奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨一线治疗晚期转移性胃癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨作为一线方案治疗晚期转移性胃癌的疗效和安全性。方法27例既往未接受过化疗的晚期转移性胃癌患者采用奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨（XELOX方案）化疗：奥沙利铂130 mg/m²,静脉滴注2小时,d1;卡培他滨2 000 mg/m²,分2次口服,d1～14,21天为一周期。患者最多接受8个周期化疗。结果27例患者共接受124个周期化疗,中位化疗周期数为5个。所有患者均可评价疗效,其中部分缓解12例(44.5%),稳定8例(29.6%), 进展7例(25.9%);客观有效率44.5%(95%可信区间:25.8%～63.2%)。平均随访9.2月,中位疾病进展时间5.0月（95%可信区间：2.6～7.4月）,中位生存时间9.7月（95%可信区间：6.5～12.9月）。常见不良反应有骨髓抑制、外周神经毒性、胃肠道反应、手足综合征等,无治疗相关性死亡。结论XELOX方案一线治疗晚期转移性胃癌疗效显著,耐受性良好。     

适形放疗联合XELOX化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发预后分析

 目的 探讨三维适形放疗（3DCRT）结合奥沙利铂和卡培他滨(XELOX)化疗治疗直肠癌局部复发患者生存时间的影响因素,比较该放化疗不同时序治疗方式对直肠癌术后复发患者的疗效。 方法 随访经3DCRT放疗联合XELOX化疗的83例直肠癌局部复发患者,收集并分析影响其预后的相关临床病理因素。应用Kaplan Meier方法计算生存率,Cox风险模型分析了解病人预后的独立影响因素。83例患者中39例采用3DCRT放疗同步XELOX方案化疗（同步放化疗组）,44例采用3DCRT放疗序贯XELOX化疗（序贯放化疗组）,比较不同时序放化疗治疗对患者疗效及预后差别。 结果 单因素分析显示治疗方式、肿瘤大小、复发部位、病理类型对生存率有影响,其中同步放化疗组和序贯放化疗组1、2、3年累积 生存率分别为89．3％、68.5％、47.2％及83.3％、56.0％、27.4％。Cox多因素分析显示治疗方式、 肿瘤大小及肿瘤病理类型是独立的预后影响因素。同步放化疗组和序贯放化疗组有效率（CR＋PR）分别为66.7％和 43.2％（P<0．05）;局部控制率分别为92.3％和73.5％（P<0.05）;两组毒性反应主要为白细胞 减少、腹泻和恶心呕吐及外周神经反应。在毒副反应方面两组相似（P>0．05）。 结论 治疗方式、肿瘤大小及肿瘤病理类型是直肠癌复发患者独立的预后影响因素。三维适行放射同步XELOX化疗为直肠癌复发患者可耐受的综合治疗方式,同步联合应用可取得增效、增敏、优势互补的作用。     

胃癌患者外周血人端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA表达及其临床意义

目的研究胃癌患者外周血人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT） mRNA的表达,并探讨其临床意义。方法应用TaqMan 实时定量RT-PCR法检测58例患者、20名健康对照者外周血hTERT mRNA的表达,随访2年。结果胃癌患者外周血hTERT mRNA阳性率为55.17%,显著高于健康对照组（P＜0.001）;hTERT mRNA表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移和临床分期相关,其中淋巴结转移和远处转移是影响hTERT mRNA 表达的独立因素;近期疗效无效的患者hTERT mRNA 的阳性率显著高于近期疗效有效的患者（P=0.003）。化疗前hTERT mRNA阳性与阴性患者的1年生存率分别是28.13%和76.92%。结论外周血hTERT mRNA可作为检测胃癌患者微转移的分子标志,定期监测有助于评估化疗疗效和预测预后。淋巴结转移和远处转移与hTERT mRNA 表达密切相关。     

早期乳腺癌hMAM mRNA阳性循环肿瘤细胞检测及其临床意义

 目的 研究早期乳腺癌hMAM mRNA阳性循环肿瘤细胞检测的临床意义。 方法 巢式RT PCR检测50例早期乳腺癌患者术后辅助治疗前外周血hMAM mRNA阳性细胞,随访。24例乳腺良性疾病患者和20例健康体检志愿者作对照。 结果 早期乳腺癌患者术后辅助治疗前外周血有核细胞hMAM mRNA阳性率26.0%,与良性乳腺疾病患者（4.2%）、健康体检志愿者（0%）比较,差异有统计学意义(分别为P=0.025、P=0.012);其hMAM mRNA阳性率与癌组织HER2过表达相关（P=0.037）;13例阳性患者中8例（61.5%）随访出现复发转移（P=0.004）,中位无瘤生存期明显降低（P=0.002）。 结论 hMAM mRNA是检测乳腺癌循环肿瘤细胞较为理想的分子标记物。早期乳腺癌患者术后辅助治疗前hMAM mRNA阳性循环肿瘤细胞检测,可能是预测复发转移和预后不良的辅助指标。     

中药复方联合托烷司琼防治化疗后消化道反应的临床比较

 目的 观察托烷司琼联合中药不同复方防治化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效及其不良反应。 方法 采用随机对照方法,将84例肿瘤患者随机分为对照组 (A=21)、治疗组 (B=63),B组根据患者一般情况再分为胃寒组（B1=19）、胃热组（B2=16）、平证组（B3=28）,在化疗前,两组均予盐酸托烷司琼,在此基础上B1、B2、B3分别予丁香柿蒂汤、橘皮竹茹汤、小半夏加茯苓汤各300ml,分3次口服。在化疗后7天内观察化疗所致胃肠道反应和止呕药的不良反应。 结果 A组急性恶心的完全控制率为42.9%,B组为66.7%(P<0.05);A 组急性呕吐的完全控制率为61.9%,B组为85.7%(P<0.05)。A组延迟性恶心的完全控制率和有效控制率分别为19.0%和38.1%,B组为42.9%(P<0.05)和63.5%(P<0.05);A组延迟性呕吐的完全控制率和有效控制率分别为33.3%和52.4%,B组为56.7%(P<0.05)和84.1%(P<0.01)。两组患者对不同止吐方案耐受性良好,不良反应发生率无差别(P>0.05)。 结论 托烷司琼联合中药不同复方可以较好的防治化疗药引起的消化道不良反应,方案安全、有效、易行。     

非小细胞肺癌化疗前后外周血LUNX mRNA检测的临床意义

 目的 通过检测中晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者外周血中循环癌细胞的Lunx mRNA表达情况,探讨全身化疗对外周血循环癌细胞的影响。 方法 NSCLC组为63例中晚期NSCLC患者,化疗方案为含铂类的两药联合方案,化疗2周期后评价客观疗效。分别在化疗前、化疗1周期后、化疗2周期后抽取外周血静脉血。肺部良性疾病患者10例和健康志愿者10例为对照组。用RT PCR法检测外周血中循环癌细胞Lunx mRNA的表达情况。 结果 NSCLC组化疗前外周血Lunx mRNA阳性表达率为73.02%,而肺部良性疾病患者和健康志愿者外周血均没有表达。外周血循环癌细胞Lunx mRNA表达情况与年龄、性别、不同病理类型、行为状态评分的关系不密切,而与临床分期密切相关（P=0.04）。化疗完成2周期的60例中CR 0例,PR 21例、SD 23例、PD16例。外周血Lunx mRNA阳性率在化疗1周期和2周期后均为38.33%,较化疗前显著降低（P=0.00）。Lunx mRNA阳性率在PR、SD、PD三个亚组分别为23.81%、26.09%、75.00%,PR组和SD组的阳性率较化疗前显著降低（P=0.01、P=0.00）,而PD组与化疗前 相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.65）。 结论 Lunx mRNA是检测NSCLC外周血微转移的良好分子标志物。患者临床分期越晚,外周血循环癌细胞阳性率越高。全身化疗可显著降低有效或稳定患者的外周血循环癌细胞检出率,对病情进展的患者则没有作用,而且这种变化在化疗初始阶段即已出现,可帮助我们提前判断化疗对病情的控制情况,从而制定更合理的治疗计划。     

重组人内皮抑素联合化疗治疗晚期NSCLC近期疗效观察

目的观察抗肿瘤新药重组人血管内皮抑素注射液联合化疗治疗晚期NSCLC的有效性和安全性。方法经组织学或细胞学确诊的Ⅳ期NSCLC患者34例接受重组人血管内皮抑素加常规化疗药物联合治疗,重组人血管内皮抑素剂量为（8.3~10）mg/m²,总量15 mg,加入生理盐水500 ml中缓慢静脉滴注（3～4）小时,滴注过程中给予心电监护,第1～14天连续给药;同时联合给予NCCN指南推荐的化疗药物治疗,每3周重复。按照RECIST标准评价近期客观疗效,按照NCI CTC 3.0版的分级标准评价药物毒性。治疗1周期后评价毒性,2周期后评价疗效。结果所有34例患者均可评价疗效,其中PR9例,SD19例,PD6例,临床有效率为26.47%（9/34）,临床受益率为82.35%（28/34）,初治和复治患者的RR率为42.86%和15%（P<0.05）,CBR率分别为92.86%和75%（P<0.05）,未出现严重不良反应。结论重组人内皮抑素联合化疗治疗晚期NSCLC耐受性好,可以提高化疗的有效率,用于一线治疗时疗效提高更为显著。     

多西他赛或奥沙利铂联合希罗达治疗晚期胃癌的疗效对比

 目的 观察并比较多西他赛（TXT）联合希罗达（Xeloda）或奥沙利铂(LOHP)联合希罗达治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和副反应。 方法 41例患者随机分为两组,A组19例应用TXT联合Xeloda。B组22例应用LOHP联合Xeloda。均化疗2周期以上。 结果 41例均可评价, A组有效率（CR+PR）为52.63%,中位无进展生存期(PFS)为6.1月（95%CI：5.36～9.84）,B组有效率（CR+PR）为54.55%, B组PFS为6.3月（95%CI：5.12~9.46）,均无明显差异（χ²=0.015,P=0.902;Log Rank=1.99,P=0.1588）。两组副反应主要为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,均无化疗相关性死亡。 结论 两种方案对晚期胃癌患者疗效相当,副反应可以耐受。     

吉西他滨联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类和紫杉类药物耐药的转移性乳腺癌临床疗效分析

目的观察吉西他滨(Gemcitabine, GEM)联合卡培他滨(Capecitabine,CAP)治疗蒽环类和紫杉类药物耐药的转移性乳腺癌(anthracycline- and taxane-refractory metastatic breastcancer,ATRMBC)患者的疗效和不良反应。方法37例ATRMBC患者,采用吉西他滨联合卡培他滨方案化疗:吉西他滨1 000 mg/m² 静脉滴注,第1、8天;卡培他滨1 000 mg/m²口服,每日两次,第1～14天;每3周为1周期。结果37例患者共完成155周期化疗,中位化疗周期数为4周期。完全缓解1例(2.7%),部分缓解14例(37.9%),稳定13例(35.1%),进展9例(24.3%);客观有效率40.6%(95% CI 24.8～56.4);临床获益率64.9%(95% CI:49.5～80.3);平均随访14.8月,中位疾病进展时间7.3月(95% CI 6.2～8.4),中位生存期15.6月(95% CI 12.6～18.6)。结论吉西他滨联合卡培他滨是治疗蒽环类和紫杉类药物耐药的转移性乳腺癌的有效方案,其血液学和非血液学毒性能够耐受。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮氩氦冷冻及无水乙醇注射治疗肝癌的临床研究

目的联合肝动脉栓塞化疗 (transarterial chemoembolization, TACE)、经皮局部氩氦刀消融（percutaneous local cryotherapy,PLCT）和经皮瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗(percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, PEIT）三种微创方法综合治疗失去手术机会的肝癌,并与TACE单纯联合PEIT治疗相比较,观察其疗效和安全性。方法132例巨块型或结节型原发性肝癌入选,76例接受TACE、PLCT、PEIT三种微创治疗（三联组）,56例接受TACE及PEIT两种微创方法治疗（两联组）。结果三联组和两联组之间的有效率(42.1%和17.9%)、临床获益率(85.5％和69.6％)、中位疾病进展时间(12周和10周)比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）,1年生存率(75.0％和60.7％)比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论TACE联合PLCT及PEIT比单纯联合PEIT治疗,明显提高了有效率和临床获益率,并延长了中位疾病进展时间,是一种合理、安全、有效的综合治疗模式。     

Outcomes of home anti-cancer chemotherapy--estimation of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for patients with multiple liver metastases

A total of 18 patients (13: colon cancer, 5: gastric cancer) with multiple liver metastases (H3) underwent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) using an implanted arterial port with portable syringe pumps in our outpatient clinic. Clinical perspective: overall response rate was 22.2% (CR: 1 case, PR: 3 cases (1 case: hepatectomy after HAI), NC: 12 cases, PD: 2 cases), however, 7 of 12 cases of NC were long NC (more than 6 months). No major complications with HAI were experienced. Patient Perspective: After HAI in our outpatient clinic, the 50% survival was 341 days, 50% hospital free days were 319 days and home stay rate was 92.9%. Societal Perspective: cost and hospital stay days were significantly reduced. Home anti-cancer chemotherapy using HAI for gastrointestinal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases was safe and efficient from the viewpoint of medical outcomes.     

A case of synchronous gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma successfully treated by TS-1 and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) of low-dose CDDP

A 75-year-old man underwent distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer with liver and lymph node metastases and synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma in April 2004. HAI with low-dose CDDP/TS-1 combination therapy was initiated after gastrectomy. Liver and lymph node metastases decreased significantly, with achievement of a partial response (PR) and a complete response (CR), respectively, and the hepatocellular carcinoma was reduced to 54.1% of its initial size after 3 sessions of this chemotherapy. These results suggested that combined chemotherapy with TS-1 and HAI with low-dose CDDP was not only useful for liver and lymph node metastases from gastric cancer, but for hepatocellular carcinoma as well.     

Hepatic arterial injection therapy (HAI) for metastatic liver tumor from gastric cancer

The results and problems of hepatic artery infusion therapy (HAI) for gastric carcinoma with synchronous liver metastasis were evaluated. The response rate of HAI with CDDP and 5-FU for metastatic liver tumor was 55% (1 CR + 5 PR/11). The median survival time for responders was 16.5 months, which was statistically longer than that of non-responders at only 5.5 months. Histologically, most responder cases were with AFP producing tumors and NSE positive tumors without distant lymph node involvement. Non-responder cases developed marked distant lymph node involvement besides the liver metastasis. Most of responder patients died of lymph node recurrence or distant metastasis other than liver tumor. It may be concluded that additional therapy to HAI is needed to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with multiple liver metastases.     

康艾注射液联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌

目的观察康艾注射液联合TX方案化疗治疗晚期胃癌患者的疗效、毒性反应及对生活质量的影响。方法62例晚期胃癌患者随机分为康艾联合化疗组（治疗组）及单纯化疗组（对照组）,其中治疗组32例,对照组30例。评价两组患者近期疗效、毒性反应及生活质量。结果治疗组与对照组近期疗效分别为46.9％和43.3％（P>0.05）;治疗组血液及非血液毒性均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组生活质量明显改善(P<0.05)。结论康艾注射液联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌,能减轻化疗毒性及改善生活质量。     

A case of multiple liver metastases from rectal cancer in poor performance status successfully treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus CPT-11

Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy is one of the strategies for cases in poor performance status. This is a case report of multiple liver metastases from rectal cancer in poor performance status successfully treated with HAI plus CPT-11. A 59-year-old man who had rectal cancer, multiple liver metastases and para-aortic LN metastasis underwent a laparoscopic rectal anterior resection. He denied receiving postoperative chemotherapy and selected alternative therapy at another clinic. Four months later, he visited our hospital. His liver metastasis and performance status got worse, so HAI of 5-FU 1250 mg/m2 for 5-hour weekly (weekly high-dose 5-FU: WHF) was started at first. After 3 courses, his status improved, so systemic chemotherapy was added. HAI (WHF: 1000 mg/m2) plus CPT-11 (100 mg/m2) was effective, and liver metastases showed a significant reduction (PR) on abdominal CT. HAI plus CPT-11 was effective for a patient of the poor performance status with unresectable liver metastasis.     

Long-term control of rectal liver metastases by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil and l-leucovorin--a case report

For synchronous liver metastases from rectal cancer, after extirpation of the primary lesion, a transcatheter arterial embolization was postoperatively performed 3 times at 6-month intervals. Metastatic lesions in S1 and S8 resulted in progressive disease at 8 and 13 months postoperatively, and simultaneous sharp elevation of both CEA and CA19-9 levels. Therapy was then changed to hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy combined with 5-fluorouracil and l-leucovorin (17 months postoperatively). S1 and S8 demonstrated CR and PR, respectively, 8 months after initiation of HAI. Correspondingly, both CEA and CA19-9 levels decreased dramatically, and have thereafter remained stable to date without marked elevation 36 months after the start of HAI. These findings suggest that our regimen for HAI chemotherapy may effectively control liver metastases and restrain progression over the long-term, that is, establish "tumor dormancy" as proposed in recent years. Moreover, CEA and CA19-9 played important roles as surrogate markers that reflect the response to metastatic tumors.     

大分割三维适形放疗联合化疗治疗中晚期肝癌45例疗效分析

 目的 探讨大分割三维适形放射治疗联合化疗治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。 方法 对45例不能手术的中晚期肝癌患者进行介入治疗两次, 其中22例结合大分割三维适形放射治疗, 采用6MV X线, 单剂量为3~5Gy, 隔日1次,总剂量为DT 45～55Gy 23例单纯介入治疗。 结果 大分割三维适形放疗联合介入治疗组近期有效率(CR+PR)为85.7%,对照组为52.3%,两组差异有统计学意义;1、2、3年的生存率联合治疗组为68.7%,56.8%, 39.8%,对照组为51.2%, 28.7%, 15.7%,两者差异有统计学意义。两组间不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05）。 结论 对于不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌患者, 大分割3DCRT结合TACE有较好的疗效,不良反应可以耐受。