四川省住院医师规范化培训学员人文素质教育的效果研究

目的　分析四川省住院医师规范化培训学员人文素质教育现状,探讨教育效果,为提高住院医师规范化培训学员人文素质教育提供参考数据。方法　随机抽选五家四川省三甲医院作为受调查医院,从中抽取15名住培管理者、500名住培带教教师、500名住培学员、300名患者为调查对象,主要从他们对住培学员人文素质教育的认知、意见及建议三方面开展问卷调查。运用SPSS 19.0进行数据处理。结果　受调查医院的住院医师规范化培训学员人文素质教育情况欠佳,43.1%的学员认为受重视程度不足,71.7%的学员认为课时及课程内容等设置不能满足培训需求,54.1%的教师认为师资水平有待提高,60.9%的教师认为现有教学条件和方式欠佳。结论　四川省住院医师规范化培训学员人文素质教育效果不佳,可从倡导医院人文管理、培养住院医师规范化培训人文师资、优化住院医师规范化培训人文课程、完善住院医师规范化培训学员考核评价体系四方面予以解决。     

客观结构化临床考试在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

在住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)结束后,对其住培学员的临床实践能力考核,采用客观结构化临床考试(objective structured clinical examination,OSCE)方法进行,进一步尝试使用OSCE作为住院医师规范化培训实践能力考核方式,探索全面评估住培学员临床能力的方法,从而有效、合理、全面地评估住培三年后临床实践能力。同时也为住培学员分层管理及教学提供一定的理论依据。加强住培学员在临床轮转过程中临床技能培训和管理,进一步完善OSCE考试设计与组织,可以对其临床能力进行全面客观评估,提高临床技能操作水平和综合素质,从而为其今后的临床工作打下坚实基础。OSCE对于加强与促进培训基地住培学员的临床实践教学,具有一定的导向作用。     

PBL教学模式在心血管内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

住院医师规范化培训是医学生毕业后教育的重要组成部分,是医学科学发展的必然要求,也是医学人才成才规律的关键所在。心血管内科是内科住院医师规范化培训的重要组成部分,目前心血管病负担日渐加重,已成为重大的公共卫生问题,防治心血管病刻不容缓。本文通过探讨PBL教学模式在心血管内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用,以提高住培医师学习的主动性与积极性,加强住培医师的理论知识和临床实践能力培养,提升教学质量及带教老师的教学能力。     

住院医师规范化培训学员医学人文素养情况调查分析 ——以广西部分医院为例

目的 了解广西地区部分医院住院医师规范化培训(以下简称住培)学员医学人文素养现状及医学人文素养在住培学员中的现实意义,提出提高住培学员医学人文素养的建议和策略.方法 采用方便抽样法抽取广西壮族自治区人民医院、梧州市人民医院、广西壮族自治区桂东人民医院、钦州市第二人民医院4家医院的631名住培学员作为本次研究的调查对象,...     

泌尿外科亚专业分组对住院医师规范化培训的影响及对策

为了提高精准化诊疗水平,各大医院泌尿外科逐步实施了亚专业分组,但随着住院医师规范化培训制度日趋完善,传统管理模式已难以满足国家住院医师规范化培训的要求,对住院医师规范化培训工作提出了新的挑战.目前存在各亚专业组间缺乏同质化教育、学员学习内容不符合要求、教学模式单一、人文及科研素养培训体系不完善等问题.针对规培过程中出现的新问题,可通过加强住培师资队伍建设,改革学员亚专业组轮转制度,丰富教学模式多样化,实行导师制等一系列举措提升规培教学质量,提高学员的学习积极性、临床诊疗水平、医学人文素养和科研水平,使之成为高素质的临床专业人才.     

重庆市住院医师规范化培训效果评价及影响因素分析

目的 探讨重庆市住院医师规范化培训(以下简称住培)的效果及影响因素.方法 通过整群抽样,针对在重庆市三级综合医院的住培学员发放自制调查问卷,运用统计软件进行描述性分析和差异性分析.结果 对1 050名学员发放问卷,共收回有效问卷980份,有效率93.3％.620人认为住培有助于实现医师水平同质化,但是543人认为住培存在待遇低的问题,部分学员认为培训时间过长、基地的培训负荷太重、学员的精力有限.学员的学历层次、培训基地类型及住培期间每周工作时间是影响学员评价结果的主要影响因素(P＜0.05).结论 重庆市住培学员对培训效果总体评价较高,但住培制度建设、带教师资带教能力、培训基地管理及过程考核等方面有待改进.     

CBL床旁教学在肾内科住培中的实践及体会

住院医师规范化培训是培养合格临床医师的重要途径,住培学员在肾内科学习时间相对较短,需要掌握的疾病诊治内容较多,因此带教老师需讲究教学方法和技巧.为探索适应现代医学发展的肾病内科住院医师规范化培训的教学模式,笔者结合本院肾内科多年的住培工作实践,介绍以病例为基础的床旁教学(CBL)模式在住院医师规范化培训中的优势,体现在该教学方法引导学员的学习模式由"以教为中心"到"以学为主体"转变,提高学员的学习主动性、综合分析临床病例的能力,提高学员的独立思维能力.同时学员的主动学习也促进带教老师知识理论的更新,主动掌握疾病诊治最近进展,师生共同提高了教学质量.     

重庆市住院医师规范化培训效果评价及影响因素分析

目的 探讨重庆市住院医师规范化培训(以下简称住培)的效果及影响因素.方法 通过整群抽样,针对在重庆市三级综合医院的住培学员发放自制调查问卷,运用统计软件进行描述性分析和差异性分析.结果 对1 050名学员发放问卷,共收回有效问卷980份,有效率93.3％.620人认为住培有助于实现医师水平同质化,但是543人认为住培存在待遇低的问题,部分学员认为培训时间过长、基地的培训负荷太重、学员的精力有限.学员的学历层次、培训基地类型及住培期间每周工作时间是影响学员评价结果的主要影响因素(P＜0.05).结论 重庆市住培学员对培训效果总体评价较高,但住培制度建设、带教师资带教能力、培训基地管理及过程考核等方面有待改进.     

我国全科住院医师规范化培训教学模式及应用效果研究

背景　国内全科住院医师规范化培训（全科住培）教学模式种类繁多,熟悉每种教学模式的特点,才能更好地综合运用这些教学模式。目的　分析我国全科住培教学模式、应用现状及其效果。方法　2020年1月,以“全科医学”“全科住院医师规范化培训”“全科规培”“全科规范化培训”联合“教学模式”为检索词,检索万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网、维普网2010-01-01至2019-12-31收录的关于全科住培教学模式的文献,阅读并进行总结和分析。结果　研究共入选来自国内53家全科住培基地的75篇文献。文献讨论的共性问题是全科现有教学模式在全科住培带教中的应用效果分析,相对于传统授课式教学模式,新的教学模式分别在学员理论知识培训、临床实践能力培训、人文教育和满意度方面有明显优势。全科相关的教学模式主要有以问题为基础的学习（PBL）教学模式29篇、针对门诊教学的17篇、以案例为基础的学习（CBL）教学模式11篇、导师小组教学模式9篇,其余为情景模拟教学模式、以团队为基础的学习（TBL）教学模式、运用标准化病人的教学模式、巴林特小组教学模式、督导式教学模式、“互联网+”思维下的线上线下混合教学各3篇,医护联合教学模式、研讨式教学模式、“翻转课堂”式教学模式、思维导图、专科-全科联合教学查房（CSGR）、全病程管理、精准教学、形成性评价、学生讲课模式、循证医学、以需求为导向的教学模式各1篇。PBL、CBL、TBL、情景模拟教学、导师小组、形成性评价教学模式适用于提高学员综合能力;翻转课堂式、学生讲课、思维导图教学模式则侧重于学员理论知识水平的提高;运用标准化病人评价和培训学员的教学模式侧重提高学员接诊和查体基本功;CSGR和全病程管理、循证医学和研讨式教学模式适用于提高学员独立思考能力;巴林特小组教学模式侧重提高学员医患沟通能力;“互联网+”思维下的线上线下混合教学模式适用于疫情期间;垂直分层的门诊教学模式、GP-IP全科带教模式和督导式门诊能够提高全科门诊的培训质量。结论　不同的教学模式适用于学员不同能力的培养,针对全科住培教学大纲制定针对全科住培的精准教学目标,各轮转科室结合自身实际情况选择新的教学模式或者进行不同教学模式的整合是提高全科住培教学质量的关键。     

分层管理模式在临床病理科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

住院医师规范化培训是培养高水平医学专业人才的重要手段和必要途径。当前,国内临床病理基地规范化培训仍存在住院医师初始能力参差不齐、培训流程未分层设置、教学活动未分层管理、考核手段同质化等现实问题。为有效推进分层递进培养模式在临床病理住院医师规范化培训中的应用,陕西省人民医院临床病理专业基地针对住培中的相关问题设计了分层管理模式,对不同初始水平的住院医师在培训流程、教学活动、考核过程等各个环节实施分层递进的个性化培养模式。通过因材施教进行个体化管理,可有效提升病理住院医师的诊断水平及临床思维能力,培养出更高质量的临床病理科住培学员。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.