Catquest 9SF-CN量表在白内障中的最小临床重要差异研究

目的：评估Catquest 9SF -CN量表应用于白内障手术人群的反应度，并结合校标法和分布法确定最小临床重要差异值（MCID）。方法：前瞻性队列研究。对纳入温州医科大学附属眼视光医院的213例白内障术前患者进行Catquest 9SF -CN量表调查。术后1～3个月对来院复查的患者再次进行量表调查和7个选项的校标条目调查。分析量表的天花板和地板效应，通过配对t检验分析手术前后量表得分和视力的差异，采用效应值、标准化反应均数和变化率三个指标联合评估量表的反应度。然后根据术前视力、术前并发症（有/无）和术眼数量（单眼/双眼）分组，计算手术带来的得分变化。通过单因素方差分析（根据术前视力分组）或独立样本t检验（根据并发症或者术眼数量分组）分析组间差异。分布法通过1个效应值、1个测量标准误和1/2个得分变化标准差估算MCID，校标法通过校标选项和得分变化的线性回归分析估算MCID，最后根据平均值法确定取值。结果：共144人完成Catquest 9SF -CN量表的随访调查。量表术前的天花板和地板效应为4.2%，术后提高至17.3%。手术带来的量表总得分变化为（10.4±7.7）分，logMAR视力变化为（0.3±0.3），两者有相关性（r=0.30， P<0.001），且各自手术前后的差异具有统计学意义（t视力=13.44，t得分=16.75，P<0.001）。量表的效应值、标准化反应均数和变化率分别是1.71，1.40和44.46%。有完整随访资料的患者根据术前视力分成3组，或者根据术眼数量分成2组后，组间的得分变化差异均无统计学意义。根据并发症分组后，差异有统计学意义（t=2.90，P=0.004）。分布法中1个效应值、1个测量标准误和1/2个得分变化标准差估算MCID分别为1.71分，2.12分和3.96分。校标法中量表得分变化和校标条目选项存在显著相关（r=-0.35，P<0.001），回归公式中的β系数为3.74，用来估计MCID值。结合分布法和校标法取平均值得到最终MCID值2.88分。结论：Catquest 9SF-CN量表适用于白内障生活质量评估，在中国白内障手术前后的反应度良好，并建立了MCID值2.88分作为应用参考。     

Relationship of sociodemographic variables with outcomes after cataract surgery

Purpose

The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics of patients undergoing cataract extraction and their outcomes.

Methods

The method comprised a prospective cohort study of patients recruited from 17 hospitals of different areas of Spain. Data gathered before surgery included sociodemographic variables, visual acuity, and visual function (using the Visual Function Index-14). After surgery, we assessed visual acuity and visual function at 6 weeks and at 3 months, respectively. Multivariate multilevel analysis was performed to assess the relationship of sociodemographic variables with changes in visual acuity and function, analysing whether improvements surpassed the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs).

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that for visual acuity, (i) older men had a lower odds ratio (OR) of surpassing the MCID (OR: 65–75 years, 0.64; >75 years, 0.51); (ii) those with primary (1.65) or secondary (1.41) education had higher ORs than those with no formal education; and (iii) those living in a residential home had a lower OR than men living alone (0.36). In women, we found that the higher the educational level, the greater the improvement in visual acuity (primary, 1.41; secondary, 1.76), whereas socially dependent women (0.70) were less likely to exceed the MCID. With regards to predictors related to achievement of an MCID in visual function, only dependency was associated with more improvement in men (OR: 1.39), whereas in women the educational level was the only predictor (primary: 0.72; secondary: 0.61).

Conclusions

This study found that patients with certain sociodemographic characteristics were less likely to experience an MCID in visual acuity or visual function after cataract surgery.     

单眼孔源性视网膜脱离手术引起的视功能相关生存质量改变

目的 了解单眼孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD）和相关手术引起的视功能相关生存质量（VRQoL）改变及其影响因素。 方法 采用中文版低视力者生存质量量表（CLVQOL）测量92例单眼RRD手术患者手术前和随访期末的VRQoL。 结果 量表的克郎巴赫α系数大于0.7。手术前CLVQOL得分最低的条目均在维“调节能力”。手术后量表得分明显提高。手术引起条目得分改变最大的均在维“调节能力”。影响手术前CLVQOL量表得分和手术引起的得分改变的首要独立因素分别是患眼手术前视力和患眼视力改变。 结论 CLVQOL量表可以敏感反映单眼RRD手术患者VRQoL状况。单眼患RRD者的生活满意程度急剧下降。手术后VRQoL明显提高,特别是调节能力,但在完成一些精细工作和日常家务活动时仍有困难。通过提高视力、及时手术和避免手术并发症,有利于单眼RRD患者VRQoL的改善。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22: 106-109)     

Phacoemulsification in trabeculectomized eyes

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively risk indicators for cataract surgery and the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) control in eyes that have undergone trabeculectomy. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective analysis of 138 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or exfoliation glaucoma (EG) in 138 consecutive patients over the age of 40 years undergoing trabeculectomy with no antimetabolites performed by one surgeon. Of the 48 eyes (35%) undergoing a cataract operation during the follow-up period of 2-5 years, 46 were included in this analysis. Their IOP, glaucoma medication and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before cataract surgery and at the last follow-up were compared. Risk indicators for cataract surgery were analysed. RESULTS: Cataract operations were performed 5.1-58.1 months (median 14.4 months) after trabeculectomy. The mean length of follow-up after cataract surgery was 25.3 months (SD 12.9, median 24.8 months). Before cataract surgery, the mean IOP was 16.2 mmHg (SD 4.9) and the mean number of topical antiglaucoma medicines 0.8 (SD 1.0). At the most recent visit, mean IOP was 17.3 mmHg (SD 6.4) (p = 0.35), and the mean number of medicines was 1.3 (SD 1.1) (p = 0.0007). Of the 22 eyes in which treatment had been categorized as completely successful (IOP < or = 21 mmHg without other therapy) before cataract surgery, 13 (59%) had remained so. The number of failures (IOP > 21 mmHg, or more than one medication needed or further surgery performed) increased from 14 (30%) before surgery to 28 (61%) afterwards. The proportion of failures in the cataract surgery group was twice that in the no cataract surgery group (61% versus 31%). In a proportional hazards regression, only age (73.9 years [SD 9.4] and 68.1 years [SD 9.8] in patients with and without cataract surgery, respectively) proved to be a significant (p = 0.001) indicator for surgery. CONCLUSION: The results of this retrospective study on consecutive clinical cases of trabeculectomy indicate that cataract progression after trabeculectomy is mainly an age-related process. In more than half the eyes with good preoperative IOP control, this good control was maintained after cataract surgery. On the other hand, in some eyes cataract surgery may compromise IOP control even when surgery avoids the area of the bleb.     

黄斑孔患者手术后生活质量变化

目的评价黄斑孔手术对患者生活质量的影响。方法黄斑孔患者25例（25眼）行常规玻璃体切除术并注入C3F8。手术前和手术后5月完成中文版低视力者生活质量量表。结果1次手术黄斑孔解剖闭合率为84．00％（21／25）。手术眼视力及双眼并用视力在手术前和手术后5月差异无统计学意义（分别是P=0.206，P=0.283）。远视力、移动和光感以及读和精细工作2个指标和生活质量总分在手术前后差异有统计学意义（分别为P=0．043，P=0．034，P=0．035）。结论 黄斑孔手术能改善患者的生活质量。生活质量量表的应用结合传统的临床检查能较全面地反映手术干预后患者健康状况的变化。     

Recovery of visual and functional disability following cataract surgery in older people: Sunderland Cataract Study

PURPOSE: To examine changes in visual, psychological, and functional disability in older people waiting for cataract extraction and 6 months after surgery. SETTING: Community-based study in Northeast England. METHODS: Participants were 92 patients (mean age 78.1 years +/- 6.5 [SD], 79% female) with age-related cataract. Questionnaires were administered at time of listing for cataract extraction, 2 weeks preoperatively, and 2 and 6 months after surgery to assess visual symptoms and function, anxiety and depression, perceived health status, cognition, and activities of daily living. RESULTS: Mean waiting time was 265 +/- 64.4 days. Forty-six patients had first-eye surgery, 39 had second-eye surgery, and 7 had sequential-eye surgery (both eyes operated on during follow-up). During the waiting period, there were no significant changes in visual symptoms, cognition, or functional abilities. However, perceived health status, anxiety, and depression improved significantly during this time. For first- and second-eye patients, surgery resulted in significant improvements in all questionnaire scores, except activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: Despite waiting 9 months for cataract surgery, patients did not decline in visual symptoms, social functioning, or cognition. In first- and second-eye patients, successful cataract extraction resulted in significant gains in visual function, cognition, and emotional and general well-being. The benefits of cataract surgery in older people extended beyond simple measures of visual acuity.     

Visual field changes after cataract extraction: the AGIS experience

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that cataract extraction in glaucomatous eyes improves overall sensitivity of visual function without affecting the size or depth of glaucomatous scotomas. DESIGN: Experimental study with no control group. METHODS: One hundred fifty-eight eyes (of 140 patients) from the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study with at least two reliable visual fields within a year both before and after cataract surgery were included. Average mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) were compared before and after cataract extraction. To evaluate changes in scotoma size, the number of abnormal points (P < .05) on the pattern deviation plot was compared before and after surgery. We described an index ("scotoma depth index") to investigate changes of scotoma depth after surgery. RESULTS: Mean values for MD, PSD, and CPSD were -13.2, 6.4, and 5.9 dB before and -11.9, 6.8, and 6.2 dB after cataract surgery (P < or = .001 for all comparisons). Mean (+/- SD) number of abnormal points on pattern deviation plot was 26.7 +/- 9.4 and 27.5 +/- 9.0 before and after cataract surgery, respectively (P = .02). Scotoma depth index did not change after cataract extraction (-19.3 vs -19.2 dB, P = .90). CONCLUSIONS: Cataract extraction caused generalized improvement of the visual field, which was most marked in eyes with less advanced glaucomatous damage. Although the enlargement of scotomas was statistically significant, it was not clinically meaningful. No improvement of sensitivity was observed in the deepest part of the scotomas.     

Measuring outcomes of cataract surgery using the Quality of Well-Being Scale and VF-14 Visual Function Index

PURPOSE: To evaluate the validity and responsiveness of the self-administered Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB-SA) and the 14-item Visual Function Index (VF-14) to assess patients having cataract surgery. SETTING: Large Southern California health maintenance organization. METHODS: This study comprised 233 adults who had uneventful small-incision (< 3.0 mm) phacoemulsification cataract extraction under local anesthesia. Patients were assessed before surgery as well as 4 to 6 weeks and 4 months after surgery using the QWB-SA and the VF-14. RESULTS: Postoperatively, patients reported significant improvements on QWB-SA (P < .005) and VF-14 (P < .001) measures. Those grouped by visual acuity in the operated eye and unoperated eye and first-eye surgery or second-eye surgery had significant changes in VF-14 results (P < .001). Improvements on the QWB-SA were significant except when the preoperative visual acuity was better than 20/40 in the operated eye or 20/50 in the unoperated eye and when patients had first-eye surgery. The vision-specific VF-14 was more sensitive to improvements after surgery than the more general QWB-SA. Both demonstrated a greater magnitude of change with lower baseline scores and correlated significantly with self-reported satisfaction and trouble with vision. CONCLUSIONS: Both the utility-based generic QWB-SA and disease-specific VF-14 profile were responsive to changes in quality of life after cataract surgery. The VF-14 was more sensitive to change but cannot be used for comparison across disease states or for policy analysis. The QWB-SA can be used to estimate the cost/utility of cataract surgery.     

Modified cataract surgery with telescopic magnification for patients with age-related macular degeneration

BACKGROUND: The most desirable effect following cataract surgery in the presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is to obtain an improvement in distance resolution acuity, and the only optical solution to this is the use of telescopic magnification. The purpose of the study was to develop and verify the clinical utility of inducing low-grade telescopic magnification (<33%) at the time of cataract surgery by the choice of an appropriate intraocular lens power and spectacle glasses in patients with AMD and cataract. METHODS: The design was a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional case series involving 6 patients aged 74-86 (mean 80; SD 4) years with AMD and cataract. Participants were males and females, equal in number, who had visual acuity of less than 20/400 in the weaker eye. Standard cataract surgery was performed in the weaker eye. The power of the intraocular lens was derived from the reduced Gullstrand model of the eye in such a way that at the intraocular lens plane a minus lens was created, which, together with a plus lens in matching glasses, formed a Galilean telescopic system with magnification of up to 33%. Outcome measures were visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and activities of daily living (ADL) scores. RESULTS: The mean power of the implanted intraocular lenses was 6.31 (SD 2.42) diopters and, according to the theoretical derivations, achieved magnification between 20% and 30% (mean 26%; SD 4.92%). Visual acuity improved for the group from a mean of 20/525 (logMAR 1.48; SD 0.13) to a mean of 20/290 (logMAR 1.20; SD 0.21). Contrast sensitivity improved significantly (p < 0.001) only in the lower spatial frequencies. Postoperatively, ADL scores improved significantly in all patients except one. At the end of the follow-up period, 3 patients reported that they would like to proceed with similar surgery for the other eye. INTERPRETATION: An optimal surgical telescopic device based on low-grade telescopic magnification may improve functional vision for usage in all tasks in AMD patients. All patients from this study were satisfied following surgery and viewed study outcomes as positive and beneficial, and some patients responded with enthusiasm. Surgeons are encouraged to use this modified technique of cataract surgery in low-vision patients with AMD and cataract.     

Evaluation of the anterior chamber depth after cataract surgery with OCT Visante

INTRODUCTION: OCT Visante allows the visualisation of the anterior segment structures and particularly of the irido-corneal angle by a non-contact method. We made a prospective study on 14 patients to demonstrate by OCT Visante the changes of irido-corneal angle and depth of the anterior chamber after cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 14 eyes of 14 patients have undergone a phacoemulsification of the cataract with posterior chamber lens implantation. All patients have had a complete ophthalmologic examination, an OCT Visante with angle measurement and an A-Scan for determination of the lens thickness. All these exams were repeated at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: In all patients, we noticed an increase of the postoperative iridocorneal angle. The mean preoperative angle was 18.3 degrees +/- 11.81 SD, 38.65 degrees +/- 3.95 SD at 1 week postoperatively and 45.7 degrees +/- 8.72 SD at 1 month. DISCUSSION: Imagery by OCT Visante allowed us by a non-invasive method to quantify very precisely the opening of the irido-corneal angle and the increase of the anterior chamber depth after cataract surgery. OCT Visante is a method allowing the visualisation and quantification of anterior segment changes after cataract surgery.     

高度近视并发白内障患者术前及术后生存质量改变的研究

目的：探讨白内障手术疗法对高度近视并发白内障患者生存质量的影响。

方法：选取陕西省子洲县复明工程中46例高度近视并发白内障患者实施白内障摘除术,进行问卷调查、视力检查,分析手术前后视功能、生存质量以及功能性指标变化。

结果：患者46例中44例(96%)为第1眼手术,2例(4%)为第2眼手术。46例患者术后视力均高于术前。术后的视功能、生存质量及视功能损害眼病患者生存质量量表测评均高于术前。手术前后功能性指标变化比较也有显著性改变。

结论：安全且效果极佳的白内障手术疗法可以提高高度近视并发白内障患者的生存质量,是该类患者除了基本康复及视觉康复之外的重要康复手段。     

Effect of cataract extraction on frequency doubling technology perimetry in patients with glaucoma

AIM: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in patients with co-existing cataract and glaucoma. METHODS: In this consecutive prospective cohort study 27 patients with open angle glaucoma scheduled for cataract extraction alone or combined with trabeculectomy were enrolled. All patients underwent FDT threshold C-20 visual fields within 3 months before and 3 months after surgery. Changes in mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were evaluated. Additionally, changes in best corrected logMAR visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of glaucoma medications were also studied. RESULTS: 22 patients completed the study. VA improved after surgery, from 0.47 (SD 0.19) to 0.12 (0.17) (p<0.001). The visual indexes changed after cataract extraction: MD improved (from -10.9 (SD 4.6) dB to -7.0 (4.6) dB; p<0.001) while PSD worsened (from 7.1 (SD 3.5) dB to 8.5 (3.8) dB; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients with co-existing cataract and glaucoma, examined with FDT, MD improved and PSD worsened after cataract surgery. Global indexes of FDT should be interpreted with caution in patients with glaucoma and cataracts.     

低视力者生活质量量表中文版的研制和信度与效度考评

目的探讨制定一个可量化测定视力下降人群视功能相关生活质量的量表,评价其信度和效度。方法翻译英文版““低视力者生活质量量表““(LVQOL)为中文版CLVQOL。采用单纯随机抽样,设置原始组和对照组。原始组间隔2周再次复查,成为重测组。分析量表的内在一致性、重测信度、内容效度、结构效度及判别效度,计算不同性别、年龄、学历及视力与CLVQOL量表得分的相关性。 结果经过系统的翻译、回译及文化调适步骤后所得的CLVQOL量表无论是在临床患者,还是在社区居民中克朗巴赫α系数和分半信度都在0.75～0.97之间,重测信度的组内相关系数在0.69～0.95之间。各条目集合效度的相关系数均在0。4以上,而条目判别效度绝大多数在0.4以下。因子分析共提出4个公共因子。原始组的CLVQOL各维和总体得分比对照组明显低。CLVQOL得分在不同性别、年龄和学历之间无差异,与视力的相关系数高。结论 CLVQOL符合中国的文化特点;其信度、效度均高,适用于临床和社区等各种人群,是能敏感地反映视力下降人群与视功能相关生活质量状况的量表。     

Assessment of the Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness after Cataract Surgery

Purpose: To evaluate changes in the tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) after cataract surgery and the effects of cataract surgery on dry eye syndrome (DES) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: LLT measurements obtained using the LipiView interferometer, tear break-up time (TBUT) measurements, Schirmer’s tests, Oxford staining scores, lid margin and meibomian gland findings, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire scores were evaluated before and one and three months after cataract surgery. Results: Forty-three eyes (43 patients) were included. LLT was significantly thinner one month after surgery than at baseline (P = 0.004). TBUT was significantly shorter at both one (P < 0.001) and three (P < 0.001) months after surgery than at baseline. OSDI scores were significantly higher (P < 0.001) and the meibum quality was significantly poorer (P = 0.001) at one month after surgery than at baseline. TBUT was significantly and positively correlated with LLT (r = 0.29, P < 0.001), while the OSDI (r = ?0.38, P < 0.001) and Oxford staining (r = ?0.30, P = 0.001) scores and the meibum quality (r = ?0.21, P = 0.01) were significantly and negatively correlated with LLT. Conclusions: The tear film LLT was significantly thinner and DES and MGD parameters showed deterioration after cataract surgery. In addition, LLT was significantly correlated with DES and MGD parameters. These results suggest that clinicians should consider the tear film lipid layer while managing the exacerbation of DES after cataract surgery.     

Change in health-related quality of life after cataract surgery in a population-based sample

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term outcomes from cataract surgery on self-rated health, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a population-based older sample. METHODS: Participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study at the baseline (n=3654), 5 (n=2335), and 10-year follow-up (n=1952) were interviewed and examined. Questionnaires included an assessment of self-rated health and HRQOL using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Incident cataract surgery was defined if participants had cataract surgery since baseline, and confirmed via lens photographic grading. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of participants who experienced a change in self-rated health between those who had incident cataract surgery (14.1% improvement; 29.1% deterioration) and non-surgical subjects (16.7% improvement; 27.0% deterioration). We found no association between incident cataract surgery and the odds for 10-year change in self-rated health, after multivariate adjustment. In contrast, participants who had incident cataract surgery had a significant improvement in the mean scores of 'mental health' domain of HRQOL (+1.60 vs-2.04, P=0.02) and in the mental component score (+1.43 vs-0.82, P=0.02) than participants who did not undergo surgery. Cataract surgery during follow-up had no significant influence on change in mean scores of other domains or in their physical component score of the SF-36 (-2.57 in participants who had incident surgery vs-2.29 in non-surgical participants, P=0.78). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed long-term improvement following cataract surgery in the mental but not in the physical domain of the SF-36 or in answers to a specific self-rated health question.     

Impact of cataract surgery on self-reported visual difficulties: comparison with a no-surgery reference group

PURPOSE: To examine the impact of cataract surgery on older adults' self-reported visual difficulties and compare them with those of patients with cataract who declined surgery over the same period. SETTING: Twelve area practices. METHODS: This was a consecutive chart review over a 6-month period. Primary inclusion criteria were 55 years or older, cataract in 1 or both eyes with 20/40 visual acuity or worse (best corrected, distance), and no previous cataract surgery in either eye. The Activities of Daily Vision Scale (ADVS) and visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and disability glare tests were administered at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up visit. RESULTS: This study comprised 245 patients, 156 of whom elected to have cataract surgery and 89 of whom declined. Those electing surgery were more likely to be white, female, and have worse visual acuity and no ocular comorbidities. At baseline, ADVS subscale scores ranged from 53 to 76 in the surgery group and from 72 to 89 in the no-surgery group. In the surgery group, subscale scores improved by 15 to 21 points on average at the 1-year follow-up; scores were unchanged or worse in the no-surgery group over this period. This difference between the groups remained statistically significant after adjustment for group baseline differences in demographics, vision, and ADVS score. In the surgery group, visual acuity improvement in the first eye was an independent predictor of increases in the ADVS overall score and night driving and glare disability subscales; contrast sensitivity was an independent predictor of improvement in the night driving subscale. A reduction in disability glare in the second eye was independently linked to increases in the overall ADVS score and the night driving, near vision, and glare disability subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline findings suggest that cataract patients who have surgery have more difficulty in visual tasks than those who decline surgery. After surgery, patients reported less difficulty with visual tasks. In the no-surgery group, no change was reported. Improvements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and reductions in disability glare after surgery were independently linked to improvements in ADVS scores.     

Interim clinical outcomes in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study comparing initial treatment randomized to medications or surgery.

PURPOSE: To report interim outcome data, using all available follow-up through 5 years after treatment initiation, in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS). DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred seven newly diagnosed glaucoma patients. METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial, 607 patients with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma were initially treated with either medication or trabeculectomy (with or without 5-fluorouracil). After treatment onset and early follow-up, patients were evaluated clinically at 6-month intervals. In addition, quality of life telephone interviews were conducted at similar frequency to the clinical visits. Patients in both arms of CIGTS were treated aggressively in an effort to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) to a level at or below a predetermined target pressure specific for each individual eye. Visual field (VF) scores were analyzed by time-specific comparisons and by repeated measures models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: VF loss was the primary outcome variable in CIGTS. Secondary outcomes of visual acuity (VA), IOP, and cataract were also studied. RESULTS: On the basis of completed follow-up through 4 years and partially completed through 5 years, VF loss did not differ significantly by initial treatment. Over the entire period of follow-up, surgical patients had a greater risk of substantial VA loss compared with medical patients. However, by 4 years after treatment, the average VA in the two groups was about equal. Over the course of follow-up, IOP in the medicine group has averaged 17 to 18 mmHg, whereas that in the surgery group averaged 14 to 15 mmHg. The rate of cataract requiring removal was greater in the surgically treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Both initial medical or initial surgical therapy result in about the same VF outcome after up to 5 years of follow-up. VA loss was greater in the surgery group, but the differences between groups seem to be converging as follow-up continues. When aggressive treatment aimed at substantial reduction in IOP from baseline is used, loss of VF can be seen to be minimal in general. Because 4 to 5 years of follow-up in a chronic disease is not adequate to draw treatment conclusions, these interim CIGTS outcomes do not support altering current treatment approaches to open-angle glaucoma.     

Uveal effusion after cataract surgery: an echographic study

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of uveal effusion after cataract surgery and to relate its presence to selected preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred seven eyes of 205 subjects undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS: Several preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables of potential significance in uveal effusion after cataract surgery were studied. On the first postoperative day and within 2 weeks after the surgery, subjects were examined clinically and echographically with B-scan for evidence of suprachoroidal (uveal) effusion. When effusion was present, follow-up examinations were performed until complete resolution was documented. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Echographic presence of uveal effusion in the postoperative period. RESULTS: Uveal effusion was documented echographically in 12 patients (5.8%). Only one of these cases was clinically evident. All effusions were small and resolved with no intervention. The presence of postoperative hypotony related to wound leak (intraocular pressure <10 mmHg) was significantly correlated with uveal effusion after cataract surgery (P<0.0001). The combination of oral acetazolamide and topical pilocarpine gel given after the surgery also correlated with effusion (P<0.02). Intraoperative complications and prolonged phacoemulsification time were not shown to be risk factors for effusion. CONCLUSIONS: Uveal effusion is rarely seen after modern, small-incision, closed-system cataract surgery. It is correlated with postoperative hypotony related to wound leak and with the administration of both oral acetazolamide and topical pilocarpine after surgery.     

Investigation of the stability of one-piece acrylic intraocular lenses in cataract surgery and in combined vitrectomy surgery

BACKGROUND: To compare the degrees of intraocular lens (IOL) movement between eyes that received a one-piece acrylic IOL and those that received a three-piece acrylic IOL after cataract surgery, and also among eyes that received a one-piece acrylic IOL after a combined vitrectomy surgery for cataract. METHODS: In the first study, we report on 50 patients who were implanted with a one-piece acrylic IOL in one eye and a three-piece acrylic IOL in the contralateral eye for senile cataract. In the second study, we report on 50 patients who were implanted with a one-piece acrylic IOL in combined vitrectomy surgery for cataract and retinal diseases. The degree of IOL decentration and tilt, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using Scheimpflug video photography at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery in both the studies. The postoperative refractive status was also examined. RESULTS: The mean decentration and tilt showed no marked changes during the follow-up in eyes with either IOL implanted, and no marked differences were noted in either study throughout the follow-up. The ACD did not change after surgery with one-piece IOL implantation, for either the cataract surgery group or the combined surgery group, except for 1 week after surgery in eyes requiring gas tamponade. In contrast, marked shallowing in ACD was observed in the three-piece group after cataract surgery. The spherical equivalent did not change markedly in either study. CONCLUSIONS: The one-piece acrylic IOL was stable in the capsular bag, both horizontally and vertically, after cataract surgery, and also after combined surgery.     

四川省贫困白内障复明手术后患者视功能状况调查分析

目的:评价农村地区开展白内障防盲手术对患者视功能(visual function,VF)与生存质量(quality of life,QOL)的影响以及白内障防盲手术方法学和并发症的研究。方法:采用优化的视功能量表及生存质量量表对接受防盲手术0.5a以上的患者进行问卷调查,并进行视力检查及眼部常规检查,对影响手术后视力的因素进行登记。结果:患者接受白内障手术后视功能及生存质量均有显著地改善,大多恢复了生活自理及部分劳动能力,手术前后平均VF得分百分数分别为30.9%,72.2%,手术前后QOL得分百分比分别为35.3%,84.9%,手术前后相比差异具有统计学意义,手术后存在屈光不正及后发性白内障等是患者视功能不良的主要因素。结论:白内障防盲手术在解决农村白内障发挥重要作用,能明显提高患者的视功能与生存质量。在人工晶状体度数的测算、手术后的随访及对后发性白内障的正确处理等方面应引起重视。