老年急性心肌梗死患者近期预后多因素分析

目的 探讨入院即刻影响老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的近期(30 d内)预后相关因素.方法 入选2001年1月至2008年12月因AMI收住的327例老年患者为研究对象.对比分析死亡组(41例)与存活组(286例)患者的既往病史、临床特征、化验指标、心血管并发症(心源性休克、心力衰竭、室速/室颤)的特点,多因素Logistic逐步回归分析影响老年AMI患者近期死亡率的相关因素.结果 单因素分析显示:年龄,糖尿病及脑梗死病史,合并肾功能不全、贫血,首发症状呼吸困难,并发心源性休克、心力衰竭、室速/室颤,入院时血清肌酐升高,内生肌酐清除率、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、血清清蛋白、血红蛋白降低与老年AMI患者30 d病死率相关(均P<0.05).多因素分析显示:年龄、糖尿病史、并发心源性休克、心力衰竭、室速/室颤,入院时eGFR水平为影响老年AMI患者近期死亡率的独立危险因素,比数比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)分别为1.069,1.015～1.126;3.337,1.336～8.340;16.178,4.676～55.970;5.334,2.264～12.564;3.988,1.290～12.325;1.597,1.081～2.360(均P<0.01).结论 年龄、糖尿病史、发生心血管并发症、入院时eGFR水平是影响老年AMI患者近期死亡率的独立危险因素.     

肾小球滤过率对老年急性心肌梗死近期预后的影响

目的探讨入院时估测肾小球滤过率(eGFR)对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)住院患者近期(30d内)预后的影响。方法入选2001年1月至2007年12月因AMI收住的327例老年患者为研究对象。根据入院时eGFR水平ml/(min·1.73m2)分为4组:肾功能正常组(eGFR≥80),轻度肾功能不全组(eGFR60～79),中度肾功能不全组(eGFR30～59)及重度肾功能不全组(eGFR30)。统计分析30d心源性病死和心脏并发症(心源性休克、心力衰竭或室速/室颤)的发生率及影响近期预后的相关因素。结果 4组患者30d病死率分别为3.7%、12.1%、23.6%和28.6%,心脏并发症的发生率分别为15.4%、37.4%、59.7%和64.3%(均P0.01)。单因素分析显示,年龄,糖尿病、脑卒中病史,贫血,首发症状呼吸困难,并发心源性休克、心力衰竭或室速/室颤及入院时eGFR减低是30d病死率的危险因素(均P0.05)。多因素分析显示,入院时eGFR减低、年龄、伴糖尿病者30d病死率均增高,比值比(OR)分别为1.6095%可信区间(CI)1.08～2.36、1.07(95%CI1.02～1.13)和3.34(95%CI1.34～8.34);住院期间发生心源性休克、心力衰竭及室速/室颤者同样也增加30d病死率,OR分别为16.18(95%CI4.68～55.97)、5.33(95%CI2.26～12.56)和3.99(95%CI1.29～12.33)。结论老年AMI患者入院时eGFR降低是急性期预后的独立预测因子。     

慢性完全闭塞病变对接受急诊介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者远期预后的影响

目的:分析慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变对接受急诊介入治疗的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者远期预后的影响。方法:分析自2013年1月至2014年9月间纳入中国急性心肌梗死(CAMI)注册登记研究的接受急诊介入治疗的14176例AMI患者,根据冠状动脉造影的结果,将患者分为AMI合并CTO病变组(n=1235)和AMI不合并CTO病变组(n=12941)。随访2年,比较两组的临床预后,主要研究终点为死亡率,次要研究终点为包括心原性死亡、脑卒中、心力衰竭再入院、再次血运重建等的主要不良心血管事件。结果:合并CTO病变的AMI患者占8.7%(1235/14176)。随访2年,AMI合并CTO病变组的患者全因死亡率(9.9%vs.5.4%)和心原性死亡率(5.0%vs.2.6%)明显高于AMI不合并CTO病变组患者(P均<0.01)。单因素分析显示,CTO病变增加AMI患者死亡(HR=1.44,95%CI:1.02~2.03,P=0.04)和再次血运重建(HR=2.14,95%CI:1.55~2.96,P<0.01)风险。多因素回归分析显示,高龄(HR=1.07,95%CI:1.05~1.09)和就诊时存在心力衰竭(HR=2.05,95%CI:1.36~3.09)与患者2年死亡的不良预后明显相关(P均<0.01),而CTO病变不是2年死亡的独立危险因素(HR=1.33,95%CI:0.93~1.90,P=0.11)。结论:合并CTO病变的AMI患者的远期死亡率和心原性死亡率明显高于不合并CTO病变的患者。高龄和就诊时存在心力衰竭是远期死亡的独立危险因素,而CTO病变并不是远期死亡的独立危险因素。     

空腹血糖——急性心肌梗死患者早期死亡的独立预测因子

目的研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者空腹血糖的预后价值。方法本研究入选257例无糖尿病病史AMI患者。测量患者入院时血糖(AG)和禁食至少8h后的血糖(FG)。随访患者30d,分析AG和FG与患者预后之间的关系。结果共24(9.3%)例无糖尿病病史患者在AMI后30d内死亡。FG正常组死亡2例(1.5%),FG升高者的第一、第二、第三个三分位数组分别死亡4例(9.8%)、5例(12.2%)、13例(31%)。和FG正常组患者相比,校正后的30d死亡的相对危险比(OR)随FG三分位数的增加而增加,第一、第二和第三个三分位数组分别为:2.5(95%CI,0.71～8.5;P=0.011),8.6(95%CI,3.2～23.5;P=0.0005),12.7(95%CI,4.5～36.4;P<0.0003)。同FG和AG都正常的患者相比,AG升高FG正常预测患者30d死亡的OR为0.69(95%CI,0.25～3.80;P=0.59);AG正常FG升高者为3.6(95%CI,2.1～11.5;P=0.04);FG和AG都升高者为10.6(95%CI,4.3～25.6;P<0.0001)。镶嵌模型的比较显示AG并不能增加FG模型预测30d死亡(2=5.2,3df,P=0.20)或预测30d死亡和心力衰竭(2=4.8,3df,P=0.31)的价值。相反,FG却能增加AG模型预测30d死亡(2=24.5,3df,P=0.0001)或预测30d死亡和心力衰竭(2=24.7,3df,P=0.0001)的价值。结论无糖尿病病史AMI患者30d死亡率随AG和FG浓度的增加而增加,FG比AG的预测价值更大。     

急性心肌梗死患者2年随访分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的住院死亡、1年死亡和2年死亡情况,分析与死亡率相关的危险因素。方法入选我院2007—2010年AMI住院患者,通过病例查询统计住院死亡率,通过电话联系和查询医院信息系统进行随访,统计其1年和2年死亡率。并分析与AMI患者住院死亡、1年死亡和2年死亡率相关的危险因素。结果共纳入424例AMI患者,其住院死亡、1年死亡和2年死亡率分别为4.2%、14.4%和17.5%。多元回归分析显示,心力衰竭史、左心室射血分数(LVEF)与AMI患者住院死亡、1年死亡和2年死亡相关[心力衰竭史:OR(95%CI)分别为7.66(2.35²5.00)、5.94(3.3225.00)、5.94(3.32¹5.21)和4.83(1.9415.21)和4.83(1.94¹2.01);LVEF:OR(95%CI)分别为0.93(0.8812.01);LVEF:OR(95%CI)分别为0.93(0.88⁰.98)、0.97(0.230.98)、0.97(0.23⁰.99)和0.96(0.940.99)和0.96(0.94⁰.98)];年龄与AMI患者1年死亡和2年死亡有关,OR(95%CI)分别为1.15(1.100.98)];年龄与AMI患者1年死亡和2年死亡有关,OR(95%CI)分别为1.15(1.10¹.22)和1.14(1.101.22)和1.14(1.10¹.20)。合并疾病中,与AMI患者住院死亡率相关的危险因素包括呼吸衰竭、消化道出血[OR(95%CI)分别为5.11(1.281.20)。合并疾病中,与AMI患者住院死亡率相关的危险因素包括呼吸衰竭、消化道出血[OR(95%CI)分别为5.11(1.28²0.45)、6.83(1.6520.45)、6.83(1.65²8.22)]。与AMI患者1年死亡率相关的危险因素有脑卒中、肺炎、呼吸衰竭、消化道出血和肿瘤[OR(95%CI)分别为4.35(1.3028.22)]。与AMI患者1年死亡率相关的危险因素有脑卒中、肺炎、呼吸衰竭、消化道出血和肿瘤[OR(95%CI)分别为4.35(1.30¹4.53)、6.92(2.6914.53)、6.92(2.69¹7.80)、4.17(1.4517.80)、4.17(1.45¹4.99)、4.74(1.3714.99)、4.74(1.37¹6.41)和6.14(1.5216.41)和6.14(1.52²4.79)]。与AMI患者2年死亡率相关的危险因素有肺炎、呼吸衰竭、消化道出血、肿瘤、肾功能不全[OR(95%CI)分别为4.39(1.7124.79)]。与AMI患者2年死亡率相关的危险因素有肺炎、呼吸衰竭、消化道出血、肿瘤、肾功能不全[OR(95%CI)分别为4.39(1.71¹1.11)、4.22(1.4811.11)、4.22(1.48¹2.06)、4.93(1.3912.06)、4.93(1.39¹7.45)、10.62(2.7217.45)、10.62(2.72⁴1.54)和1.63(1.0341.54)和1.63(1.03².56)]。结论心力衰竭史和年龄可能是AMI患者住院死亡、1年死亡和2年死亡率的独立危险因素。肺炎、呼吸衰竭、消化道出血、肿瘤、肾功能不全等合并症可能会进一步增加AMI患者的死亡风险。     

肾病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后新发需要透析的危险因素△

目的探索肾病患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗后新发需要透析(new requirement for dialysis,NRD)的危险因素。方法入选2010年1月至2015年12月间广东省人民医院2 712例行PCI治疗的肾病患者(肌酐清除率90 mL/min),以患者术后的院内新发NRD为主要终点,利用Logistic回归分析来分析发生新发NRD的危险因素。结果 34(1.25%)例患者发生NRD。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,矫正年龄、性别等因素后,糖尿病(OR=3.9,95%CI:1.4～11.1,P0.05)、严重肾病(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.1～9.9,P0.05,P0.05)、低血压(OR=11.5,95%CI:2.0～17,P0.05)、心力衰竭(OR=4.1,95%CI:1.4～11.5,P0.05)、急性心肌梗死(OR=3.2,95%CI:1.1～9.4,P0.05)是NRD的独立预测因子。结论本研究结果表明低血压、心力衰竭、糖尿病、严重肾病、急性心肌梗死是行PCI治疗的肾病患者术后新发NRD的独立预测因子,为早期风险评估及积极预防提供依据。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者C-反应蛋白升高与远期死亡率和心力衰竭的相关性分析

目的评估C-反应蛋白(CRP)与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者远期预后的相关性。方法收集我院急诊ACS患者的资料并检测其CRP水平。入选患者随访3年,内容包括死亡,因急性心肌梗死(AMI)和充血性心力衰竭(CHF)而再次住院情况。结果共有446名患者入选,CRP升高的患者的死亡率和因CHF的再次住院率均高于CRP正常的患者(P<0.05)。校正心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)水平后,急性期CRP>7.44 mg/L与发病后3年内的死亡率和因CHF再住院的风险增加仍显著相关。结论在胸痛早期就出现CRP升高的ACS患者的晚期死亡率和CHF风险增加。     

血浆促生长激素释放多肽、脑钠肽水平与急性心肌梗死患者心力衰竭的关系研究

背景心力衰竭是导致急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后不良的主要原因,而早期识别心力衰竭高危人群并优化个体化治疗方案是目前临床研究的热点和难点之一。目的探讨血浆促生长激素释放多肽(Ghrelin)、脑钠肽(BNP)水平与AMI患者心力衰竭的关系。方法选取2016年1月-2018年1月济南市人民医院和济南市第四人民医院收治的AMI患者108例,根据随访12个月期间心力衰竭发生情况分为心力衰竭组18例和无心力衰竭组90例。比较两组患者临床特征及血浆Ghrelin、BNP水平;AMI患者心力衰竭的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析;绘制ROC曲线以评价血浆Ghrelin、BNP水平及二者联合对AMI患者心力衰竭的预测价值。结果 (1)本研究中AMI患者心力衰竭发生率为16.67%(18/108)。心力衰竭组患者中行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)者所占比例、血浆Ghrelin水平低于无心力衰竭组,冠状动脉病变支数多于无心力衰竭组,血浆BNP水平高于无心力衰竭组(P<0.05),且两组患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗类型、冠状动脉病变位置比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者男性比例、年龄、吸烟率、糖尿病发生率、高血压发生率、ST段抬高型患者所占比例、全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分、Gensini评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,冠状动脉病变支数[OR=1.397,95%CI(1.204,1.622)]及血浆Ghrelin[OR=1.278,95%CI(1.105,1.477)]、BNP[OR=1.478,95%CI(1.328,1.643)]水平是AMI患者心力衰竭的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。(3) ROC曲线显示,血浆Ghrelin水平预测AMI患者心力衰竭的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.72[95%CI(0.65,0.86)],血浆BNP水平为0.77[95%CI(0.70,0.83)],二者联合为0.89[95%CI(0.74,0.96)]。结论血浆Ghrelin、BNP水平是AMI患者心力衰竭的独立影响因素,且二者联合检测对AMI患者心力衰竭的预测价值较高。     

碱性磷酸酶与白蛋白比值对急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗预后的影响

目的评估碱性磷酸酶(ALP)与白蛋白(ALB)比值(APAR)对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者预后的影响。方法按前瞻队列研究连续入选2015年1月至2016年12月就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院确诊为ACS并择期进行经皮冠状动脉支架植入术(PCI)治疗的患者共2162例。根据入院次日APAR分成两组,收集所有患者临床资料、冠脉病变情况、术后用药以及随访1年记录临床终点事件。通过COX回归分析研究APAR水平对于ACS患者预后的影响。结果根据COX单因素分析,APAR值与ACS全因死亡率[HR(95%CI)2.432(1.475,4.010),P<0.001]和心源性死亡率[HR(95%CI)2.884(1.627,5.111),P<0.001]相关,多因素分析调整变量后,APAR值与ACS全因死亡率[HR(95%CI)1.839(1.059,3.192),P=0.03]及心源性死亡率[HR(95%CI)2.232(1.170,4.258),P=0.01]仍相关。APAR值与ACS患者临床预后的关系比ALP、ALB单独变量更为密切(曲线下面积:0.635、0.592、0.397)。结论APAR水平较高患者长期的全因死亡率及心源性死亡率更高,APAR可以作为预测ACS患者预后的独立危险因素。     

血小板分布宽度对老年急性心肌梗死患者院内心力衰竭的预测价值

目的探讨血小板分布宽度(PDW)对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者住院期间心力衰竭(心衰)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月～2019年12月在我院住院的年龄≥65岁的AMI患者408例,根据Killip心功能分级分为非心衰组(Killip分级Ⅰ级)210例和心衰组(KillipⅡ～Ⅳ级)198例,比较2组临床资料及各项检验检查指标,采用多因素logistic回归分析,采用ROC曲线分析独立危险因素对AMI心衰的预测价值。结果心衰组N末端B型钠尿肽前体、肌酐、PDW、肌钙蛋白I、全球急性冠状动脉事件注册评分、心房颤动、陈旧性心肌梗死比率明显高于非心衰组,体质量指数、LVEF、急诊PCI比率明显低于非心衰组(P0.05,P0.01)。多因素回归分析显示,PDW为心衰的独立危险因素(OR=1.473,95%CI:1.237～1.755,P=0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,PDW预测心衰的ROC曲线下面积为73.2%(95%CI:0.685～0.780,P0.01),敏感性为90.5%,特异性为49.1%。结论 PDW可作为老年AMI后心衰的独立预测因素,有较好的敏感性。     

Comparison of C‐reactive Protein and Albumin Excretion as Prognostic Markers for 10‐Year Mortality After Myocardial Infarction

Background

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is an established prognostic marker in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Recently, albumin excretion rate also has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes in this clinical setting. Our aim was to compare the prognostic power of CRP and albumin excretion rate for long‐term mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Hypothesis

To determine whether albumin excretion rate is a better predictor of long‐term outcome than CRP in post‐AMI patients.

Methods

We prospectively studied 220 unselected patients with definite AMI (median [interquartile] age 67 [60–74] y, female 26%, heart failure 39%). CRP and albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured on day 1, day 3, and day 7 after admission in 24‐hour urine samples. Follow‐up duration was 10 years for all patients.

Results

At survival analysis, both CRP and ACR were associated with increased risk of 10‐year all‐cause mortality, also after adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prehospital time delay, creatine kinase‐MB isoenzyme peak, heart failure, and creatinine clearance. CRP and ACR were associated with nonsudden cardiovascular (non‐SCV) mortality but not with sudden death (SD) or noncardiovascular (non‐CV) death. CRP was not associated with long‐term mortality, while ACR was independently associated with outcome both in short‐ and long‐term analyses. At C‐statistic analysis, CRP did not improve the baseline prediction model for all‐cause mortality, while it did for short‐term non‐SCV mortality. ACR improved all‐cause and non‐SCV mortality prediction, both in the short and long term.

Conclusions

ACR was a better predictor of long‐term mortality after AMI than CRP. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This work was supported by grants from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, for the collection, management, and analysis of the data. The authors have no other funding, finan‐ cial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.     

C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the prediction of late outcome events after acute coronary syndromes

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), secretory phospholipase A(2) group IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-I) predict late outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. CRP (mg L(-1)), IL-6 (pg mL(-1)), sPLA(2)-IIA (ng mL(-1)) and ICAM-1 (ng mL(-1)) were measured at days 1 (n = 757) and 4 (n = 533) after hospital admission for ACS. Their relations to mortality and rehospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure (CHF) were determined. SETTING: Coronary Care Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Patients with ACS alive at day 30; median follow-up 75 months. RESULTS: Survival was related to day 1 levels of all markers. After adjustment for confounders, CRP, IL-6 and ICAM-1, but not sPLA(2)-IIA, independently predicted mortality and rehospitalization for CHF. For CRP, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.3 for mortality (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-1.5, P = 0.003) and 1.4 for CHF (95% CI: 1.1-1.9, P = 0.006). For IL-6, HR was 1.3 for mortality (95% CI: 1.1-1.6, P < 0.001) and 1.4 for CHF (95% CI: 1.1-1.8, P = 0.02). For ICAM-1, HR was 1.2 for mortality (95% CI: 1.0-1.4, P = 0.04) and 1.3 for CHF (95% CI: 1.0-1.7, P = 0.03). No marker predicted MI. Marker levels on day 4 provided no additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ACS, CRP, IL-6, sPLA(2)-IIA and ICAM-1 are associated with long-term mortality and CHF, but not reinfarction. CRP, IL-6 and ICAM-1 provide prognostic information beyond that obtained by clinical variables.     

Predictors of ten-year event-free survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction (from the Adria, Bassano, Conegliano, and Padova Hospitals [ABC] study on myocardial infarction)

The long-term event-free survival (EFS) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is largely uninvestigated. We analyzed noninvasive clinical variables in association with long-term EFS after AMI. The present prospective study included 504 consecutive patients with AMI at 3 hospitals from 1995 to 1998 (Adria, Bassano, Conegliano, and Padova Hospitals [ABC] study). Thirty-seven variables were examined, including demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, in-hospital characteristics, and blood components. The end point was 10-year EFS. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to identify the predictive factors. We compared 3 predictive models according to the goodness of fit and C-statistic analyses. At enrollment, the median age was 67 years (interquartile range 58 to 75), 29% were women, 38% had Killip class >1, and the median left ventricular ejection fraction was 51% (interquartile range 43% to 60%). The 10-year EFS rate was 19%. Both logistic and Cox analyses identified independent predictors, including young age (hazard ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.3, p = 0.0006), no history of angina (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.8, p = 0.009), no previous myocardial infarction (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.7, p = 0.01), high estimated glomerular filtration rate (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 0.9, p = 0.001), low albumin/creatinine excretion ratio (hazard ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.3, p <0.0001), and high left ventricular ejection fraction (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 0.9, p = 0.006). These variables had greater predictive power and improved the predictive power of 2 other models, including Framingham cardiovascular risk factors and the recognized predictors of acute heart damage. In conclusion, 10-year EFS was strongly associated with 4 factors (ABC model) typically neglected in studies of AMI survival, including estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin/creatinine excretion ratio, a history of angina, and previous myocardial infarction. This model had greater predictive power and improved the power of 2 other models using traditional cardiovascular risk factors and indicators of heart damage during AMI.     

Prognosis of late versus early ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction

To determine the prognosis of late ventricular fibrillation (VF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the length of the monitoring period after AMI was extended. All patients in this series were continuously monitored in a coronary care unit to ensure observation of all VF within 18 days of AMI. From 1977 to 1985, 4,269 patients were admitted with AMI and 413 (9.6%) had in-hospital VF. Of these 281 (6.8%) had early VF (less than 48 hours after AMI) and 132 (3.2%) had late VF (greater than or equal to 48 hours after AMI). In-hospital mortality was 50 and 54% for early and late VF, respectively (p = 0.31). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed better survival after discharge for patients with early versus late VF (p = 0.009) but this difference was fully explained by the presence of heart failure. Survival analysis showed the same prognosis after 1, 3 and 5 years for early and late VF, when VF was not associated with heart failure. When VF was associated with heart failure (secondary VF) early VF had a greater mortality than late VF after 2 and 5 years. Logistic regression analysis showed that heart failure (relative risk 1.9 [1.1 to 3.1]) and cardiogenic shock (relative risk 3.9 [1.8 to 8.5]) were significant risk factors for in-hospital death. Late VF compared to early VF had no prognostic implication (relative risk 1.0 [0.6 to 1.6]). For patients discharged from the hospital, risk factors were heart failure (1.8 [1.1 to 2.8]) and previous AMI (1.6 [1.3 to 2.1]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Serial measurements of C-reactive protein after acute myocardial infarction in predicting one-year outcome

Systemic markers of inflammation are considered reliable predictors of future coronary events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of serial C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements in patients with ST-elevation AMI (STEMI) on one-year outcome. In 31 patients with STEMI, serial measurements of CRP were obtained, and for each patient, the following values were determined: (i) values at admission, up to 12 hours after symptom onset, (ii) maximal values obtained 24-72 hours after symptom onset (early acute values), and (iii) late acute values (96-120 hours after symptom onset). The combined endpoint was any new cardiovascular event, including death. Early and late acute CRP levels were the only parameters found to be significantly higher in patients with an adverse outcome than in patients with a good outcome. A significantly higher rate of endpoint events was found in patients with elevated early (Hazard ratio [HR] 5.54, 95%CI 2.05-25.40; P = 0.007) and late acute CRP (HR 9.01, 95% CI 1.66-19.56; P = 0.005). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified only early acute CRP as an independent predictor of an unfavorable outcome (Odds ratio 8.00, 95%CI 1.15-55.60; P = 0.04), after adjustment for established risk factors. CRP level measured 24-72 hours after symptom onset is an independent predictor of one-year outcome in patients with STEMI. Values obtained later in the setting of STEMI do not add further prognostic information. CRP at admission is not related to long-term prognosis.     

心房颤动电复律的相关因素

目的分析影响心房颤动电复律成功的因素。方法根据房颤患者62例电复律是否成功,分为复律成功组和失败组。比较两组在性别、年龄、并发冠心病、高血压病和瓣膜性心脏病、左心房内径、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室射血分数、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平的差异。CRP检测:所有患者于入院后/入组后第2天常规空腹抽血,采用免疫比浊法测定高敏感CRP（hs-CRP）。结果与转复成功组比较,转复失败组年龄大（P<0.05）,左心房内径大（P<0.05）,并发瓣膜性病变比例高（P<0.05）,房颤持续时间长（P<0.05）,hs-CRP水平高（P<0.05）。经多因素分析,hs-CRP水平OR为2.1（95%CI1.4-3.2,P<0.01）、左房直径OR为1.8（95%CI1.2-2.2,P<0.01）和房颤持续时间OR为2.8（95%CI1.6-4.0,P<0.01）。结论hs-CRP、左房直径及房颤持续时间是影响房颤电复律成功的独立预测因素。     

Elevated leukocyte count and adverse hospital events in patients with acute coronary syndromes: findings from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE)

Objective

To examine the association between elevated leukocyte count and hospital mortality and heart failure in patients enrolled in the multinational, observational Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE).

Background

Elevated leukocyte count is associated with adverse hospital outcomes in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The association of this prognostic factor with hospital mortality and heart failure in patients with other acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is unclear.

Methods

We examined the association between admission leukocyte count and hospital mortality and heart failure in 8269 patients presenting with an ACS. This association was examined separately in patients with ST-segment elevation AMI, non-ST-segment elevation AMI, and unstable angina. Leukocyte count was divided into 4 mutually exclusive groups (Q): Q1 <6000, Q2 = 6000-9999, Q3 = 10,000-11,999, Q4 >12,000. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between elevated leukocyte count and hospital events while accounting for the simultaneous effect of several potentially confounding variables.

Results

Increasing leukocyte count was significantly associated with hospital death (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% CI 2.1-3.6 for Q4 compared to Q2 [normal range]) and heart failure (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.2-3.4) for patients presenting with ACS. This association was seen in patients with ST-segment elevation AMI (OR for hospital death 3.2, 95% CI 2.1-4.7; OR for heart failure 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.3), non-ST-segment elevation AMI (OR for hospital death 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.0; OR for heart failure 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.5), or unstable angina (OR for hospital death 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.5; OR for heart failure 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.4).

Conclusion

In men and women of all ages with the spectrum of ACS, initial leukocyte count is an independent predictor of hospital death and the development of heart failure.     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对无左心室功能不全的冠心病患者预后的影响

目的采用meta分析评价长期应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)是否减少无左心室功能不全的冠心病患者主要心血管事件的发生风险。方法检索MEDLINE、EMBASE数据库、IPA数据库、Cochrane图书馆。检索词:angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,coronary artery disease,coronary heart disease randomi(s)zed controlled trials,clinical trials,myocardial infarction。入选试验满足条件:试验为随机对照试验,研究对象为无左心室功能不全的冠心病患者,随访时间不少于2年。在检索到的文章中共有7个试验(HOPE、PART-2、QUIET、EOROPA、PEACE、CAMELOT、IMAGINE)满足条件,总计36 053例患者。采用比值比OR和95%置信区间(CI)作为评价ACEI和安慰剂治疗差异有无统计学意义的指标。应用RevMan5.0软件行统计学分析。结果采用ACEI治疗可明显减少总病死率(OR=0.86,95%CI为0.80～0.94)、心血管病死率(OR=0.82,95%CI为0.74～0.91)、非致死性心肌梗死的发生率(OR=0.85,95%CI为0.76～0.95)及脑卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作的发生率(OR=0.78,95%CI为0.67～0.91),其他事件如心脏停搏后复苏、血管成形术、心力衰竭入院等发生率也减少。结论 ACEI可明显降低无左心室功能不全的冠心病患者的总病死率和心血管事件发生率。     

Evolución de las tasas de hospitalización y mortalidad hospitalaria por enfermedades cardiovasculares agudas en Castilla y León, 2001-2015

Introduction and objectives

To analyze hospitalization and mortality rates due to acute cardiovascular disease (ACVD).

Usefulness of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in predicting long-term risk of death or acute myocardial infarction in patients with unstable or stable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), proposed as a new coronary risk marker, may reflect either an acute phase reaction or the level of chronic inflammation. Thus, CRP may be less predictive of long-term outcomes when measured after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than after unstable angina pectoris (UAP) or stable angina pectoris (SAP). A total of 1,360 patients with severe coronary artery disease (>/=1 stenosis >/=70%) had CRP levels obtained at angiography. Presenting diagnoses were SAP (n = 599), UAP (n = 442), or AMI (n = 319). During follow-up (mean 2.8 years), death or nonfatal AMI (D/AMI) occurred in 19.5%, 16.1%, and 17.2% (p = NS) with SAP, UAP, and AMI, respectively. Corresponding median CRP levels were 1.31, 1.27, and 2.50 mg/dl (p <0.001). For the overall cohort, increasing age, low ejection fraction, revascularization, and elevated CRP were the strongest of 6 independent predictors for D/AMI. Among those presenting with SAP, CRP levels above the first tertile were associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 2.8, p <0.009) for D/AMI. After UAP, the hazard ratio was 2.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 5.0, p <0.002). However, when measured during hospitalization for AMI, CRP was not predictive of long-term outcome (hazard ratio 1.0 [95 % CI 0.5 to 1.7] p = 0.86). In conclusion, predischarge CRP levels are higher after AMI than after UAP or SAP. However, whereas CRP is strongly predictive of long-term D/AMI for patients presenting with SAP or UAP, it is not predictive shortly after AMI, suggesting that measurements should be delayed until the acute phase reaction is over and levels have returned to baseline.