后路椎间盘镜与开放椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗急性腰椎间盘突出症的对比分析

目的 比较后路椎间盘镜腰椎髓核摘除术(microendoscopic discectomy,MED)与开放椎板开窗腰椎髓核摘除术(open discectomy,OD)治疗急性腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法 分析2015年1月至2020年1月福建医科大学附属协和医院骨科收治的48例急性腰椎间盘突出症手术患者的资料,其中MED组25例,OD组23例.比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后住院时间、并发症发生率及复发率,并运用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopeadic Association,JOA)评估治疗评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index score,ODI)评估两组术后疗效.结果 MED组术中出血量、切口长度及术后住院时间均小于OD组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为7.360、17.364、2.764,P均<0.05),而MED组手术时间多于OD组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.611,P<0.05).两组术后1周及1年的VAS评分、ODI评分、JOA评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),MED组术后1周及1年VAS评分、ODI评分、JOA评分与OD组相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).MED组出现1例并发症,OD组出现3例并发症,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),MED组1例出现术后复发,OD组2例出现术后复发,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MED治疗急性腰椎间盘突出症,与OD对比具有创伤小,术后恢复快的优势,两者均能取得较佳疗效及安全性,但在开展早期MED手术时间长于OD.     

腰椎间盘突出症后路开窗髓核摘除术临床观察

目的观察后路开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法选取经后路开窗髓核摘除术治疗并随访1年以上的腰椎间盘突出症患者48例进行手术后近期（NTPP）及中期（MTPP）的JOA评分，进而观察其改善率。结果术后近期优良率为87．50％；术后中期优良率为89．58％。疗效显著。结论后路开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效显著，椎板间开窗损伤小，具有直接减压、效果确切、适应证较广的特点，适合临床广泛应用。     

后路椎间盘镜手术与椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

目的:观察后路椎间盘镜手术(MED)与椎板开窗髓核摘除术(OD)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年5月~2017年5月我院收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者96例,随机分为研究组与对照组各48例。对照组采用椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗,研究组采用后路椎间盘镜髓核摘除术治疗,比较两组治疗效果及手术情况(手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间)。结果:两组手术时间及优良率比较无明显差异(P0.05),研究组术中出血量与术后卧床时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:后路椎间盘镜髓核摘除术与椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效均佳,但前者创伤小、恢复快,预后良好,值得临床推广应用。     

后路椎间盘镜髓核摘除术联合椎旁神经阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效

目的探讨后路椎间盘镜髓核摘除术(MED)联合椎旁神经阻滞(PVB)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法将220例腰椎间盘突出症患者按随机数字表法分为2组:治疗组112例采用MED联合PVB治疗,对照组108例采用开放椎板开窗术(OD)联合PVB治疗。比较2组治疗前后VAS评分变化及手术情况(手术时间、手术切口、出血量)、术后情况(术后3d最高体温、住院时间);采用Nakai评分评价2组的临床疗效。结果与治疗前相比,2组治疗后的VAS评分均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后VAS评分、手术时间、手术切口、出血量、术后3d最高体温、住院时间均显著减少(P<0.05或P<0.01)。治疗组临床疗效优良率显著高于对照组(97.32%比87.96%,P<0.05)。结论 MED联合PVB治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有切口小、组织创伤少、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优点。更多还原     

后路腰椎间盘镜髓核摘除术后并发症原因分析

目的探讨后路椎间盘镜椎间盘髓核摘除术（MED）后疗效不佳及并发症发生原因。方法回顾性分析132例行MED手术优良率,总结分析疗效不佳和并发症发生原因。结果手术优良率为94.7％。脑脊液漏1例;神经根损伤2例;椎间隙感染1例;残留腰椎间盘再突出2例;神经根管狭窄1例。结论为减少MED手术并发症,正确的诊断、严格掌握手术适应证及根据病变情况正确选择手术方式十分重要。     

小切口椎板间开窗腰椎间盘摘除术疗效评价（52例分析报告）

目的 总结小切口椎板间开窗髓核摘除术的疗效及适应症，讨论手术并发症及其预防并与自动经皮腰椎间盘摘除术(APLD)及脊柱后路显微内窥镜椎间盘摘除术(MED)比较。方法 采用小切口椎板间开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症52例，平均年龄39岁，病程平均16个月。全部病人都有腰痛和一侧或双侧下肢疼痛及麻木，部分病人有间歇性跛行。CT及MRI检查7例合并中央椎管狭窄症。结果 术后47例获得随访，平均时间16个月，按Nakai标准评定治疗优良率为94％。结论 认为小切口椎板间开窗髓核摘除术与APLD、MED比较，具有适应证广泛、手术优良率高、后期并症少、不损害脊柱稳定性、价格经济等优点。不失为目前治疗腰椎间盘突出症较为有效可靠的方法之一。     

经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效观察

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术(PTED)与小切口椎板间开窗髓核摘除术(SIIF)治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的近期效果及对腰椎功能的影响。方法按照髓核摘除方式的不同将124例LDH住院患者分为2组。对照组62例患者行SIIF术,研究组62例患者行PTED术。观察2组患者手术优良率、手术指标、腰椎功能及手术并发症的发生情况。结果研究组手术优良率为87.10%(54/62),对照组为82.26%(51/62),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);研究组手术切口长度、术中出血量均显著优于对照组(P 0.05);研究组手术时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组(P 0.05); 2组术后JOA评分显著提高,术后ODI评分显著降低,但研究组术后JOA评分和术后ODI评分变化幅度均显著大于对照组(P 0.05);研究组术后并发症发生率为3.23%(2/62),显著低于对照组的16.13%(10/62)(P 0.05)。结论 2种手术治疗LDH的疗效相当,但PTED能显著改善手术指标,恢复腰椎功能,降低并发症发生率。     

经皮脊柱内镜与小切口髓核摘除术治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效比较

目的探讨经皮脊柱内镜髓核摘除术与小切口椎间板开窗髓核摘除术治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析在本院脊柱外科接受治疗的88例老年LDH患者的临床资料,根据手术方式进行分组,内镜组53例接受经皮脊柱内镜髓核摘除术治疗,小切口组35例接受传统小切口椎间板开窗髓核摘除术。比较2组手术相关指标、住院时间和并发症发生情况,并比较2组术后3个月腰椎功能改善情况。结果内镜组手术出血量、切口长度小于小切口组,术后1周视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于小切口组,住院时间短于小切口组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);内镜组手术并发症发生率为5.66%,显著低于小切口组的25.71%(P 0.05);术后3个月时,2组Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本矫形外科评分标准(JOA)评分均较术前显著改善(P 0.05),且内镜组ODI显著低于小切口组,JOA评分显著高于小切口组(P 0.05)。结论与小切口椎间板开窗髓核摘除术比较,经皮脊柱内镜髓核摘除术治疗老年LDH患者手术创伤小,并发症少,术后腰椎功能恢复更佳。     

后路腰椎间盘镜下椎间盘摘除术与传统手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的对照观察

目的观察对比后路腰椎间盘镜下椎间盘摘除术与传统手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法选取我院2008²012年收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者186例,依照入院顺序随机平均分为观察组和对照组,观察组予以后路腰椎间盘镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗,对照组予以传统手术治疗,对比两组临床疗效。结果观察组术后5d轻度疼痛和中度疼痛分别为64例和26例,疼痛程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后平均JOA评分为(13.9±0.5)分,改善率58.6%,术后JOA评分及远期改善率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论后路腰椎间盘镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症短期效果及长期效果均优于传统手术,值得推广。     

脊柱内镜单节段髓核摘除术治疗多节段腰椎间盘突出症

目的:研究多节段腰椎间盘突出症病人行脊柱内镜下单节段髓核摘除术的疗效。方法:回顾分析2015年9月至2018年3月间我科住院治疗的多节段腰椎间盘突出病人75例,通过椎间盘造影确定责任间盘,行脊柱内镜下单节段(责任间盘)髓核摘除术,比较术前与术后6个月的视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestrydisability index, ODI),并通过Mac Nab标准来评价手术疗效。75例病人通过椎间盘造影的诱发痛情况分为3组,其中单节段诱发痛组(S组),双节段诱发痛组(D组),无诱发痛组(N组),每组25例。所有病人均行单节段脊柱内镜下髓核摘除术,术后均无感染、血肿、神经损伤等并发症,术后至少随访6个月。结果:3组病人术后6个月VAS评分、ODI指数与术前相比有统计学意义(P <0.05),3组病人间术后6个月VAS评分、ODI指数的差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。术后改良Mac Nab疗效评定:S组(优17例,良5例,可3例,差0例,优良率88.0%),D组(优11例,良10例,可3例,差1例,优良率84.0%),N组(优15例,良7例,可1例,差2例,优良率88.0%),3组病人间术后优良率差异无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。结论:对于大多数的多节段腰椎间盘突出症病人,行脊柱内镜下单节段髓核摘除术可取得良好的远期疗效。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.