆囊切除术(open cholecystectony,OC)的术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间及并发症发生率. 结果 LC组和OC组的术中出血量分别是(80±23)ml和(120±40)ml(t=-4.518,P=0.000);手术时间为(45±20)min和(69±28)min(t=-3.345,P=0.002);住院时间为(6±2)d和(11±3)d(t=-6.651,P=0.000).两组术后并发症发生率无统计学差异(P＞0.05). 结论糖尿病患者选择LC是安全的,具有出血少,手术时间短和住院时间短的优点.     

改良式单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床对比研究

目的通过对改良式经脐入路单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy,TSPLC)与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床效果对比,研究改良式经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术在临床应用的安全性、优越性及技术要点。方法回顾性分析我院2014年9月至2016年5月行LC的98例患者(经脐单孔LC组为50例,传统三孔LC组为48例)的临床资料,分别观察并对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、术后止痛药物的使用率、住院时间、切口并发症及切口满意度。结果两组患者均成功完成手术;经脐单孔组手术时间(65.7±13.6)min,传统三孔组(40.2±9.8)min,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.01);经脐单孔组术后6 h疼痛评分(3.83±1.73)及术后止痛药物使用率(8%)均明显低于传统三孔组[术后6 h疼痛评分(4.02±7.5),P=0.025;止痛药物应用率(31.25%),P0.01]。术后患者对切口的满意度,经脐单孔组(95.3±10.78)明显高于传统三孔组(78.57±12.65)(P0.01)。两组术中出血量、术后24 h疼痛评分及术后住院时间比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后随访2~3个月,无胆漏、出血、腹腔积液、切口感染等并发症发生。结论使用改良式经脐入路单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行,与传统LC相比具有更加美观、微创,术后恢复快,术后疼痛轻等诸多优势,且不增加手术风险;但该手术操作难度较大,学习曲线相对较长,有一定腹腔镜手术经验的外科医师才能完成。     

单切口免钛夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 探讨单切口免钛夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊良性疾病的可行性及安全性.方法 按患者意愿对1890例胆囊良性疾病患者中的1016例采用脐部单切口免钛夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术(单切口组),实际完成1001例,与同期完成的874例两孔法免钛夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者进行比较,采用t检验和x2比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复等情况.结果 单切口组1016例仅15例因胆囊壶腹部炎症严重改为传统的四孔法切除,其余1001例均顺利完成单切口下LC术.两孔法组完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术874例.两组均无胆漏、胆道损伤及手术死亡等严重的手术并发症.单切口组与两孔法组的手术时间无差异[(34.5±5.2)min与(32.0±7.4)min,t=0.063,P=0.526]、术中出血量无差异[(56.5±17.8) ml与(55.2±15.9)ml,t=0.812,P=0.425]、术后住院时间无差异[(3.1±0.8)d与(3.2±O.7)d,t=1.073,P=0.326],而单切口组切口疼痛轻于两孔法组(P=0.000).结论 单切口免钛夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全性好,创伤更小,更美观.[关健词]胆囊切除术,腹腔镜;单切口;钛夹     

经脐单孔与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的 探讨用普通腹腔镜器械完成经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的安全性、可行性及优势.方法 2011年6月至2012年11月间100例胆囊良性疾病按手术日分为两组,由同一手术组医师分别施行经脐单孔LC与三孔LC,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间及腹壁美容满意度评分.结果 两组手术均获成功.单孔组与三孔组相比,虽然手术时间比较长[（69.1±17.2）min 与（49.8±13.6） min,P＜0.05],但术后切口疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低（1.2±1.0与2.5±1.2,P＜0.05）,腹壁美容满意度评分高[（4.3±0.7）分与（3.6±0.6）分,P＜0.05];而术后肠功能恢复时间[（20.8±10.5） h 与（21.3±10.6） h,P＞0.05 ]、术中出血量[（20.5±13.2） ml与（18.9±14.2） ml,P＞0.05]、术后住院天数[（2.7±1.2） d 与（2.8±1.0）d,P＞0.05]两组间差异均无统计学意义.结论 经脐单孔LC可取得与三孔LC相同的临床结果,此术式安全可行,并且术后切口疼痛明显减轻,腹壁美容效果好.     

经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除术与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术的比较

目的比较微型腔镜下经脐单切口胆囊切除术与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的临床效果,探讨应用常规器械行经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除的可行性。方法 2010年6～11月60例胆囊良性疾病按手术日分为2组,由同一手术组医师分别施行经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除术与传统LC,前者除换用3 mm尿道镜外,余均使用同样的设备和操作器械,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症、总住院费用及术后住院时间。结果 2组均完成胆囊切除,无中转开腹手术,术后无并发症发生。传统组手术时间（47.7±21.6）min明显短于单切口组（62.6±30.6）min（t=2.179,P=0.033）,2组术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、总住院费用及术后住院时间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 微型腔镜下单切口胆囊切除术可行,不仅具有传统LC的优点,还具有切口隐蔽性好,更好的美容效果等特点。     

单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗效果比较

目的 探讨单孔腹腔镜(SILC)与传统腹腔镜两种术式的安全性和可行性.方法 选取胆囊疾病患者54例随机分为SILC组(n=26)和三通道腹腔镜胆囊切除术(3PLC)组(n=28).收集患者年龄、体质量、身高、体质量指数(BMI)、手术时间、疼痛分数、中途转换手术率、切口满意度评分等临床资料,并进行了12个月的随访.结果 两组患者在性别、年龄、体质量、身高和BMI方面比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SILC组手术时间长于3PLC组[(56.9 ±15.8) min比(35.2±8.7) min,P＜0.01].应用相同的麻醉药品后SILC组在术后第1天较3PLC组疼痛分数更高,总的疼痛分数两者相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SILC组患者术后伤口并发症发生率更高,但术后疝发生率相同.SILC组切口满意度评分分数更高[(11.7±0.8)分比(10.1±1.2)分,P＜0.05].结论 SILC较3PLC治疗单纯胆道疾病安全、有效.     

经阴道内镜下胆囊切除术可行性研究

目的 探讨经阴道内镜下胆囊切除术的安全性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析2009年5月至11月山东大学齐鲁医院88例行胆囊切除术女性患者的临床资料.其中32例行经阴道内镜下胆囊切除术(NOTES组),另56例行LC.根据年龄、体质指数、疾病类型、病情严重程度等从56例行LC的患者中选取32例进行逐一配对(LC组).利用配对t检验比较两种术式术后的疼痛时间、镇痛剂应用剂量、肠蠕动时间、手术时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间、住院费用等.结果 两组患者均顺利完成胆囊切除术.NOTES组和LC组患者术中出血量、手术时间、疼痛程度、镇痛剂应用剂量、肠蠕动恢复时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间、治疗费用分别为(5.7±1.5)ml、(76±27)min、2.2±0.6、(10±6)mg、(25±5)h、(9±3)h、(2.1±1.2)d、(1.12±0.34)万元和(13.9±3.1)ml、(38±16)min、6.7±1.5、(28±8)mg、(45±8)h、(26±6)h、(4.3±2.1)d、(1.54±0.18)万元,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.098,-4.712,2.417,3.203,3.089,4.136,4.786,3.917,P<0.05).结论 经阴道内镜下胆囊切除术安全可行,与LC比较有明显优越性.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.