老年女性性激素水平与遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍的关系

目的:探讨老年女性性激素水平与遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍(a MCI)之间的关系。方法:选择60周岁以上的女性a MCI患者36例为a MCI组,同时选择认知功能正常的女性36例为对照组。采用1∶1配对研究的方法,用放射免疫方法测定两组病例血清性激素的水平并进行对比分析。结果:两组病例间的血清促卵泡生成素、促黄体生成素、孕酮、泌乳素和睾酮水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);a MCI组病例的血清雌二醇水平为(15.36±4.21)μg/L,对照组雌二醇水平为(22.31±6.54)μg/L,a MCI组雌二醇水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:雌二醇水平降低可能是老年女性患a MCI的危险因素之一。     

血清性激素测定对女性不孕症的诊断价值

目的探讨女性不孕症患者性激素水平的变化对诊断、治疗的价值。方法将85例不孕症患者分为月经正常组(31例)、月经紊乱组(54例)。应用电化学发光免疫分析法测定6项性激素:促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)、垂体泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(TESTO)、孕酮(P)的水平,并选取同一年龄组健康育龄女性(50例)作为正常对照组。结果月经正常组性激素6项检测结果与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);月经紊乱组与对照组比较,LH、FSH、PRL差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论测定6项性激素,可较准确、较全面地反映体内内分泌情况,对判断女性不孕症的原因、诊断和治疗提供参考。     

绝经后2型糖尿病合并肾病患者性激素水平变化及意义

目的:探讨绝经后2型糖尿病患者性激素水平变化与糖尿病肾病的关系。方法:选择42例绝经后2型糖尿病患者,其中合并肾病者20例,无微血管并发症者22例,另选择20例健康绝经妇女为对照组,测定血中促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平进行比较分析。结果:绝经后2型糖尿病患者较健康绝经妇女E2降低,T升高(P<),绝经后2型糖尿病合并肾病组比无肾病组E2更为降低(P<),T无显著差异,各组FSH、LH无显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:绝经后2型糖尿病患者性激素水平的变化可能是促成糖尿病肾病的因素之一。     

月经失调女性性激素检测的临床意义

目的评定月经失调女性开展性激素检测的临床意义。方法选取东莞市虎门中医院2018年6月-2020年1月诊治的月经失调女性120例为观察组;选取同期参加健康体检的女性120例为对照组;采用电化学发光免疫分析法测定血清孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平,比较两组血清性激素水平异常情况。结果观察组血清P、T、PRL、E_2、LH、FSH各项性激素水平异常升高、降低发生率及总异常率均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论性激素检测可以反映女性的生殖内分泌情况,女性月经失调与性激素水平异常改变有着密切联系,积极开展性激素检测有助于为月经失调的相关内分泌疾病的诊治提供临床依据,亦可作为临床判定女性月经失调病因的重要指标。     

迟发性痤疮与性激素水平的相关性分析

目的探讨女性迟发性痤疮与性激素水平的相关性。方法对30例女性迟发性痤疮患者和30例正常女性进行血清性激素六项的检测。结果女性迟发性痤疮组与正常对照组比较,前者血清睾酮水平和睾酮/雌二醇均较后者高（P〈0.05）,而卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、孕酮、黄体生成素及催乳素与对照组比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论女性痤疮迟发可能与血清雄激素增多有关。     

女性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者绝经后血清性激素水平及其与糖脂代谢的关系

目的探讨女性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者绝经后血清性激素水平及其与糖脂代谢的相关性。方法选择温州医科大学附属黄岩医院2014年6月-2015年6月收治的绝经后Ⅱ型糖尿病患者100例作为糖尿病组,同期健康绝经女性100例作为对照组,糖尿病组根据胰岛素抵抗指数分为胰岛素抵抗组和非胰岛素抵抗组。测定两组患者空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、孕激素、垂体泌乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平。结果糖尿病组患者空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、GHb、T、PRL、LDL-C和TC均高于对照组(P0.05),HDL-C、E2、LH、FSH均低于对照组(P0.05)。胰岛素抵抗组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、GHb高于非胰岛素抵抗组(P0.05),胰岛素抵抗组HDL-C、TG、E2水平低于非胰岛素抵抗组(P0.05)。糖尿病患者中E2水平与空腹胰岛素呈负相关(P0.05),PRL与HDL-C呈正相关(P0.05)。结论女性绝经后Ⅱ型糖尿病患者存在性激素水平和糖脂代谢异常,性激素水平异常和胰岛素抵抗及脂代谢异常有一定关系。     

女性激素知多少

正从呱呱坠地的幼年到朝气蓬勃的青年,从成熟风韵的中年到夕阳无限的老年,性激素的影响贯穿女性的一生,无时无刻不在发挥其作用。性激素可以促进性器官成熟、第二性征发育及维持性功能等。常见的女性性激素包括泌乳素、促卵泡生成激素、促黄体生成激素、雌二醇、睾酮和孕酮等六项。其中雌二醇是我们常说的雌激素,孕酮是孕激素。这里我们主要讲讲最关键的雌激素。     

三种国产化学发光免疫分析仪在性激素检测中的应用价值

目的 对三种国产化学发光免疫分析仪(新产业、迈瑞、安图,随机标定为A、B、C)的配套性激素六项[包括孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、泌乳素(PRL)和睾酮(T)]定量检测试剂盒进行应用评价,评价其性能是否符合要求及目前国产化学发光免疫分析仪在性激素检测中的应用价值.方法 对三种国...     

男性青少年肥胖症患者血清性激素检测的临床分析

随着现代生活水平的提高,肥胖儿童的比例也大大增加,肥胖严重影响青少年的心身健康。为探讨性激素与肥胖症之间的关系,我们检测了32例男性青少年肥胖症患者血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E_2)、泌乳素(PRL)。现报告如下。 1 资料与方法 1.1 资料正常组:正常体重儿童38例,年龄12岁～16岁。肥胖症患者32例,年龄12岁～17岁。均排除垂体肿瘤。     

二甲基甲酰胺对男工性激素水平的影响

选取工龄 >1年的 49名接触二甲基甲酰胺男工为调查对象 ,另选同一地区不接触毒物的食品厂 44名男工为对照。测定血清中雌二醇 (E2 )、黄体生成素 (LH)、卵泡刺激素 (FSH)、垂体泌乳素 (PRL)和睾酮 (T)水平。结果接触组E2 、T、LH、PRL上升 ,FSH下降     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.