鼻咽癌病例一对照研究的危险状态分析

１９９０年４￣１０月，在福建闽南地区进行以医院为基础的１：１配对的病例－对照研究，着重探讨除ＥＢ病毒以外其他环境因素与鼻咽癌发生的关系。调查内容包括一般情况、居住史、饮食史、烟酒史、饮茶史、家族肿瘤史、职业史及慢性耳鼻咽喉疾病史等。调查结果经危险状态的单因素检验及条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，发现多食腌制食物，暴露于厨房的燃烟、油烟，吸烟及被动吸烟暴露等可能是鼻咽癌的危险因素，而新鲜蔬菜可降低鼻咽     

鼻咽癌病例—对照研究的危险状态分析

１９９０年４～１０月，在福建闽南地区进行以医院为基础的１：１配对的病例－对照研究，着重探讨除ＥＢ病毒以外其他环境因素与鼻咽癌发生的关系。调查内容包括一般情况、居住史、饮食史、烟酒史、饮茶史、家族肿瘤史、职业史及慢性耳鼻咽喉疾病史等。调查结果经危险状态的单因素检验及条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，发现多食腌制食物，暴露于厨房的燃烟、油烟，吸烟及被动吸烟暴露等可能是鼻咽癌的危险因素，而新鲜蔬菜可降低鼻咽癌的发病危险。     

结肠癌发病风险的病例对照研究

目的研究影响结肠癌发病的危险因素,为预防和控制结肠癌的发生提供理论基础。方法本次研究采用病例对照研究的方法,回顾性收集在我院住院的85例结肠癌患者作为病例组,并选取同期住院的非肿瘤患者作为对照组,收集相关资料,研究影响结肠癌发生的危险因素。结果单因素分析发现,文化程度低（OR=3．43,95％CI：1．81～6．50）、体育锻炼少（OR=2．14,95％CI：1．17～3．94）、食用新鲜蔬菜少（OR=3．67,95％CI：1．95—6．90）、恶性肿瘤家族史（OR=2．58,95％CI：1．03～6．50）、阑尾炎史（OR=4．61,95％CI：1．74～12．16）是结肠癌发病的危险因素;多元Logistic回归模型进行分析发现,文化程度低（OR=1．548,95％CI：1．397～6．492）、食用新鲜蔬菜少（OR=I．731,95％CI：1．306—5．439）、阑尾炎史（OR=I．489,95％CI：1．197～3．972）是结肠癌发病的独立危险因素。结论低文化程度、食用新鲜蔬菜少、有阑尾炎史的人群是结肠癌高发的人群,针对这类重点人群需要加强预防和干预。     

汶上县农村居民食管癌危险因素分析倡

目的 研究农村居民食管癌发病的影响因素,为农村居民食管癌的防治提供依据.方法 以汶上县某乡镇1148 个进行食管内镜检查的农村居民为研究对象,其中内镜检查阳性者102 例作为病例组,阴性者1046 例作为对照组,应用非匹配病例对照研究方法,对食管癌发病的相关因素进行调查分析.结果 食用腌晒食品与食管癌呈正关联,OR 值（95% 可信区间）为1.676（1.166 ～ 2.410）,文化程度高、食用新鲜蔬菜、水果则是食管癌的保护因素,OR 值（95% 可信区间）分别为0.691（0.504 ～ 0.949） 、0.384（0.227 ～ 0.651） 、0.422（0.295 ～0.735）.结论 食用腌晒食品为食管癌的危险因素,学历较高和食用新鲜蔬菜和水果则是食管癌的保护性因素.     

福建省食管癌流行因素的初步调查

目的探讨福建省食管癌流行的危险因素。方法在福建省１９８９～１９９０年曾进行居民死因回顾性调查的１４个县市６８个抽样点（乡、镇、街道），每个抽样点按１９８１年全国人口标准构成调查４５～７４岁的居民２００人，探讨各抽样点食管癌标化截缩死亡率与人群２０年前饮食、生活习惯之间的相关关系。结果资料的简单Ｓｐｅａｒｍａｎ相关分析发现霉粮、腌制蔬菜、腌制豆类、粗粮占口粮的比例及男性吸烟等因素与食管癌的死亡率呈显著正相关，新鲜蔬菜则可能为保护性因素。进一步的多元中位数回归分析显示进入方程的因素为腌制蔬菜、腌制豆类、新鲜蔬菜及男性的新鲜水果等。未发现鱼露、饮酒、腌制海产品等因素与食管癌死亡率之间的联系。结论食用腌制蔬菜、腌制豆类，少吃新鲜蔬菜、水果可能是福建省食管癌流行的重要危险因素。     

血脂水平及膳食、生殖等因素与乳腺癌发生的病例对照研究

目的探讨血脂、饮食、生殖等因素与乳腺癌发生的关系，寻找乳腺癌发生的危险因素。方法采用病例对照的研究方法，选择女性乳腺癌原发病例94例作为病例组，选择一般人群128例作为对照组。对研究对象分别进行问卷调查、人体测量以及血液标本的采集，采用全自动生化分析仪测定血清血糖、血脂水平。结果将单因素分析有意义的因素和文献认为可能的危险因素引入多因素非条件Logistic回归分析，结果水果食用频率（OR=0．58，95％ CI=0．40—0．66）、蔬菜食用频率（OR：0．75，95％CI=0．30—0．81）、虾类食用量（OR=0．31，95％CI：0．11—0．87）、乳腺良性病史（OR=3．15，95％CI=1．12—8．91）、乳腺外伤史（OR=9．85，95％CI：5．32—20．92）、月经不规律（OR=3．03，95％CI=1．01—9．13）、服用避孕药史（OR：6．44，95％CI=1．82—22．85）、血清FCH（OR=15．19，95％CI：4．11—56．19）、TG（OR=5．54，95％CI=2．33—9．89）、apoA1（OR=12．73，95％CI=2．44—66．31）、apoB（OR=0．05，95％CI=0．003—0．63）水平和腰臀比（OR=3．68，95％CI=1．34—10．11）进入回归模型。结论血清FCH、TG、apoA1水平高，月经不规律，使用雌激素，乳腺良性病史，乳腺外伤史可能为乳腺癌发生的危险因素。血清apoB水平高，食用虾类、水果、蔬菜为乳腺癌发生的保护因素。     

杭州居民腌制食品摄取行为现况及相关因素分析

目的调查杭州居民摄取腌制食品的现况，探讨推进居民改变不良饮食的方法。方法在杭州市3个区随机抽取了18周岁以上的居民1388名，用自制问卷调查居民腌制食品摄取情况、腌制食品摄入行为分阶段现况及影响居民摄取腌制食品的因素。结果（1）1130名（81．41％）居民经常摄取腌制食品，114名（8．21％）偶尔摄取腌制食品：（2）居民在行为各阶段的现况：1244名摄取腌制食品的居民中，前意向阶段的居民占77．25％，意向阶段的占2．97％，准备阶段的占10．61％，行动阶段的占5．47％，维持阶段的占3．70％。（3）居民的文化程度、既往饮食习惯、行为态度、他人的劝告、对他人劝告的态度、行为改变的信念与摄取腌制食品的程度有相关性（P〈0．05）。结论（1）杭州居民摄取腌制食品情况较严重；（2）腌制食品的摄取行为改变受多因素影响；（3）对处于腌制食品摄取行为各阶段的居民，应采取不同的健康教育与健康促进方法，进行行为干预。     

100例哮喘患儿发病的危险因素调查及Logistic回归分析

目的对哮喘患儿发病的危险因素进行分析,为儿童哮喘的防治提供进一步的参考依据,降低其发病率。方法选取我院2009年1月～2011年1月收治的100例哮喘患儿作为调查研究对象。同时选择同期来我院门诊体检的年龄、性别相匹配的100例非哮喘性疾病患儿设立为对照组,对100例哮喘患儿发病的危险因素进行调查研究。结果哮喘儿童有患儿或家族过敏史及家族哮喘史、由气候变化、物理刺激、异味等环境因素以及呼吸道感染等诱因、接受纯母乳喂养比率少等均与儿童哮喘的发病密切相关（P〈0．05）,而与居室装修情况无关（P〉0．05）,采用Logistic回归分析对单因素分析中有意义的危险因素进行分析,结果表明,哮喘儿科及家族过敏史以及家族哮喘史、环境因素如气候变化、物理刺激、异味等以及≥6次／年的呼吸道感染史、母乳喂养比率少等均为哮喘儿童发病的重要的危险因素。结论导致儿童哮喘发病以及加重的危险因素多种多样,是今后对儿童哮喘研究的重要课题之一,从而为儿童哮喘的防治提供进一步的参考依据,降低其发病率。     

桥粒芯糖蛋白3基因在鼻咽癌中表达的初步研究

目的 从纯化鼻咽组织全基因组表达谱数据中筛选出鼻咽癌发病相关的候选靶基因桥粒芯糖蛋白3（DSG3）,利用半定量逆转录（sqRT）-PCR进一步研究DSG3基因在纯化鼻咽部组织中反义RNA（aRNA）中的表达。方法采用RNA保护技术保存组织标本（22例鼻咽癌患者及12例鼻咽部正常或存在炎性黏膜上及组织者）,显微切割获得鼻咽癌组织标本中的癌细胞、鼻咽部非癌组织标本中的黏膜上皮细胞,提取每一例纯化组织标本RNA,线性扩增获得足量aRNA,通过sqRT-PCR进一步研究候选靶基因DSG3在两种不同鼻咽纯化细胞aRNA中的表达。结果在纯化鼻咽癌组织和鼻咽部非癌组织全基因组表达谱中,DSG3基因表达值分别为2、06±1、60和0．48±0．23,表达相差4．24倍,两组比较差异有统计学意义（df=16,t=2．145,P=0．048）。sqRT-PCR检测纯化鼻咽癌组织及非癌组织aRNA中DSG3基因的表达,分别为3．54±2．69和0．95±0.23,两组差异亦有统计学的意义（df=32,t=3．307,P=0．002）。结论 利用全基因组芯片构建基因表达谱结合sqRT-PCR等实验研究,可筛选出与鼻咽癌发病相关的候选靶基因,DSG3基因高表达是鼻咽癌发生发展过程中的再要促瘤因素。     

赤峰市敖汉旗肝癌危险因素分析

目的探讨赤峰市敖汉旗肝癌主要危险因素,为开展敖汉旗肝癌的防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究方法,按1∶1配比选取符合条件的病例与对照194对进行问卷调查,采用SAS9.13软件进行条件Logistic回归分析,趋势检验采用2χ检验法。结果既往史方面,两组间差异有统计学意义(2χ=12.54,P<0.05)。经常饮酒增加肝癌发生的危险(2χ=9.21,P<0.05)。新鲜蔬菜、水果等食物可降低危险性。随着食用熏制、腌制食品的增加,肝癌发生的危险性上升(2χ=25.43,P<0.05)。精神压力大、较大的精神创伤等均增加肝癌的危险性(2χ=10.54,P<0.05)。随着饮用水的量的增加,肝癌发生的危险性降低(2χ=9.78,P<0.05)。结论肝癌的主要危险因素为慢性肝病史,饮酒,缺少新鲜蔬菜、水果、肉蛋制品,精神压力大,较大的精神创伤,性格要强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.