IgA肾病伴新月体形成的临床病理特征

目的探讨新月体形成呈局灶节段性损害的IgA肾病的临床病理特征。方法对28例经肾活检确诊伴局灶节段性新月体形成的IgA肾病与同期36例不伴新月体形成的IgA肾病的临床指标及病理参数进行比较。肾脏的病理改变按Lee标准分级,Katafuchi半定量积分判断肾小球、肾小管及肾血管的病变程度,新月体指数参照Fofi C的计算法。结果血尿在两组中分布有差异(P<0.01);两组间质炎性细胞浸润、球性硬化、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩、血管透明变的Katafuchi半定量积分差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或<0.01);19例新月体呈细胞性和细胞及纤维性改变者新月体指数与其血尿水平有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论伴新月体形成的IgA肾病血尿常见,肾小球、肾小管及肾血管的病变程度相对严重。建议对单纯血尿不伴有蛋白尿或微量蛋白尿的患者,只要条件许可,均应接受肾活检检查,以尽早控制病情的进展。     

实验性小鼠肾小球微血栓形成和新月体性肾小球肾炎

本文报道一种小鼠的新月体肾小球肾炎模型。首先给小鼠尾静脉注射0.5ml兔抗小鼠GBM的抗肾血清,24小时后再注射0.02mg的脂多糖。之后,小鼠的抗基膜性肾小球肾炎的第一和第二时相病变相继出现,第二周肾小球内微血栓形成,第五周有50％以上的肾小球出现了新月体,即典型的新月体性肾小球肾炎形成。这种小鼠新月体性肾小球肾炎模型的制作方法简单,成功率高,可应用于肾小球血栓和新月体的研究。     

新月体性肾小球肾炎的病变发生机制

对22例新月体性肾小球肾炎用光镜、电镜、免疫病理学方法进了病理学研究。免疫复合物沉积(12例)、抗基膜抗体(3例)及不明原因(6例),均可严重损伤肾小球,血液有形成分积纤维蛋白涌入肾小囊,导致新月体形成。新月体细胞具有肾小囊上皮细胞的超微形态,细胞间有基膜样物质形成,单核巨噬细胞弥漫、均匀地分布于肾组织,从而证明新月体主要由上皮细胞增生而形成。     

双冲击疗法治疗新月体肾炎的临床护理

我科近两年来以甲基强的松龙(MP)联合环磷酰胺(CTX)冲击治疗新月体肾炎患者6例,现将护理体会总结如下。1临床资料6例中男4例,女2例,年龄18~70岁,平均42.5岁。诊断标准为肾活检光镜检查>50%的肾小球有大细胞新月体(新月体占肾小球囊腔>50%)形成。其中抗肾小球基底膜(GBM)抗体型(     

巨噬细胞在实验性新月体性肾小球肾炎发展中的作用——组织培养和电子显微镜研究

传统的认识是,新月体是由肾小球的上皮细胞增生所形成,这可能是对包曼氏囊内纤维蛋白沉积的反应。但本文作者在以往的研究中便发现,取自急进性新月体性肾小球肾炎病人或取自建立了实验性新月体性肾小球肾炎动物的肾小球作组织培养时,除了正常肾小球作培养时就可在细胞长出物(Outgrowth)中见到的Ⅰ型(上皮性)细胞和Ⅱ型     

伴有新月体形成的IgA肾病的临床特征及预后

目的 探讨伴有新月体形成的IgA肾病的临床特征及预后.方法 分析89例伴新月体形成的IgA肾病患者肾活检时的临床资料,以412例无新月体IgA肾病患者为对照.对其中276例患者进行随访观察,了解患者人、肾存活情况,用非参数乘积限估计法(Kaplan-Meier法)分析肾存活率.结果 新月体形成在IgA肾病中的发生率为17.8%,39例(43.9%)表现为急进性肾炎,明显高于不伴有新月体形成的IgA肾病患者.其肾小球、肾小管间质病变程度均较无新月体组重,并随着其形成范围及纤维性新月体增加而加重.新月体组平均随访(40.3±29.6)月,其1、3、5年肾存活率分别为95.24%、80.95%和61.9%;无新月体组平均随访(45.1±26.9)月,其1、3、5年肾存活率分别为100%、91.67%和79.17%.结论 伴新月体形成的IgA肾病患者临床表现和病理表现较重,预后较差.     

来氟米特对大鼠肾毒血清性肾炎早期肾损害的保护作用

目的探讨来氟米特（LEF）对大鼠肾毒血清性肾炎早期肾损害的保护作用。方法建立大鼠肾毒血清肾炎模型,随机分为正常对照组、病理对照组、LEF干预组（5mg／kg／d,灌胃）。2周末检测24h尿蛋白含量、血清学指标;观察肾小球病理形态及免疫组化变化。结果病理对照组24h尿蛋白水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,血浆白蛋白水平明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,肾小球内细胞数、含新月体肾小球数、硬化肾小球数、肾组织中MCP-1、ED1^＋细胞浸润明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。肾组织中ED1^＋细胞数与尿蛋白排泄量、形成新月体的肾小球百分数呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）,形成新月体的肾小球百分数与尿蛋白排泄量亦呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。LEF干预组大鼠尿蛋白水平、肾小球细胞总数、硬化肾小球数、新月体数、肾小球ED1^＋细胞浸润及MCP-1表达均明显低于病理对照组（P〈0．01,0．05）。结论LEF能改善肾毒血清性肾炎大鼠早期肾脏病变,其机制可能部分与抑制肾组织MCP-1表达和巨噬细胞浸润有关。     

实验性新月体性肾小球肾炎——Ⅱ.巨噬细胞在新月体形成及发展中的作用——组织学,组织化学,免疫荧光及超微结构的研究

新月体的形成是快速进行性肾小球肾炎的重要形态学改变。传统的观点认为,新月体的形成是由于肾小球肾炎时球囊中纤维素渗出并刺激球囊壁、脏层上皮增生的结果,是属上皮细胞性来源。然而,七十年代以来,应用电镜研究的结果表明,新月体的形成可能是肾小球肾     

感染性心内膜炎合并新月体肾炎2例及文献复习

目的 探讨感染性心内膜炎造成的新月体肾炎治疗和预后.方法 对本科收治的2 例感染性心内膜炎并发新月体肾炎患者的临床及病理特点、治疗方法和预后进行分析,并复习国内外相关文献.结果 两例患者均为中青年男性,有先天性心脏瓣膜病史,经心脏B 超及血培养检查确诊为感染性心内膜炎.例1:尿蛋白3+,潜血3+,24h 尿蛋白定量3.8g,血肌酐最高673.5μmol/L ;肾活检显示31 个完整肾小球,23 个新月体形成(74.2%,11 个细胞性).给予青霉素抗感染、血液透析治疗,并给予激素80mg 静滴3d 后改为40mg 口服,1 月后肾功能仍未恢复,激素500mg 冲击治疗3d 后改为40mg 口服,逐渐减量,肾功能恢复正常,脱离透析,随访2 年余,复查血肌酐(Scr) 68μmol/L,尿常规蛋白1+,潜血-.例2:尿蛋白1+,潜血-,血肌酐最高216.3μmol/L,肾活检显示26 个完整肾小球,14 个小球新月体形成(53.8%,纤维性为主),予长期抗感染治疗,未予激素治疗,行瓣膜置换术后肾功能恢复正常;随访2 年,Scr 86.6μmol/L,尿常规(-).结论 对于细胞性新月体为主的患者,建议给予激素治疗,甚至激素冲击治疗;对于纤维性新月体较多的患者可以只予抗感染及换瓣等清除感染灶治疗;此两例预后均较好.     

急进性肾小球肾炎

急进性肾炎 (ｒａｐｉｄｌｙｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｇｌｏｍｅｒｕｌｏｎｅｐｈｒｉｔｉｓ,ＲＰＧＮ)是引起急性肾衰竭的重要肾小球疾病。急进性肾炎是指在肾炎综合征 (血尿、蛋白尿、水肿和高血压 )基础上短期内出现少尿、无尿 ,肾功能急骤进展 ,短期内到达尿毒症的一组临床综合征。本病的病理改变特征为肾小囊内细胞增生、纤维蛋白沉积 ,又名新月体性肾炎 ,我国目前采用的新月体性肾炎的诊断标准为肾穿刺标本中 5 0 %以上的肾小球有大新月体 (新月体占肾小囊面积 5 0 %以上 )形成。该病病情危重、预后差 ,但如能早期明确诊断并根据各种不…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.