继发型肺结核患者短程化疗致肝功能损害的临床分析

目的 了解继发型肺结核患者短程化疗引起肝功能损害情况。方法对我院2005年12月至2006年12月215例继发型肺结核患者在抗结核药物治疗中出现的肝损害情况进行临床分析。结果（1）继发型肺结核患者抗结核治疗前肝功能正常者184例，占85．6％；异常31例，占14．4％。治疗后肝功能正常者151例，占70．2％；异常64例，占29．8％。（2）抗结核治疗后出现肝功能异常时间：72．7％患者发生于治疗2周内，90．9％患者发生于治疗第1个月内。结论继发型肺结核患者抗癌治疗中易出现肝功能损害，加强护肝治疗，能保证肺结核病人化疗方案完成。     

化疗对继发型肺结核合并HBsAg阳性患者肝功能的影响

目的探讨继发型肺结核合并HBsAg（＋）患者抗结核治疗对肝功能的影响。方法 对201例继发型肺结核患者在抗结核药物治疗中出现的肝损害情况进行临床分析。结果继发型肺结核合并HBsAg（＋）患者31例，抗结核治疗后出现肝损害15例；HBsAg（-）患者170例，抗结核治疗后出现肝损害47例，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论继发型肺结核合并HBsAg（＋）患者抗结核治疗后更容易出现肝功能异常。对合并HBsAg（＋）的肺结核患者治疗时，应密切监测肝功能。     

抗结核药所致的药物性肝病43例临床分析

目的总结抗结核药所致药物性肝病（DILD）的临床特点及其预防和治疗。方法根据服药史、临床表现、肝功能检查、影像学检查及药物性肝病诊断标准,对2001年1月至2008年11月间经抗结核治疗后出现的43例患者进行临床分析和讨论。结果192例患者中,43例肝功能异常,占22．4％。其中12例经护肝治疗后,肝功能恢复正常,继续原方案化疗,同时予护肝治疗,未再次出现肝损害,不必停抗结核药。有21例（占48．8％）病人更改方案,停抗结核药3例（占6．9％）。接受抗结核治疗192例患者中,乙型肝炎病毒标志物HBsAg阳性者18例,其中7例出现肝损害,占38．9％,HBsAg阳性者药物性肝损害高于阴性者（P〈0．01）;结论多种抗结核药可引起药物性肝病;联合用药可增加药物的毒性;HBsAg阳性者抗结核治疗中易出现肝损害;在抗结核治疗前应常规检查肝功能、HBsAg,在用药过程中应定期监测肝功能;早期发现药物性肝病,停用抗结核药物及进行相应治疗。     

抗结核药联用葡醛内酯对肺结核患者肝功能的影响

目的观察加用葡醛内酯对免费抗结核组合药治疗HBsAg（-）肺结核患者肝功能的影响。方法2004年1月至2010年6月共治疗111例肺结核患者,按单纯随机抽样分为观察组56例,使用抗结核组合药抗结核,同时加用保肝药葡醛内酯保护肝脏;对照组55例,单用抗结核组合药抗结核,在治疗期间观察肝功能的变化。结果观察组发生肝功能异常5例,异常发生率为8．93％,对照组发生肝功能异常13例,异常发生率为23．64％,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4．418,P=0．036）。结论葡醛内酯对抗结核组合药治疗肺结核患者肝功能有一定的保护作用,值得临床进一步推广使用。     

国产固定剂量复合剂治疗肺结核的临床近期效果观察

目的评价国产固定剂量复合剂异烟肼利福平吡嗪酰胺／异烟肼利福平(2HRZ／4HR)的抗结核疗效及不良反应。方法将81例初治菌阳肺结核患者，随机分为治疗组(2HRZ／4HR)和对照组(2HRZ／4HR)，观察近期痰菌阴转率、X线病灶改变及不良反应。结果治疗组和对照组2月痰菌阴转率分别达82．5％和65．7％；满疗程痰菌阴转率各为100．0％和88．6％；胸部X线明显改善，治疗组和对照组病灶吸收分别占92．7％和94．3％，两组空洞闭合率分别为63．2％和62．5％；治疗组和对照组各有2例和4例肝功异常。结论国产固定复合剂是一种安全、高效、易被患者接受、具有推广应用前景的抗结核药物。     

肺结核化疗期间肝功能异常及处理情况分析

目的观察肺结核患者化疗期间肝功能异常情况及处理结果，探讨防治方法。方法选取2005年10月～2006年12月化疗的935例肺结核患者，观察至疗程结束，分析化疗期间出现肝功能异常情况、处理措施。结果化疗期间135例患者肝功能异常，发生率14．4％，84．4％发生在强化期，经采取护肝、调整方案、延长疗程等措施，治愈率88．9％。结论重视肺结核化疗期间肝功能异常的早期发现，在护肝治疗的基础上及时调整抗结核方案，可以使肝功能恢复正常。     

药物性肝病临床探讨

目的探讨31例药物性肝病患者的病因和临床特点，以提高临床医师对该病的认识和掌握。方法采用回顾性分析对31例药物性肝病住院患者的用药史、临床表现、肝功能检查、病原学标志以及治疗转归作出综合判断，部分患者结合肝活检组织学检查可使诊断更为明确。结果引起肝病的相关药物中．抗菌素类药占22．6％(7／31)，中药占19．3(6／31)，抗结核类药占12．9％(4／31)，抗肿瘤类药占9．6％(3／31)，解热镇痛类药9．6％(3／31)，抗甲状腺类药6．4％(2／31)、其他药物占6．4％(2／31)，另有4例(12．9％)用药不详。临床分型：急性药物性肝病26例，慢性药物性肝病5例。临床表现根据药物不同作用机制而有所不同，住院患者主要表现为黄疸和转氨酶升高。经停药并给予保肝解毒治疗，30例预后良好，有1例用抗结核药物患者致肝硬化。结论临床医师应重视药物性肝病的预防、诊断和治疗。     

抗结核药物对抗—HCV性患者肝功能的影响

肺结核病伴抗－ＨＣＶ阳性２４例患者，在用含ＳＭ，ＩＮＨ，ＲＦＰ治疗过程中，ＡＬＴ异常与抗－ＨＣＶ阳性密切相关，肝功能损伤率达６２．５％，阳性乾为３．１％，Ｐ＜０．０１，两者差异有显著性。提示结核病人在抗结核治疗前，必须检测抗－ＨＣＶ，阳性者选择对肝脏无损伤或损伤较少的抗结核药物。     

5981例肺结核患者服用抗结核固定剂量复合制剂所致肝损伤分析

目的分析肺结核患者服用抗结核固定剂量复合制剂（FDC）致肝损伤的发生情况,为抗结核FDC在全国推广使用提供政策依据。方法20112012年,选择甘肃、河北、吉林、四川、山东五省,每省选1个地市作为研究现场。各研究现场2011年7月1日至2011年12月31日新登记的初治活动性肺结核患者接受抗结核FDC治疗。共纳入患者5981例,用医学数据管理软件EpiData3．1录入患者个案信息,用SPSS16．0软件进行数据统计学分析。分析患者肝损伤不良反应发生时间及程度、肝损伤不良反应临床症状与实验室检查异常一致性、肝损伤患者治疗方案调整方法等,以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果肝功能异常者占14．4％（862／5981）,其中丙氨酸转氨酶异常者占2．4％（145／5981）,总胆红素异常者占4．0％（241／5981）,直接胆红素异常者占11．9％（714／5981）。中、重度肝损伤者占56．1％（484／862）。中、重度肝损伤发生在服药1个月内者占57．2％（277／484）。有消化系统不良反应临床症状者占10．3％（619／5981）,将有消化系统不良反应临床症状者与肝功能异常者的率进行比较,消化系统不良反应率（10．3％）与直接胆红素异常发生率（11．9％）两者差异无统计学意义（X2=1．1382,P〉0．05）,但与总胆红素异常（X2=14．3116,P〈0．05）和丙氨酸转氨酶异常（X2=19．4849,P〈0．0001）间差异有统计学意义。中、重度肝损伤患者中23．1％（112／484例）改用散装抗结核药品替换FDC治疗。结论应用抗结核FDC治疗肺结核患者致肝损伤情况不可忽视,中、重度肝损伤患者应该改用散装抗结核药物进行治疗。     

抗结核药物对乙肝病毒标志物阳性者肝功能的影响

为观察抗结核药物对乙型肝炎病毒标志物阳性肺结核患者肝功能的影响，对ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＨＢｅＡｇ及抗－ＨＢＣ阳性者９８例含Ｈ，Ｒ方案肝功能改变进行观察。结果：肝功异常占７４．５％，与对照组的９％有显著差异，说明于化疗前检测肝功能和各项乙肝病毒标志物的必要性。     

Chemotherapeutic evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a complication of hepatic dysfunction

A retrospective study on the evaluation of antituberculous drugs for patients with hepatic dysfunction was undertaken to clarify treatment regimens. The values of GOT, GPT and T. Bil were used as indicators of liver function, and the "deterioration" in the liver function was defined as a level greater than 1.5 times the initial value. Of total 538 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, 103 cases (19.1%) had abnormalities in liver functions before chemotherapy, and 21 of 103 cases showed the deterioration in their liver functions during chemotherapy. There was little relationship between the initial status of liver functions and the incidence of their deteriorations after chemotherapy. Nine of 21 cases did not exceed the 3 times of normal ranges of liver functions. These nine cases could tolerate the same regimens of chemotherapy, and showed satisfactory clinical responses to chemotherapy with two exceptions: one died of tuberculosis and the other cerebrovascular disease. On the other hand, of 12 cases with elevated values of hepatic function greater than 3 times the normal limits, 6 cases discontinued chemotherapy. One case, however, died of hepatic failure related to chronic active hepatitis. Eight of 12 cases showed the rapid improvement of liver dysfunctions. These results suggest that antituberculous drugs are acceptable to patients with hepatic dysfunction as long as the elevations of GOT, GPT and T. Bil stay within 3 times of normal limits. Further chemotherapy could be continued under careful monitoring of liver functions even if the cases exhibit elevated levels of liver functions greater than 3 times the normal ranges.     

The impact of antituberculosis drugs upon liver function in patients with positive HBVM

Through the liver function analysis of 100 tuberculosis cases in the course of antituberculosis chemotherapy the authors found that the abnormal liver function rate turned to be 50% in the positive HBVM Group but only 2.4% in the negative, HBVM Group. There is a significant statistical difference between the two groups of cases (P less than 0.01). For this reason, the authors suggested the HBVM should be determined one by one before taking the antituberculosis chemotherapy in the area with high incidence of B-type hepatitis, the data indicated clearly that, the abnormal phenomena of liver function after the antituberculosis treatment for those patients, mainly caused by the drugs.     

Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma existing with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually complicated with liver cirrhosis, which makes its treatment difficult. Also a high rate of recurrence exists after surgical resection. However, how the prognosis after surgical treatment is affected by the severity of coexisting cirrhosis has not been clarified. METHODOLOGY: We compared the postoperative longterm courses of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis according to the liver function. All 112 hepatocellular carcinoma patients in this study underwent curative hepatic resection, and were classified into three groups according to the severity of liver dysfunction. The ICG R15' (indocyanine green retention test) normal: < 10%) was used in this study. Patients whose ICG R15' was less than 20% were classified as group I of 62, patients equal to 20% or between 20% and 30% as group II of 24, and patients equal to and more than 30% as group III of 26. RESULTS: In this series, 76 of 112 patients had recurrence (68%). A second hepatic resection was performed in six cases of group I and one case in group II. Fifty-eight of 76 recurrent cases (76%) were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. A total of eleven cases had no transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the three groups: 3 cases in group I, 5 cases in group II, and 3 cases in group III; The three cases of group III had no treatment because of extremely poor liver dysfunction, whilst the 8 patients without transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in groups I and II had hepatocellular carcinoma itself and other diseases. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after recurrence were 92%, 48%, and 14%, respectively, in group I; 83%, 37%, 12%, respectively, in group II; and 66%, 30%, 0%, respectively, in group III. The prognosis was significantly worse according to the degree of liver dysfunction (p = 0.0206). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis is affected not only by hepatocellular carcinoma itself, but also by the severity of the coexisting cirrhosis. Moreover, the cirrhotic liver can decline due to surgery. Surgical resection of this disease should be performed after careful patient selection and using a less invasive technique.     

Risk factors of acute hepatic failure during antituberculosis treatment: two cases and literature review

Hepatotoxicity is a well-known side effect of antituberculosis treatment (ATT). If not recognised in time, drug-induced hepatitis can develop, which may rapidly progress to acute liver failure. We describe two patients with acute hepatic failure caused by ATT, whose pretreatment liver function had been normal. Both patients successfully underwent liver transplantation. Possible risk factors predisposing towards ATT-induced hepatic failure were evaluated, and at least four risk factors were present in these patients. Although available guidelines do not advocate routine monitoring of liver function during ATT unless baseline values are elevated or in the case of pre-existent liver disease, this is nevertheless common practice. Liver function should always be measured in patients who develop symptoms during ATT, and rising liver function parameters should prompt immediate action to prevent the occurrence of liver failure. This report underscores that regular monitoring of liver function parameters and adherence to guidelines is especially important in patients with risk factors for ATT-induced liver disease. An evaluation of chronic viral hepatitis in risk groups before starting ATT could be worthwhile.     

2H3R3E3Z3/4H3R3方案引起的药物性肝炎及其对抗结核效果的影响

目的　观察和研究2H₃R₃E₃Z₃/4H₃R₃治疗初治涂阳病人药物性肝炎的发生率和药物性肝炎对抗结核效果的影响。方法 对肝功正常、应用2H₃R₃E₃Z₃/4H₃R₃治疗的初治涂阳病人每月复查1次肝功,复查出现ALT升高的每周复查1次肝功,疗程完成后考核疗效。结果 （1）药物性肝炎发生率为23.1%,其中有基础性肝病患者药物性肝炎发生率为66.3%;（2）抗结核过程中肝功检查第1次发现ALT在50 U/L～100 U/L,且无明显肝损症状和胆红素增高者,有51.2%的患者属于一过性转氨酶升高;（3）73.2%的药物性肝炎发生在抗结核治疗的前2个月,26.8%的药物性肝炎发生在抗结核治疗的后4个月;（4）无因药物性肝炎而死亡的病例,药物性肝炎患者停用抗结核药物并行护肝等治疗后肝功恢复时间平均为2.3周,其中,有基础性肝病者肝功恢复时间平均为3.9周,无基础性肝病者肝功恢复时间平均为1.8周;（5）总的肺结核治愈率为94.6%,未发生药物性肝炎患者肺结核治愈率为97.0%,发生药物性肝炎患者肺结核治愈率为86.6%,有基础性肝病患者肺结核治愈率为78.6%。结论 （1）药物性肝炎是影响肺结核,尤其是影响有基础性肝病患者肺结核治疗效果的重要因素,2H₃R₃E₃Z₃/4H₃R₃不宜广泛应用于HBsAg（+）等有基础性肝病的初治涂阳肺结核病人;（2）抗结核过程中肝功检查第1次发现ALT在50 U/L～100 U/L,且无明显肝损症状和胆红素增高者,有51.2%的病例属于一过性转氨酶升高,只要加强护肝治疗,可以不停抗结核药物,但应密切观察患者反应和肝功变化;（3）药物性肝炎虽然全疗程中均可出现,但主要发生在强化期,故应注重强化期的护肝治疗和肝功监测。     

新诊断的Graves病患者肝功能测定的临床意义

目的　探讨新诊断的Graves病患者肝功能测定在临床上的意义。方法　对 111例新诊断的Graves病患者在用药前进行肝功能、肝炎抗体和肝胆B超检查 ,剔除合并肝胆疾病者 14例 ,然后按肝功能正常与否分为肝功能正常组 ( 4 6例 )和肝功能异常组 ( 5 1例 )。结果　入选的 97例新诊断的Graves病患者中 ,有 5 1例 ( 5 2 .6% )至少有一项肝生化指标异常。肝功能异常组的FT3和FT4显著高于肝功能正常组 (P均 <0 .0 0 1)。结论　 5 2 .6%的新诊断Graves病患者可出现由甲亢本身引起的肝功能损害 ,伴肝损害的Graves病患者其甲亢病情往往较重     

甲状腺功能亢进性肝损害与甲巯咪唑继发性肝损害的临床比较研究

目的分析甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)性肝损害患者的肝功能与甲状腺功能的相关性,探讨抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑所致肝损害患者的临床特征及其引起肝损害的相关因素。方法纳入甲亢性肝病患者54例(甲亢性肝损害组)和初诊未治的无肝损害甲亢患者33例(甲亢无肝损害组),收集两组患者用药前的一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能),分析甲亢性肝损害的相关因素;将同期抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑致肝损害患者(27例)根据肝功能指标分为肝细胞型组(7例)、胆汁淤积型组(12例)和混合型组(8例),收集其一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能)并比较。结果甲亢性肝损害组患者治疗前的ALT、AST、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT 3)、游离甲状腺激素(FT 4)和促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平明显高于甲亢无肝损害组(P<0.05),两组患者ALT、ALP、γ-GT水平均与FT 3、FT 4、TRAb水平呈明显正相关(P<0.05)。肝细胞型组、胆汁淤积型组和混合型组患者的年龄、用药时间、ALT、ALP比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲亢患者甲状腺功能异常的严重程度可能与其肝损害相关;抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑引起的肝损害类型可能与患者年龄、病程及用药时间有关。     

苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特对高脂血症患者血脂及血管功能的影响

目的比较苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特对高脂血症患者血脂及血管功能的影响。方法 60例高三酰甘油(TG)血症患者随机分为两组,分别接受苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特缓释片治疗,疗程8周。治疗前后分别测定血脂各成分、肝功能、踝肱动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、踝臂指数(ABI)、大动脉弹性(C1)和小动脉弹性(C2)。结果两组患者治疗后TG均显著下降,非诺贝特缓释片降低TG幅度大于苏子油软胶囊(30.4%比20.7%,P<0.05)。两组降TG能力虽有差别,但两组均能显著降低baPWV、C1和C2,且两组无明显差异。非诺贝特缓释片治疗后有2例(6.7%)患者出现肝功能轻度异常,改服苏子油软胶囊后均恢复正常,而苏子油软胶囊组无一例出现肝功能异常。结论苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特均能显著降低TG,改善大小血管功能,且苏子油软胶囊对肝功能无不良影响。     

ICG清除试验及肝脏弹性值在肝癌术前的应用研究

目的探讨原发性肝细胞癌切除术前应用吲哚菁绿(Indocyanine Green for Injection,ICG)清除试验评价患者肝脏功能、预测术后肝功能不全发生率的价值,并比较术后肝功能恢复与术前肝硬度值的关系。方法选取2015年12月至2017年6月北京佑安医院外科收治的原发性肝癌择期手术患者共64例,术前均行ICG排泄试验,记录ICG-R15、ICG-R10、ICG-R5、有效血流量及ICGK值,检测肝脏硬度值,确定肝功能生化指标进行Child-pugh分级,术后评估肝功能恢复情况。结果64例患者中Child A级53例,Child B级11例,两组间R15、R10、R5、有效血流量、ICGK,术前ALT、术前AST、胆碱酯酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ICG-R15<10%、10%~20%、≥20%三组患者,各组例数分别为38例、11例和15例,术后发生肝功能不全的例数分别为7例、4例、8例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Child A组R15与术前ALT、术前AST、胆碱酯酶、总胆红素及直接胆红素相关系数分别为0.361、0.486、-0.526、0.41和0.327。对比术后肝功能不全组与未出现肝功能不全组术前肝弹性值,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论吲哚菁绿清除试验及肝脏硬度值可用于评价原发性肝癌患者术前肝脏功能情况,帮助预测术后肝功能不全发生的风险。     

Liver disease during the first post-transplant year in bone marrow transplantation recipients: retrospective study

Liver dysfunction is a common problem in BMT recipients and it is important to determine the etiology in order to institute appropriate therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible causes of liver dysfunction during the first post-transplant year in BMT recipients and to identify a possible relationship between pre-existing liver dysfunction and viral hepatitis with prognosis after BMT. We reviewed liver status before and after BMT in 130 consecutive patients at the Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center. Liver dysfunction during the first post-transplant year occurred in 85 out of 101 (84. 2%) allogeneic BMT recipients and 13 out of 29 (44.8%) autologous BMT recipients. In allogeneic BMT, GVHD and drug hepatotoxicity were major causes. In autologous BMT, drug hepatotoxicity was the most common cause. Eighteen out of 130 patients (13.8%) had abnormal liver function tests before BMT. These patients did not have an increased risk of post-transplant liver dysfunction, GVHD, and death compared to patients who had normal liver function tests prior to BMT. Nine patients were hepatitis B antigen positive and three patients were anti-HCV positive prior to BMT. There was no significant increase in the incidence of post-transplant liver dysfunction, GVHD, and death in these patients.