肩胛骨骨软骨瘤1例

1　病例资料患者,男,10岁。左肩部出现无痛性逐渐增大包块8年余。查体:左肩下部明显翘起呈“翼状肩”,双侧肩部不对称。左肩胛下角前方可触及一边缘清晰之包块,质硬,无压痛,无活动。该包块随肩胛骨活动而活动,局部皮温正常,左腋窝无肿大淋巴结。X线片示左肩胛骨下部腹侧面有一骨性突起,基底宽,其前方第4、5、6肋骨受瘤体压迫而凹陷。见图1。初步诊断为左肩胛骨骨软骨瘤。手术指征明确:①患侧肩部明显畸形;②瘤体大、基底宽阔,可能恶变;③胸片示胸廓因受压致畸形。术前检查肺功能良好,行肿瘤切除术,左肩胛骨内侧缘直切口,暴露瘤体,可见该肿…     

锁骨骨髓瘤1例

1临床资料患者,女,70岁,因“发现左肩部包块1年伴疼痛2个月余”入院。患者缘于1年前无意中发现左肩部包块,当时约鸽蛋大小,无任何不适,包块逐渐增大,近2个月来感包块增大至鸡蛋大小,且伴有酸胀痛,疼痛可放射至左肩关节、左腋下,无咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、胸闷及其他骨骼疼痛。查体:全身淋巴结未触及肿大;左锁骨近端近胸锁关节处可见6 cm×4 cm×3 cm包块(图1),表面无红肿、血管聚集,触诊包块质地不均,包块中央部质软、周围质硬,边界不清,活动度差,表面不光滑,局部皮温不高,轻压痛,听诊无血管杂音;左上肢感觉、活动、循环、肌力、反射无异常。X线…     

Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病合并Ⅰ型Chiari畸形一例报告

患者男,20岁,因脊柱侧凸16年入院.侧凸畸形进行性缓慢加重,从未治疗,近3年来出现运动过多或久坐、久站后腰痛.患者母亲有神经纤维瘤病家族史.体格检查:患者体格、智力发育正常,视力、听力正常.全身多处散在牛奶咖啡斑,未触及皮下包块,剃刀背畸形,左肩较右肩低4 cm(图1),右侧髂嵴较左侧高2 cm,四肢肌力、感觉正常.右侧腹壁反射减弱,病理征未引出.     

甲状腺神经鞘瘤伴囊内出血1例报道

<正>病例资料患者,男,54岁。"发现颈部包块6年"入院。患者6年前发现左侧颈部一包块,约3.0 cm×2.0 cm大,其间包块无明显增大、无触痛,患者无声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳及吞咽困难。入院查体:左侧颈根部可触及一约3.0 cm×2.5 cm大包块,表面光滑,质韧,无压痛,活动度可,不随吞咽上下活动,未扪及明显肿大淋巴结。颈部B超(图1)示:左侧颈部探及一3.4 cm×2.7 cm大低回声包块,边界清,内部回声不均     

巨大胸骨后甲状旁腺囊肿1例报道

病例资料 患者,男,60岁,因发现颈部无痛性包块3年,伴压气感3个月入院.无心慌、乏力、食欲亢进,无骨关节不适感.查体:颈前区左下部可见明显局部隆起包块,扪诊约8 cm×8 cm×6 cm大,光滑、质硬,无压痛,下极达胸骨后无法触及,包块可随吞咽活动.     

指尖表皮样囊肿压迫指骨致骨缺损样变1例

1 病例资料 患者,女,45岁.无明显诱因右食指尖部掌侧包块5个月余,肿痛3个月,无夜间痛,口服"安乃近片"后疼痛有所缓解,于2003年5月14日以"右食指尖部包块"收入院.查体:右食指尖部掌侧肿胀,皮肤无红热,触及包块约1.5 cm×1 cm×0.5 cm,表面光滑,边界清楚,不能推动,质硬触痛.X线片示:右食指末节指骨前内侧局部骨质杯口征(见图1).CT示:右食指末节指骨骨巨细胞瘤可能.     

小儿左胸壁巨大囊性淋巴管瘤一例

患者 男,2岁2个月.发现左腋下一包块26个月,并进行性增大2个月入院.查体:见左外侧胸壁左腋下可见隆起,表面无破溃,周围皮肤无红肿,局部浅表静脉充盈明显,可触及约10 cm×8 cm×8 cm大小的包块,质软,活动度尚可,与左肩关节及周围组织分界不甚清楚,表面欠光滑,无触压痛,左上肢功能正常.实验室检查:各项指标正常.超声波检查提示:左腋窝皮下见一无回声区,范围约7.8 cm×9.2 cm,边界不规则,侧方边界模糊不清,内呈多个不规则囊状回声,最大约2.6 cm×2.5 cm,囊状回声透声尚可,囊壁无血流信号,左腋下囊实混合性占位.     

幼儿阴囊脂肪瘤1例

患儿,男,3岁。因发现其右侧阴囊内囊性包块2年余,以“右侧阴囊肿块性质待查”收住入院。入院体检：一般情况良好,无明显阳性体征。专科检查：阴囊皮肤正常,右侧阴囊可触及一囊性包块,透光试验阴性,包块处无肠鸣音。彩超结果示右侧睾丸上方探及大小约3.08cm×2.38cm的低回声病灶。术前肝肾功、向常规检查正常。     

先天性鼻正中裂一例

病例女,7岁。因先天性鼻梁塌陷并额部包块于1994年入院。检查:一般状况佳,智力及发育良好。心肺及腹部未见异常,四肢无畸形。专科情况:鼻外形宽大、扁平、鼻额角消失。鼻中线两侧软组织明显隆起,触之柔软。中央凹陷,鼻骨触诊无明显裂隙。鼻上端达两侧眉头部,宽约41mm。两侧眶距38mm。左右鼻翼均有缺损,右侧较大。额部正中有3cm×1.2cm 和2cm×2cm大小两个包块,触之柔软,有轻度活动性,包块下之额骨可触及局部轻度凹陷。X 线片检查颅骨、眶骨无异常(图1)。     

肠系膜巨大韧带型纤维瘤病一例

患者,男,42岁,主因"发现左下腹包块l0d余"入院.既往体健.查体:腹部平软,局部无压痛及反跳痛,左下腹可触及质硬包块,ll.0cm×8.5 cm,活动度差.实验室检查:血常规示:正常.肝肾功能电解质示:β2微球蛋白:2759.16mg/L,余无异常.CA19-9、CA125及CEA示:均正常.CT示:左侧腹腔内类圆形肿块,境界清楚,范围约10.3 cm ×7.6cm,不均匀强化,周围系膜未见明显肿大淋巴结(图1).     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。