超声和CT对胆囊腺肌增生症诊断价值的对照分析

目的分析超声和CT检查对胆囊腺肌增生症的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析广州医科大学附属第二医院28例经病理证实的胆囊腺肌增生症患者超声和CT表现,分析其影像学特点,并以病理诊断为金标准,分析两种影像方法对胆囊腺肌增生症的诊断价值。率的比较采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义;率的多重比较采用卡方分割,P0.0125为差异具有统计学意义。结果 28例患者中,术前超声诊断胆囊腺肌增生症15例,CT诊断9例,CT诊断率为32.14%,超声诊断率为53.57%,χ2检验表明,超声与CT对胆囊腺肌症的诊断率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.63,P=0.10);卡方分割分析CT及超声诊断不同类型胆囊腺肌症准确率的差异,结果表明,超声与CT对各种类型胆囊腺肌症的诊断率差异均无统计学意义(节段型:χ2=0,P=0.11;弥漫型:χ2=2.57,P=1.00;局灶型:χ2=1.42,P=0.23)。结论 CT及超声是诊断胆囊腺肌增生症的重要影像学方法;凸阵探头与线阵探头联合应用,可能提高超声对胆囊腺肌增生症的检出率。     

18例胆囊腺肌增生症患者二维灰阶超声与超声造影检查结果分析

目的探讨超声造影对胆囊腺肌增生症的诊断价值。方法分析经病理证实的18例胆囊腺肌增生症患者二维灰阶超声及超声造影图像特点。结果二维灰阶超声检查10例、超声造影检查17例发现罗—阿氏窦（胆囊黏膜及肌层过度增生,胆囊壁增厚,腺体样增生的黏膜上皮伸入肌层,形成多数小囊状突出）;术前诊断率分别为55.6%、94.4%;与病理诊断的符合率分别为55.6%、94.4%;P均〈0.05。结论胆囊造影更有助于胆囊腺肌增生症的诊断。     

胆石性肠梗阻的早期诊断与治疗（附8例报告）

目的探讨胆石性肠梗阻的早期诊断和治疗方法。方法对8例胆石性肠梗阻患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果8例均有慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石病史,术前经B超、CT、MRI检查确诊7例。7例单纯行小肠切开取石术,1例一期行小肠切开取石、胆囊切除、十二指肠瘘修补术。死亡1例,痊愈7例。结论胆石性肠梗阻患者均有慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石病史,CT、MR／检查有助于本病的确诊。对于确诊或高度怀疑胆石性肠梗阻者应积极行小肠切开取石或一期胆囊切除、瘘修补术。     

高频超声检查对胆囊腺肌增生症的临床诊断价值

目的探讨胆囊腺肌症患者采用高频超声检查的诊断价值和临床体会。方法将2017年1月—2018年10月疑诊为胆囊腺肌增生症的24例患者分别采用低频和高频彩色多普勒超声检查,观察胆囊腺肌增生症的超声典型表现,比较两种检查方法的效果。结果胆囊腺肌增生症的声像图特征为胆囊壁厚、毛糙,囊腔缩小,囊壁内见多发性、大小不等的罗-阿氏窦,多为局限型。高频超声检查的病灶定位率、罗-阿氏窦显示率、诊断符合率和分型符合率等相关指标明显高于低频超声检查组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论临床超声诊断胆囊腺肌增生症应以高频探头检测为主,辅以低频探头补充,具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

CT和超声鉴别诊断胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎的意义

目的分析和比较CT、超声检查对胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎的诊断价值及其互补性,提出鉴别诊断的要点。方法回顾性分析、探讨我院40例胆囊疾病患者经手术病理证实的CT、超声影像学表现,进行针对性的对比分析。结果 40例胆囊疾病中CT检查明确诊断38例,可疑2例;超声检查明确诊断35例,可疑5例。结论 CT对胆囊疾病的诊断优于超声检查,而后者因无损伤、可反复、费用低等特点可作为胆囊疾病的筛查方法,并为临床提供诊断胆囊癌和慢性胆囊炎的影像学鉴别资料。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊断和外科治疗

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)是一类罕见的慢性胆囊炎,其特征性病变是胆囊壁上伴有巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞浸润的严重增生性纤维化。由于XGC与胆囊癌的临床表现和影像学特征具有相似性,临床上XGC常被误诊为胆囊癌,造成了不必要的大范围手术切除,给患者带来了不良的影响。目前XGC的术前诊断多是基于影像学检查(超声、CT和MRI等),明确诊断仍然依赖于术中冰冻活组织检查或术后病理检查。同时,XGC诊断时应与胆囊腺肌瘤病、胆囊癌和胆囊放射菌病相鉴别。开腹或腹腔镜胆囊切除术是治疗XGC的最主要手段,其中,腹腔镜胆囊切除术耗时长、并发症多、中转率高。所以针对XGC,术前诊断和术中决策是外科医生面临的一大难题。     

肺部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现分析

目的分析肺部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(PMFH)的CT及MRI表现,探究完善的临床确诊方式。方法回顾分析我院收治的27例手术病理证实PMFH患者的CT及MRI表现,探讨该病的有效诊断方式。结果肿瘤直径3.2～20.0 cm,平均(7.8±2.2)cm;肿瘤类型:中心型4例,周围型23例;CT、MRI及免疫组化检查均存在一定特异性。结论对难以确诊的PMFH患者行CT及MRI影像学诊断,辅以免疫组化检查,对于诊断有着较明显的帮助,值得进一步研究。     

CT检查对诊断胆囊腺肌症的效能分析*

目的 总结胆囊腺肌症与胆囊癌患者多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现特征。方法 2015年9月～2020年9月我院诊治的胆囊腺肌症患者113例和胆囊癌患者78例,均接受MSCT和超声检查,外科手术治疗后行组织病理学检查。结果 MSCT检查结果与术后组织病理学检查结果的一致性(Kappa=0.749)显著高于超声检查(Kappa=0.577);MSCT诊断胆囊腺肌症的准确度为88.0%,显著高于超声检查的79.6%(P<0.05);MSCT对局限型胆囊腺肌症的检出率为97.1%,显著高于超声检查的82.9%(P<0.05);在CT检查上,胆囊腺肌症表现为胆囊壁光滑、RAS窦和肝胆交界清楚显示率分别为36.3%、36.3%和69.0%,显著高于胆囊癌组的9.0%、6.4%和38.5%(P<0.05)。结论 MSCT检查诊断胆囊腺肌症有较高的正确率,其特征有助于与胆囊癌鉴别。     

胆囊癌13例误诊原因分析

2005年～2010年,我们共收治胆囊癌22例,其中13例误诊。现分析误诊原因。临床资料：本组男5例,女8例;年龄61～80岁,平均68.9岁。均经手术和病理检查确诊。临床表现为右上腹痛史,持续时间2 d～20年。均行B超检查,诊断为胆囊癌6例,胆囊壁增厚、周界不清11例,胆囊区周围肝组织回声变低1例,胆囊炎2例。伴发胆囊结石16例。术前诊断拟诊胆囊癌6例,误诊为胆囊炎、胆石症13例,误诊率为72.2%。     

低频超声联合高频超声对胆囊增生性疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨低频超声联合高频超声诊断胆囊良性病变的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2016年1月新疆图木舒克市人民医院门诊收治的经手术病理证实为胆囊良性病变患者110例。所有患者均先行常规低频超声检查并记录检查结果;然后联合高频超声进行检查并记录结果。对比分析常规低频超声检查和联合高频超声检查的病理诊断符合率。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果110例患者中,常规低频超声检查与病理诊断结果相符合的有83例;联合高频超声检查与病理诊断结果相符合有102例,其中胆囊息肉样病变70例(68.63%),胆囊腺肌增生症32例(31.37%),另有8例误诊,误诊率为7.3%;低频超声联合高频超声检查的病理诊断符合率(92.73%)明显高于低频超声检查(75.45%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.266,P=0.001)。结论低频超声联合高频超声检查,有利于提高胆囊良性病变的诊断准确率。     

Acoustic artifacts and reverberation shadows in gallbladder sonograms: their cause and clinical implications

From among more than 7000 sonographic examinations of the gallbladder performed over a period of 2 years, different types of acoustic artifacts were observed in 42 patients. Artifacts originated in the gallbladder wall in 37 cases and within the lumen in 5 cases. Eighteen patients had symptoms related to the hepatobiliary area. Twenty-four patients were fully asymptomatic although cholelithiasis was demonstrated in 8. In 21 cases (50%) some type of gallbladder pathology was associated with the presence of acoustic artifacts. Thirteen patients were cholecystectomized and the associated gallbladder pathology consisted of cholelithiasis (N = 5), cholesterolosis (N = 2), adenomyomatosis (N = 2), emphysematous cholecystitis (N = 2), and acute cholecystitis (N = 2). In 3 of these patients a sonographic/pathologic correlation was established. Only 5 of the 18 symptomatic patients presented acoustic artifacts in an otherwise normal gallbladder. Recognition of those pathological conditions favorable to the appearance of artifacts and reverberation shadows is extremely useful for differentiating merely clinically irrelevant anomalies from those that require prompt management.     

金钱胆通口服液治疗胆石症疗效研究

观察金钱胆通口服液治疗胆囊炎、胆石症的疗效和安全性。采用多中心、随机对照试验 ,182例胆囊炎及胆石症患者分为金钱胆通口服液治疗组 12 2例和消炎利胆片对照组 6 0例。治疗后第 1天、3天、7天、14天和 2 1天临床症状改善率治疗组分别为 2 0 4 9%、5 0 82 %、80 33%、91 80 %和 94 2 6 % ;对照组分别为 11 6 7%、4 8 33%、6 6 6 7%、81 6 7%和 85 0 0 % ,7天后症状改善率两组均有统计学差异 (P <0 0 1)。排石有效率金钱胆通组为5 1 92 % ;消炎利胆片组为 2 7 2 7% ;完全排石率治疗组为 14 4 2 % ,对照组为 2 2 7% ,排石有效率两组有统计学差异(P <0 0 1)。两组均无明显不良反应。金钱胆通口服液能明显改善胆囊炎、胆石症症状 ,并有一定的排石功效     

Angiosarcoma of the gallbladder: case report and review of the literature.

A 62-year-old white woman with an unremarkable past medical history presented with acute cholecystitis. A cholecystectomy was performed, revealing an acute hemorrhagic and chronic cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis. Two months after the operation, the patient developed a massive hemoperitoneum and died by hypo-volemic shock. At autopsy, an angiosarcoma measuring 5 cm in diameter was found in the liver, at the site of the gallbladder fossa. There were multiple hepatic, splenic, ovarian and peritoneal metastases and a massive hemoperitoneum consisting of 8 L of blood and blood clots. Review of the tissue sections from the patient's gallbladder confirmed the presence of an acute hemorrhagic and chronic cholecystitis and also revealed residual foci of an angiosarcoma. A review of eight previously reported cases of gallbladder angiosarcoma is also presented.     

A prospective and comparative study of 262 laparoscopic cholecystectomies]

A prospective, comparative study is made of 262 patients (195 males, 67 females) subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two groups were considered: simple cholelithiasis (SC) (187 cases), and complicated cholelithiasis (CC) (75 cases: 63 acute cholecystitis, 8 hydrocholecystitis, 4 pancreatitis). Mean age was 51 among the SC cases, and 57 in the CC patients. Mean operating time was 67 and 96 minutes for the SC and groups, respectively. Preoperative complications were more frequent in the CC group (51.4%) than in the SC patients (24%)--immediate laparotomies being performed in 2 and 25% of the SC and CC patients, respectively. Mortality was zero, with similar morbidity in both groups. Mean hospitalization time was 4.9 and 3.4 days for the CC and SC groups, respectively.     

Biliary infection and bacteremia caused by beta-lactamase-positive, ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in a diabetic patient

We report the case of a 73-year-old female patient with diabetic nephropathy and cholelithiasis. She was admitted to our hospital with right upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The patient had visited an outpatient clinic with the same complaints 2 days earlier, and had been prescribed antibiotics empirically (two doses ofloxacin orally). Blood cultures taken before the start of antibiotic treatment in our hospital were negative. The patient was treated with parenteral ampicillin/sulbactam + ciprofloxacin empirically. The empiric antibiotic treatment was discontinued after 7 days. Elective cholecystectomy was performed after her general condition improved. An aerobic chocolate agar culture of the cholecystectomy material yielded Haemophilus influenzae type b. On postoperative day 3 the patient developed fever again. The fluids collected after cholecystectomy were evaluated microbiologically. H. influenzae type b was isolated from the samples and blood cultures. The patient was diagnosed with H. influenzae cholecystitis, and recovered after 10-day treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam + ciprofloxacin. The findings are discussed together with references for differential diagnosis. H. influenzae cholecystitis due to cholelithiasis, although rare, should be considered in elderly patients with a history of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or nephropathy.     

Dieulafoy病的诊断与治疗13例

目的:探讨Dieulafoy病的临床特点、诊断及治疗.方法:回顾性分析总结13例Dieulafoy病的临床特点、诊断与治疗方法和疗效.结果:13例患者临床表现为单纯呕血者6例,呕血伴黑便者5例,单纯黑便者2例,所有病例入院后均行内镜检查:其中11例经内镜确诊(11/13,85%),首次内镜治疗成功率为91%(10/11).4例经手术治疗(4/13,31%),其中2例内镜治疗失败者在内镜钛夹指引下实施确定性手术,另2例内镜漏诊者靠手术探查或术后病理确诊.10例随访患者无1例复发.结论:掌握本病的临床表现和病理特征是提高诊断率,减少误诊和漏诊的关键;内镜为该病诊断和治疗的首选方法,具有良好的安全性、有效性和远期效果.     

Actual status of clinical diagnosis in patients with primary gallbladder cancer associated with adenomyomatosis

Aim

The purpose of this study was to reveal differences in clinical diagnosis of gallbladder cancer among patients with or without adenomyomatosis (ADM) by analyzing demonstrated tumor patterns on imaging and diagnostic opportunities.

Methods

Ninety-seven patients with gallbladder cancer were enrolled. Demonstrated imaging patterns were classified into mass lesion (ML), wall thickening (WT), and papillary lesion (PL). Clinical status during periodic follow up and other diagnostic opportunities were determined from medical records.

Results

All adenomyomatosis-associated cases were diagnosed at the T2 or higher stage. The distribution of demonstrated imaging patterns was significantly different between the adenomyomatosis-associated and non-adenomyomatosis-associated groups (p?=?0.0002). No adenomyomatosis-associated gallbladder cancer had the PL pattern, which was readily identifiable and characteristic of early-stage cancer. The WT pattern presented difficulties for diagnosis, and the ML pattern was relatively specific, although most of these cases were at advanced stages. Approximately 40 % of ADM patients were found to be in advanced stages of gallbladder cancer, in spite of undergoing periodic follow up.

Conclusions

This study revealed the difficulty of early diagnosis of primary gallbladder cancer in the setting of concurrent ADM. Current results suggest the possible utility of preventive cholecystectomy for management of asymptomatic ADM patients.     

腹腔镜下胆道造影术

为探讨腹腔镜下胆道造影的方法和价值，对６００例胆囊结石并慢性或急性胆囊炎（其中４例伴阻塞性黄疸，６例为胆源性胰腺炎）病人行无选择性腹腔镜胆囊切除和常规术中经胆囊管插管胆道造影术。５６８例（９４．７％）完成了术中胆道造影。术中造影发现胆总管病变４２例，其中３２例为术前未曾检查出的胆管异常。全组共发生胆管损伤３例（０．５％）。表明腹腔镜下经胆囊管插管胆道造影成功率高，术中胆道造影具提高手术质量和防止或减少胆管损伤的作用。     

Acute transient hepatocellular injury in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis without evidence of choledocholithiasis

AIM： To investigate acute transient hepatocellular injury in patients with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis but no evidence of choledocholithiasis.
METHODS： The medical records of patients with cholelithiasis who underwent cholecystectomy between July 2003 and June 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging studies to detect common bile duct （CBD） stones were performed in 186 patients, who constituted the study population. Biochemical liver tests before and after surgery, and with the presence or absence of CBD stones were analyzed.
RESULTS： In 96 patients with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis without evidence of CBD stones, 49 （51.0%） had an alanine aminotransferase level elevated to 2-3 times the upper limit of normal, and 40 （41.2%） had an elevated aspartate aminotransferase level. Similar manifestations of hepatocellular injury were, as would be expected, even more obvious in the 90 patients with CBD stones. These markers of hepatocellular injury resolved almost completely within 2 wk to 1 mo after cholecystectomy. Compared to 59 patients with histologically less severe cholecystitis
in the group undergoing urgent surgery （total 74 patients）, the 15 patients with a gangrenous gallbladder had a higher mean level of total bilirubin （2.14 ± 1.27 mg/dL vs 2.66 ± 2.97 mg/dL, P 〈 0.001） and white cell count （9480 ± 4681/μL vs 12840 ± 5273/μL, P = 0.018）.CONCLUSION： Acute hepatocellular injury in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis without choledocholithiasis is mild and transient. Hyperbilirubinemia and leukocytosis may predict severe inflammatory changes in the gallbladder.     

Acute transient hepatocellular injury in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis without evidence of choledocholithiasis

AIM: To investigate acute transient hepatocellular injury in patients with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis but no evidence of choledocholithiasis. METHODS: The medical records of patients with cholelithiasis who underwent cholecystectomy between July 2003 and June 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging studies to detect common bile duct (CBD) stones were performed in 186 patients, who constituted the study population. Biochemical liver tests before and after surgery, and with the presence or absence of CBD stones were analyzed. RESULTS: In 96 patients with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis without evidence of CBD stones, 49 (51.0%) had an alanine aminotransferase level elevated to 2-3 times the upper limit of normal, and 40 (41.2%) had an elevated aspartate aminotransferase level. Similar manifestations of hepatocellular injury were, as would be expected, even more obvious in the 90 patients with CBD stones. These markers of hepatocellular injury resolved almost completely within 2 wk to 1 mo after cholecystectomy. Compared to 59 patients with histologically less severe cholecystitis in the group undergoing urgent surgery (total 74 patients), the 15 patients with a gangrenous gallbladder had a higher mean level of total bilirubin (1.14 ± 1.27 mg/dL vs 2.66 ± 1.97 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and white cell count (9480 ± 4681/μL vs 12840 ± 5273/μL, P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Acute hepatocel lular injury in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis without choledocholithiasis is mi ld and t ransient . Hyperbi l irubinemia and leukocytosis may predict severe inflammatory changes in the gallbladder.