冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的冠状动脉造影特点

目的　探讨冠心病合并 2型糖尿病 (T2 DM)患者的冠状动脉造影特点。方法　对 10 7例冠心病合并 T2 DM及6 77例非糖尿病冠心病患者冠状动脉造影资料进行统计分析。结果　冠心病合并 T2 DM患者的冠状动脉造影结果显示 ,多枝病变多于单枝、受累血管数目较多、左主干受累、弥漫性病变病例多见 ,均显著高于非糖尿病冠心病患者(P<0 .0 5 )。闭塞血管数目在糖尿病患者也高于非糖尿病患者 ,但未达到显著统计学差异。结论　冠心病合并T2 DM患者的冠状动脉血管受累明显较非糖尿病冠心病患者严重且病变更为弥漫     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者临床表现与冠状动脉造影结果分析

目的探讨冠心病（CHD）合并2型糖尿病（NIDDM）患者的临床表现和冠状动脉病变特点。方法对80例冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者及与之配对的非糖尿病冠心病患者进行临床表现和血管造影资料对照分析。结果冠心病合并2型糖尿病组与配对组比较,有高血压病史者分别占71.5%和45.3%（P〈0.05）,有高血脂者分别占68.7%和42.2%（P〈0.05）,冠心病合并2型糖尿病组与配对组的3支病变比例分别为35.0%和12.5%（P〈0.05）,病变血管比例分别为68.3%和55.8%（P〈0.05）,弥漫性病变血管比例分别为15.0%和5.8%（P〈0.05）。两组的冠状动脉狭窄程度差异不明显（P〉0.05）。结论冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的高血压、高血脂比例较高,其冠状动脉血管的病变特点有别于无糖尿病的冠心病患者,3支病变比例和弥漫性病变血管比例高,血管受累支数多,在对冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的诊疗过程中要充分考虑其病变特点。     

急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉的病变特点

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病（DM）患者的冠状动脉病变严重程度。方法对193例（合并DM63例，非DM患者130例）急性冠脉综合征患者的冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性分析。结果急性冠脉综合征合并DM患者多支病变比例（49．2％）显著高于非DM组（30．0％）（P〈0．01）；DM组冠脉血管12型病变所占比例（38．1％）高于非DM组（20．8％），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；DM组冠状动脉血管发生弥漫性病变比例（42．9％）高于非DM组（22．3％），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论急性冠脉综合征合并DM患者常出现多支病变、弥漫性病变，早期控制血糖对于预防冠状动脉病变具有重要意义。     

颈动脉血管弹性与冠状动脉狭窄的相关性

目的探讨颈动脉血管弹性与冠状动脉狭窄的相关性。方法对100例入选者行冠状动脉血管造影,同期内(间隔<15天)采用颈动脉E-tracking技术检测颈动脉血管弹性。根据造影结果将冠心病组分为冠状动脉单支病变组、双支病变组(左主干病变包括在内)和多支病变组。比较各组间颈动脉血管弹性变化与冠状动脉狭窄的相关性。结果冠心病组与对照组比较颈动脉血管弹性指标僵硬度参数β、压力应变弹性系数Ep及动脉顺应性AC降低,冠状动脉多支病变组颈动脉血管弹性指标较其他组降低;冠状动脉单支、双支病变组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;单支、双支病变组间弹性比较无统计学意义。冠状动脉发生多支病变时其外周颈动脉血管弹性有明显的降低。结论用E-tracking技术检测到颈动脉血管弹性的指标僵硬度参数β、压力应变弹性系数、动脉顺应性的异常与冠状动脉病变关系密切,可作为预测冠心病危险的有价值指标。     

女性冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠脉造影分析

目的 探讨女性冠心病合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床及冠状动脉造影特点.方法 2006年12月-2007年12月行冠脉造影术(CAG)确诊为冠心病的女性患者180例.按有无DM分为两组,比较两组相关临床因素及造影情况、治疗情况.结果 两组患者在年龄、高血压、冠心病、吸烟方面比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),但DM组绝经患者少于非DM组(P<0.05);比较胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);DM组、多支病变、弥漫性病变均高于非DM组(P<0.05);DM组需经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)百分比高于非DM组(P<0.05);随着空腹血糖水平的升高,三支血管病变和弥漫性病变也增多(P<0.05).结论 DM是发生冠心病的独立危险因素,女性DM患者在绝经期前患冠心病者多于非DM患者,DM患者多支血管病变和弥漫性病变较多,随着空腹血糖水平的升高促使及加重冠状动脉血管病变.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病与非糖尿病患者的冠状动脉造影配对分析

目的　了解 2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的造影特点。方法　对 4 5例有 2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析 ,并与配对的 4 5例无糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变进行比较。结果　两组间病变血管数量差异无显著性 ;两组间“罪犯”病变狭窄程度差异无显著性 ;两组间非闭塞性“罪犯”病变的形态方面差异无显著性 ;两组间“罪犯”血管病变类型比较均差异无显著性。结论　 2型糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者在冠状动脉病变的严重性和范围等方面无明显差异。     

2-型糖尿病对冠状动脉病变影响的分析

目的探讨2-型糖尿病(T2DM)对冠状动脉病变的影响。方法回顾性分析近4年492例选择性冠状动脉造影的住院病例,比较T2DM与非糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的特点,包括病变程度、累及的血管数目。结果与非糖尿病组比较,T2DM组冠状动脉发生病变更多见(P<0.01),左回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)发生病变的比例高于非糖尿病组(均P<0.01),T2DM组3支血管均发生病变的比例显著增高(P<0.01));经协方差分析,T2DM组与非糖尿病组在冠状动脉病变的程度上存在显著差异(F=2.56,P=0.001),在累及血管的数目上亦存在有统计学意义的差异(F=2.109,P=0.011)。结论T2DM患者更容易发生冠状动脉病变,且冠状动脉病变的程度较重、受累及的血管数目较多。     

胸痛对冠状动脉血管病变的预测价值

目的　了解缺血性胸痛与冠状动脉血管病变的关系 ,探讨其对冠脉病变的预测价值。方法　 89例因胸痛行冠状动脉造影患者 ,依据是否为临床典型心绞痛或心肌梗死所表现的特征性胸痛 (缺血性胸痛 ) ,分为 :4 0例典型心绞痛或心肌梗死 (Ⅰ组 )和 4 9例因胸痛临床疑诊为冠心病 (Ⅱ组 ) ,以计算机辅助定量冠脉造影观察二组在对冠状动脉病变。结果　 ( 1)两组在血管直径狭窄程度≥ 5 0 %例数分别为 :39例∶5例 ,P <0 0 1。 ( 2 )两组的单支病变、双支病变例数分别为 :16例∶4例 ;15例∶1例 ,P <0 0 1;Ⅰ组的三支病变例数 :8例 ,Ⅱ组则无 1例 ,P <0 0 5。 ( 3)两组的病变血管数分别为 :70支vs .6支 ,P <0 0 1。 ( 4 )Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的局限性病变、管状病变分别为 :4 1处vs.4处 ;12处vs .2处 ,P <0 0 1。结论　缺血性胸痛仍是诊断冠心病的重要临床依据 ,而且能反映出冠状动脉血管病变狭窄的程度、对病变血管的数量、形态、范围有影响 ,可作为冠状动脉血管病变的预测变量     

新疆维吾尔族与汉族冠状动脉造影对比分析

目的对比分析新疆地区冠心病人群维吾尔族与汉族冠状动脉造影特点的异同.方法复习我院自1991年以来2 200例冠脉造影的临床资料,按维汉不同民族分组,对比两者在病变部位,病变血管支数,病变分型,以及近端冠状动脉直径等方面的异同.结果与汉族人群相比,维吾尔族冠心病患者三支病变率高,C型病变多,完全闭塞性病变发生率高,差异有显著性.结论新疆地区汉族人群近端冠状动脉血管直径小于同地区维吾尔族人群,但维吾尔族冠心病患者的受累血管多,病变程度重.     

糖尿病合并冠心病冠状动脉病变特点观察

目的　探讨糖尿病合并冠心病冠状动脉病变特点。方法　回顾广东省心血管病研究所 1997～ 1999年冠状动脉造影有阳性发现的病例 ,分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组(两组均为 6 1例 ) ,分析两组间冠状动脉病变支数及病变类型的差异及不同糖尿病病程患者的冠状动脉病变支数、病变类型的差异。结果　糖尿病组冠状动脉单支病变发生率低(P <0 0 1) ,2支、3支血管病变发生率高 (P <0 0 5 )。A型病变的比例低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,C型病变比例高 (P <0 0 1)。糖尿病不同病程组间的单支、双支、三支血管病变发生率无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而糖尿病病程长于 5年组的A型病变较短于 5年组比例低 ,C型病变比例高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　合并糖尿病的冠心病冠状动脉病变广泛而严重 ,且随着糖尿病的发展而发展。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者孤立性和弥漫性斑块的临床研究

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉孤立性病变和弥漫性病变的不同临床特征。方法从1900例冠状动脉CT检查中连续选择明确诊断急性冠状动脉综合征的患者95例,根据CT结果将患者冠状动脉病变分为孤立性病变(孤立组,61例)和弥漫性病变(弥漫组,34例),比较2组临床特征、CT积分和预后情况。结果与孤立组比较,弥漫组患者年龄更大,高血压、糖尿病、外周血管病、陈旧性心肌梗死、心功能不全的比例更高(P0.05,P0.01);弥漫组患者冠状动脉狭窄积分、病变节段积分、3支病变积分、左主干病变积分、钙化积分均明显增高(P0.05,P0.01)。随访期间,弥漫组患者心血管事件发生率明显高于孤立组(P0.05)。结论以孤立性病变和弥漫性病变区分急性冠状动脉综合征患者可作为临床判定病情和评估治疗效果的参考。     

Comparison of clinical and laboratory findings between patients with diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm and other types of coronary artery spasm

Our purpose was to compare patients with diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm and other types of coronary artery spasm without significant organic stenosis, and to elucidate clinical characteristics and risk factors. Patients were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 26 patients showing other types of coronary artery spasm; group II consisted of 5 patients with diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm. The mean age of patients in groups I and II was 52 and 50 years, respectively. The incidence of variant angina was higher in men than in women. The incidence of smoking was high in each group, but not significantly different. Exercise tests showed no significant differences between groups. All mean values of laboratory data, including lipoprotein (a) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the two groups, were within normal ranges. There was no significant difference between groups. The incidence of spontaneous spam was much higher in patients with diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm (P < 0.01). Electrocardiographic (ECG) findings before the spasm were almost normal. All 5 patients with diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm demonstrated no important ST segment changes with episodes of angina during a coronary angiography on 12-lead ECG, compared to patients with other types of coronary artery spasm (P < 0.01). First, we conclude, diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm mostly occurs spontaneously. Second, we emphasize that diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm must be considered when 12-lead ECG shows no important ST segment changes with episodes of angina. Third, it is not easy to distinguish diffuse three-vessel coronary artery spasm from other types of coronary artery spasm on the basis of history, laboratory data, or electrocardiographic findings, including exercise tests. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

668例女性冠心病患者临床及冠脉病变特点分析

目的分析女性冠心病的临床及冠脉病变特点。方法回顾性分析668例经冠脉造影确诊的女性冠心病患者的临床及冠脉病变特点,并与男性冠心病患者进行比较。结果女性冠心病患者年龄大,临床出现典型心绞痛症状及心电图缺血表现较男性少,合并糖尿病、高脂血症的发生率较男性高。冠脉双支及三支病变、B型及c型病变的发生率均较男性高。结论女性冠心病患者临床表现不典型,糖尿病、高脂血症的发生率高,冠脉病变程度较男性更严重。     

老年冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者320排螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像特点

目的:探讨老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变特点。方法:选择2009年7月至2013年10月,冠状动脉CT确诊为冠心病的老年(≥60岁)患者293例,其中合并2型糖尿病128例,未合并糖尿病165例,比较两组冠状动脉病变的特点及相关临床因素结果:两组间年龄、体质量质数(BMI)、吸烟、饮酒、平均病程、冠心病家族史、脑血管病及TG等,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组高血压患病率、TC及LDL-C差异有统计学意义。糖尿病组的冠状动脉CT主要表现为多支血管病变、弥散血管病变和左主干病变,分别占41%、24%和14%,显著多于非糖尿病组的24%、7%和8%(P0.05)。糖尿病组的混合斑块及钙化斑块分别占66%和70%,显著多于非糖尿病组的18%和44%(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、性别、吸烟、冠心病家族史、TG及LDL-C是老年冠心病患者发生冠状动脉弥散性病变的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者混合斑块发生率较高,多支病变及弥散病变较多见。     

非典型性冠状动脉痉挛患者的临床特点及近期预后

目的总结非典型性冠状动脉痉挛患者的临床特点。方法选择临床具有静息性胸痛或胸闷,且冠状动脉造影无显著狭窄的64例患者进行乙酰胆碱冠状动脉痉挛激发试验,将乙酰胆碱试验阳性即冠状动脉痉挛患者根据胸痛或胸闷发作时心电图上是否有ST段抬高分为典型变异型心绞痛组（典型组）和非典型变异型心绞痛性冠状动脉痉挛组（非典型组）,比较两组的临床症状特点（危险因素、心电图和核素心肌灌注显像负荷试验结果以及冠状动脉造影和乙酰胆碱试验的影像学）。结果共有46例（72％,46／64）患者诱发冠状动脉痉挛,其中典型组和非典型组分别为12及34例。典型组的平均年龄偏低（P〈0．05）,血脂代谢紊乱在非典型组更常见,运动心电图试验两组多为阴性,核素灌注心肌显像负荷试验两组均表现有反向再分布,冠状动脉造影典型组多为轻度局限性狭窄或节段性内膜不光滑,肌桥发生率更高,乙酰胆碱试验多诱发节段性痉挛。而非典型组为弥漫性血管细小、内膜不光滑、僵硬,血管迂曲伴远端血流缓慢,乙酰胆碱试验多诱发弥漫性血管痉挛,并可见多支血管同时痉挛。结论非典型性冠状动脉痉挛较典型变异型心绞痛更常见,且具有一定的特征性,应引起临床医生高度重视。     

Basic structure-function relations of the epicardial coronary vascular tree. Basis of quantitative coronary arteriography for diffuse coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND. Quantitative coronary arteriography has been validated for stenotic segments of coronary arteries. However, it does not currently account for diffuse coronary artery disease, because the normal size of the coronary artery for its distal myocardial bed size is not known and cannot be measured directly with diffuse involvement of the artery. METHODS AND RESULTS. From clinical coronary arteriograms of 12 patients without coronary artery disease (group 1) and in 17 patients with coronary artery disease (group 2), we determined by quantitative coronary arteriography 1) the relations among measured coronary artery cross-sectional lumen area, summed distal branch lengths, and regional myocardial mass distal to each point in each coronary artery; 2) the ratio of coronary artery lumen area between parent and daughter vessels at 50 bifurcations; and 3) which of three different theoretical physical principles could underlie the tree structure of the human coronary artery system, by comparing the coronary artery size, branch lengths, regional mass, and relations between parent-to-daughter lumen area ratios with those for the different theoretical physical principles to test which principle best fit the observed data and therefore which principle most probably characterizes the human coronary artery tree structure. The results showed that 1) there is a close correlation between the lumen area of a coronary artery at each point along its length and the corresponding summed distal branch lengths and regional myocardial mass in patients without and with coronary artery disease; 2) measured coronary artery lumen area in patients with coronary artery disease is diffusely 30-50% too small for distal myocardial bed size compared with normal subjects; and 3) the observed relations among coronary artery size, distal summed lengths, myocardial bed size, and parent-to-daughter size ratios are not consistent with the theoretical principle of constant mean blood flow velocity in the coronary circulation but are consistent with the principles of minimum viscous energy loss and of limited/adaptive vascular wall shear stress characterized by a 2/3 power law relating coronary artery lumen area to distal summed branch lengths and regional mass or parent-to-daughter branching ratios. CONCLUSIONS. These observations provide a basis for quantifying diffuse coronary artery disease on clinical arteriograms.     

女性冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变特点

目的:探讨冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变特点及其相关危险因素,以及糖尿病对冠状动脉病变的作用机制。方法:2000年7月至2003年12月行冠状动脉造影术(CAG)确诊为冠心病的女性患者162例,年龄45～81岁,平均(60.63±8.41)岁。按有无糖尿病(DM)分为DM组41例,非DM组121例,2组之间比较其相关临床因素及造影情况、治疗情况,进行卡方检验或t检验,分析其差异有无显著性。结果:1.DM组与非DM组比较,胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、体重指数(BMI)均差异有显著性,除HDL外,余指标均为DM组高。DM组高血压、心肌梗死、冠心病发生率高于非DM组(P<0.05);2.DM组病变血管支/人、多支病变、弥散病变、血管中重度狭窄病变数及百分比均高于非DM组(P<0.05);3.DM组需经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)人数及百分比也高于非DM组(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病是发生冠心病的独立危险因素,并常与高血压、脂代谢紊乱/或肥胖等因素同时存在。女性冠心病伴发糖尿病者,其冠状动脉病变程度加重,多支病变、弥散病变多、心肌梗死等危险心脏事件发生率高。     

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the coronary and renal arteries?

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involving the coronary arteries has been described pathologically as a cause of myocardial infarction but has not been described antemortem. Unlike renal artery FMD, its clinical manifestations remain poorly characterized. We describe demographic, clinical, and coronary angiographic characteristics of seven women with acute coronary syndromes and unusual coronary anatomy who also had renal artery FMD. All subjects were female caucasians, age 42-56, who presented with prolonged chest pain and positive troponin tests. Two were smokers, two had hypertension, and one had hypercholesterolemia. None was diabetic. There were distinctive angiographic features common to all seven patients. The left anterior descending artery was involved in six, the right posterior descending artery in one. In each case, the proximal vessel appeared normal but in the middle or distal segment there was a well-demarcated abrupt transition to diffuse obliterative disease. In six of the cases, this continued distally for the remainder of the epicardial vessel. In no case was revascularization feasible. Unlike severe diffuse atherosclerotic disease, all other coronary segments were angiographically normal. Ventricular dysfunction, if present, was mild. All seven patients had typical angiographic features of renal FMD, three bilaterally. We have observed a characteristic pattern of well-demarcated obliterative coronary artery disease associated with FMD of the renal arteries. All cases presented as acute coronary syndromes in patients at relatively low risk of coronary artery disease. We propose that these appearances in the epicardial arteries, previously undescribed ante-mortem represent coronary artery fibromuscular dysplasia.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉造影的临床分析

目的：探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉造影的特点。方法：选择120例冠心病患者进行冠状动脉造影，其中合并糖尿病组60例，无糖尿病组60例，根据临床特点及冠造结果进行对比。结果：糖尿病合并冠心病患者甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平明显升高（P〈0．05），高密度脂蛋白水平明显下降（P〈0．05）。冠脉造影主要表现多支血管病变及弥漫性病变的发生率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），而单支血管病变发生率明显低于无糖尿病组（P〈0．05），两组病变血管的分布情况无差异（P〉0．05）。结论：冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠脉造影主要表现为冠状血管病变广泛、严重。