灵芝多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响研究

目的了解灵芝多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响。方法采用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验(半体内法),以灵芝多糖溶液连续灌胃小鼠后,经腹腔注射鸡红细胞悬液,取腹腔洗液制作涂片,固定染色后置于显微镜下观察,同时计数小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的数目并计算吞噬率和吞噬指数,对结果进行统计学分析。结果①21g/kg、84g/kg组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率及吞噬指数明显高于低剂量组和对照组,经统计学分析有显著性差异(P<0.05);②84g/kg组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数高于21g/kg剂量组,经统计学分析有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论灵芝多糖能够提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,从而增强机体的免疫功能,但与剂量有关,低剂量灵芝多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞免疫功能无明显影响,只有中、高剂量才能提高小鼠巨噬细胞免疫功能。     

全蝎酶解物增强小鼠免疫功能的研究

目的基于半仿生技术,探究全蝎酶解物是否能增强小鼠免疫力。方法通过小鼠迟发型反应、抗体生成细胞、血清溶血素、碳廓清实验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性实验,考察其对小鼠免疫力的影响。结果与对照组相比,全蝎酶解物高、中、低剂量组均能显著增加小鼠迟发型变态反应(P<0.05),单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清中剂量组,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验高、低剂量组,NK细胞活性高剂量组,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3个剂量组对小鼠体质量、脾脏与胸腺系数、小鼠抗体生成细胞以及小鼠血清溶血素能力影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全蝎酶解物具有一定的增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫功能、体液免疫功能、细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:小鼠腹腔注射80mg/kg环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型,灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液连续供应30d,每天1次。测定小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能、外周血白细胞数目、NK细胞活性、白介素-1(IL-1)活性、白介素-2(IL-2)活性、TNF-α活性、半数血清溶血素、抗体生成细胞、T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力、迟发型变态反应。结果:灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液各剂量组(低剂量组:灵芝多糖2.5mg/kg+硒5μg/kg;中剂量组:灵芝多糖5mg/kg+硒10μg/kg;高剂量组:灵芝多糖15mg/kg+硒30μg/kg)均可提高外周血白细胞数目、提高半数溶血素值,低剂量组增强IL-1活性,中剂量组增强IL-2活性,高剂量组和中剂量组增强T、B淋巴细胞的增殖能力、NK细胞活性、TNF-α活性,高剂量组增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、碳粒廓清值、提高抗体生成细胞、增强迟发型变态反应。结论:灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能具有改善作用。     

灵芝颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 研究灵芝颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 小鼠按体重分成五大组,分别为免疫一组:空斑、溶血素测定、脏器指数;免疫二组:NK活性、淋转试验;免疫三组:DTH试验;免疫四组:小鼠碳廓清试验;免疫五组:小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验.每大组动物按体重随机分成4小组,每小组10只动物,按人日推荐量的5倍、10倍、30倍分别设0.833、1.67、5.00g/kg·BW 3个剂量组和蒸馏水对照组.动物每天按20mL/kg·BW连续灌胃30天后,分别进行碳廓清测定、迟发型变态反应(DTH)检测、抗体生成细胞和血清溶血素测定、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞(半体内法)和脏器/体重比值测定、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验和小鼠NK细胞活性测定(乳酸脱氢酶LDH测定法).结果 样品各剂量组与对照组比较:①各剂量组小鼠体重、胸腺指数、脾指数、小鼠碳廓清能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数均无统计学意义;②样品高剂量组明显增强ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和DNFB诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应;③样品中、高剂量组明显增强小鼠抗体生成能力,高剂量组明显升高小鼠血清溶血素水平;④样品高剂量组明显增强小鼠NK细胞活性.结论 灵芝颗粒具有增强免疫力的功能.     

甲壳胺胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨甲壳胺胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法免疫实验采用0.045、0.45、1.35g/kg剂量的甲壳胺胶囊,小鼠经口灌胃30d,分别测定免疫器官脏器/体质量比值、半数溶血值、抗体生成细胞数、ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应和碳廓清实验、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性。结果与阴性对照组比较,1.35g/kg剂量能提高小鼠的半数溶血值(HC50)、小鼠抗体生成细胞数,1.35、0.45g/kg剂量能增强小鼠的迟发型变态反应能力。3个剂量对小鼠体质量增长、胸腺体质量比值、脾脏体质量比值、小鼠单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清能力、Co-nA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力、NK细胞活性均无影响。结论甲壳胺胶囊有增强免疫力的作用。     

富硒罗布麻茶对小鼠免疫调节作用的研究

目的 探讨富硒罗布麻茶对小鼠的免疫调节作用.方法 将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组和富硒罗布麻茶3个剂量组(0.5、1.0、3.0g/(kg·BW),连续灌胃30d后,测定胸腺、脾的脏器/体重比值、迟发性变态反应水平、小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖转化能力、脾脏抗体生成细胞数和血清溶血素水平、碳廓清功能、小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力、NK细胞活性.结果 3.0g/(kg·BW)剂量组富硒罗布麻茶可增强ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖转化能力(P<0.05)和DNFB诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应(P<0.05),可提高小鼠抗体生成能力(P<0.05),明显增强小鼠NK细胞活性(P<0.05).结论 富硒罗布麻茶对小鼠的免疫功能具有增强作用.     

芪杞参颗粒对小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的影响

目的研究芪杞参颗粒对小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的影响。方法6周龄昆明种小鼠分空白对照组、芪杞参颗粒高、中、低剂量组,小鼠腹腔注射鸡红细胞混悬液,观察芪杞参颗粒对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响;制备绵羊红细胞(SRBC),观察血球凝集程度,测定血清溶血素;以靶细胞(YAC-1细胞)与脾细胞(效应细胞)的反应检测芪杞参颗粒对小鼠自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性的影响;采用淋巴细胞转化法观察芪杞参颗粒对细胞免疫的影响;计算小鼠胸腺质量/体质量及脾脏质量/体质量为脏器系数观察芪杞参颗粒对小鼠脏器的影响。结果与对照组比较,芪杞参颗粒显著增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能;对小鼠体液免疫功能有一定的增强作用;可增强小鼠NK细胞活性;对刀豆蛋白（Con）A诱导下的小鼠淋巴细胞转化有增强作用;对脏器系数没有显著的影响。结论芪杞参颗粒具有明显的免疫调节作用,预示其有良好的应用前景。     

蜂胶胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨蜂胶胶囊对正常小鼠免疫调节作用。方法将192只BALB/c小鼠随机分为4批,每批动物分为低、中、高三个剂量组和一个溶剂对照组。其中第一批小鼠进行脏器/体质量比值和小鼠碳廓清实验;第二批小鼠进行抗体生成细胞检测和血清凝血素测定(HC50)和绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠足趾增厚(DTH);第三批小鼠进行腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验;第四批小鼠进行乳酸锂脱氢酶法(LDH)测定NK细胞活性和ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验。结果高剂量组蜂胶胶囊可提高小鼠碳廓清能力(P<0.05),增强绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH能力(P<0.05),促进NK细胞活性(P<0.05)和血清凝血素的生成(P<0.05),并且能促进ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力(P<0.05)和抗体生成细胞数的生成(P<0.05);中剂量和高剂量组蜂胶胶囊能提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力(吞噬百分率P<0.05;吞噬指数P<0.05);但对免疫器官/体质量比值无明显影响。结论蜂胶胶囊对正常小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫和单核-巨噬细胞功能和NK功能有促进作用,即具有增强免疫力功能。     

益生汤对小鼠免疫功能调节作用

目的:研究益生汤对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用.方法:BALB/C小鼠随机分为正常对照组、益生汤低剂量组(1.04 g·kg-1)、中剂量组(2.08 g·kg-1)和高剂量组(4.16 g·kg-1),连续灌胃给药30 d,采用刀豆蛋白A诱导的小鼠脾T淋巴细胞转化实验、巨噬细胞的吞噬能力、NK细胞活性测定以及测定血清中IL-2研究益生汤对小鼠免疫功能的作用.结果:益生汤高、中、低剂量组均能明显增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,增强小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞的增殖转化反应,升高血清IL-2水平(P＜0.05),中、高剂量组可使小鼠NK细胞活性明显升高(P＜0.05或0.01).结论:益生汤可明显增强小鼠的免疫功能.     

复方枸杞袋泡茶对免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨复方枸杞袋泡茶对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将48只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、环磷酰胺对照组、环磷酰胺+复方枸杞袋泡茶高剂量组、环磷酰胺+复方枸杞袋泡茶低剂量组,每组12只。连续灌胃14d,2次/d,14d后检测复方枸杞袋泡茶对小鼠免疫器官、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和T淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果与环磷酰胺对照组比较,各剂量组对小鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞增殖作用均有统计学意义(P<0.05,)。结论复方枸杞袋泡茶对免疫功能低下的小鼠有免疫增强作用。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.