右归饮,四君子汤,桃红四物汤调节肾虚,脾虚,血瘀证患？…

目的：探讨右归饮、四君子汤、桃红四物汤对肾虚、脾虚、血瘀证患者免疫调节的不同作用。方法：用用右归饮、四君子汤、桃红四物汤分别治疗肾虚、脾虚、血瘀证患者各４０例,另分别设备证型２０例子安慰剂作对照,观察治疗前后免疫功能情况。结果：四君子汤使脾虚患者,右归饮使肾虚患者的循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）水平下降,淋巴细胞转化主（淋转率）和自然杀伤（ＮＫ）细胞活性提高,四君子汤还使脾虚２的ＩＬ－２水平和嗜中性细胞     

补肾健脾活血法对绝经后妇女性激素及免疫功能作用的观察

为探讨补肾、健脾活血法对绝经后妇女性激素及免疫功能的不同作用,将右归饮,四君子汤,桃红四物汤分别治疗肾虚,脾虚,血瘀证型的绝经后妇女各15例,观察治疗前后性激素及免疫功能情况。结果：右归饮对肾虚证绝经后妇女的雌二醇和睾酮有明显调节作用（P＜0．01）,使IL－2水平提高（P＜0．01）,四君子汤使脾虚证绝经后妇女的IL－2水平显著提高（P＜0．001）,淋巴细胞转化率及中性细胞吞噬率提高（P＜0．05）,而对性激素作用不明显,桃红四物汤对IL－2水平和淋巴细胞转化率有提高作用（P＜0．05）,对性激素和中性细胞吞噬功能的影响不大。由此可见,健脾法对脾虚证绝经后妇女的免疫功能具明显而全面的提高作用。补肾法对肾虚证绝经后妇女的性激素具明显的调节作用,活血法则对血瘀证经后妇女的免疫功能有一定的增强作用。     

补肾、健脾、活血类中药复方对老龄小鼠免疫功能作用的对比研究

本研究以老龄小鼠为实验对象，对补肾的右归饮，健脾的四君子汤，活血的桃红四物汤对免疫功能的影响作对比研究。结果表明：老年对照组Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞转化，ＯＫＴ３细胞均明显低于成年对照组。     

补肾、健脾、活血类中药复方对老龄小鼠免疫功能作用的对比研究

本研究以老龄（１８月龄）小鼠为实验对象，对补肾的右归饮、健脾的四君子汤、活血的桃红四物汤对免疫功能的影响作对比研究。结果表明：老年对照组Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞转化（淋转）、ＯＫＴ＿３细胞均明显低于成年（３月龄小鼠）对照组。经喂中药４周后，活血化瘀组、健脾益气组Ｔ、Ｂ淋转明显高于老年对照组；补肾益精组Ｔ、Ｂ淋转没有明显变化，ＯＫＴ３细胞明显低于老年对照组。这一结果提示：补肾益精方对衰老或肾虚状态下的免疫机能似乎与活血化瘀方、健脾益气方有不同的作用。     

HIV感染者脏腑虚损与NK、NKT细胞功能研究

目的：通过对人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者脾虚与肾虚患者自然杀伤(NK)细胞、自然杀伤T(NKT)细胞功能的研究,分析不同脏腑虚损状态下NK细胞、NKT细胞功能的差异。方法：选取HIV感染者92例,根据中医证候量表分为脾虚组和肾虚组,对两组NK细胞、NKT细胞功能进行检测。结果：肾虚组患者干扰素-γ(INF-γ)表达降低,但两组间CD₃^-CD₅₆⁺、CD₃⁺CD₅₆⁺、CD_107a、CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞表达均无差异。结论：脾虚与肾虚患者NK细胞数量及功能、NKT细胞数量均无差异,而肾虚患者NKT细胞功能较脾虚组降低。     

张翥辨治慢性移植肾损伤经验

张翥教授认为,慢性移植肾损伤多为虚实夹杂之证,以肾虚为本,瘀血、浊毒为标,而瘀毒阻络贯穿病变的始终。本病的病位在肾,旁及肝、脾、肺。张翥教授治疗慢性移植肾损伤,从"肾藏精、泄浊"的理论出发,着眼于肾气亏虚、瘀毒阻络的复杂病机特点,以益肾活血解毒为切入点,辨病与辨证相结合,脾肾阳虚证方用防己黄芪汤合金匮肾气丸加减;肝肾阴虚证方用杞菊地黄丸加减;脾虚湿阻证方用防己黄芪汤合苓桂术甘汤加减;脾虚血瘀证方用四君子汤合桃红四物汤加减;浊毒侵淫证方用麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五味消毒饮加减;瘀水互结证方用桃红四物汤合五苓散加减。张翥教授在辨证论治的基础上使用新型中药免疫抑制剂,如百令胶囊、雷公藤多苷片等,取效满意。     

大鼠肾虚模型的唾液免疫学研究

从免疫学角度研究大鼠肾虚模型唾液指标的变化，探讨涎唾与肾的免疫相关性，并拟通过免疫指标的检测，寻找疾病微观辨证的量化指标和检测方法，以丰富中医藏象理论。采用大鼠肾虚模型，观察大鼠唾液腺白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和唾液溶菌酶的含量变化，并与空白对照组、肾虚模型 右归饮治疗组相对照，实验发现，大鼠肾虚证的IL-6、唾液溶菌酶增高，SIgA降低，说明大鼠肾虚证存在着免疫功能紊乱的现象，初步表明大鼠肾虚与唾液免疫有一定的关系；大鼠肾虚模型经过右归饮治疗后，紊乱的免疫功能恢复正常，萎缩及破坏的唾液腺有所恢复，说明右归饮具有调节唾液免疫功能的作用。结果显示：大鼠肾虚模型唾液腺白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)、唾液溶菌酶值发生了各自不同的变化，提示大鼠肾虚证与唾液免疫具有一定的关系。     

大鼠肾虚模型的唾液免疫学研究

从免疫学角度研究大鼠肾虚模型唾液指标的变化,探讨涎唾与肾的免疫相关性,并拟通过免疫指标的检测,寻找疾病微观辨证的量化指标和检测方法,以丰富中医藏象理论.采用大鼠肾虚模型,观察大鼠唾液腺白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和唾液溶菌酶的含量变化,并与空白对照组、肾虚模型 右归饮治疗组相对照,实验发现,大鼠肾虚证的IL-6、唾液溶菌酶增高,SIgA降低,说明大鼠肾虚证存在着免疫功能紊乱的现象,初步表明大鼠肾虚与唾液免疫有一定的关系;大鼠肾虚模型经过右归饮治疗后,紊乱的免疫功能恢复正常,萎缩及破坏的唾液腺有所恢复,说明右归饮具有调节唾液免疫功能的作用.结果显示:大鼠肾虚模型唾液腺白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)、唾液溶菌酶值发生了各自不同的变化,提示大鼠肾虚证与唾液免疫具有一定的关系.     

四君子汤对脾气虚证调节作用的实验研究

目的:观察四君子汤对脾虚证动物抗应激能力、免疫功能等的调节作用.方法:选用小鼠大黄脾虚证模型,观察四君子汤对其抗疲劳、耐低温能力、肠胀气及免疫功能等指标的影响.结果:四君子汤(6.33、12.65及25.30g/kg剂量)灌胃给药,对脾虚证动物应激能力有明显提高;能改善脾虚证动物免疫功能低下状态,提高其免疫功能.结论:四君子汤对脾气虚证有良性调整作用.     

多囊卵巢综合征中医证型分布规律及血清性激素、糖代谢特点的研究

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中医证型分布规律及血清性激素、糖代谢特点。方法:回顾性分析321例PCOS患者的血清性激素及糖代谢水平,包括促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T),硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)、雄烯二酮(AND)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG),游离雄激素指数(FAI),空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素水平(FINS),稳态模式胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:321例PCOS患者辨证分为脾虚痰湿证、肾虚肝郁证、肾虚血瘀证和痰瘀互结证,其构成比分别为33.33%、28.04%、12.46%、26.17%。PCOS患者肾虚肝郁证、肾虚血瘀证LH显著高于脾虚痰湿证、痰瘀互结证(P0.05);肾虚肝郁证LH/FSH高于脾虚痰湿证、痰瘀互证组(P0.05);脾虚痰湿证、痰瘀互结证T、FAI高于肾虚肝郁证(P0.05);脾虚痰湿证、痰瘀互结证SHBG低于肾虚肝郁证、肾虚血瘀证(P0.05);PCOS患者脾虚痰湿证、痰瘀互结证FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR显著高于肾虚肝郁证、肾虚血瘀证(P0.05)。结论:不同证型PCOS患者表现出血清性激素及糖代谢特点的差异,脾虚痰湿证、痰瘀互结证以糖代谢异常为特点,肾虚肝郁证、肾虚血瘀证以LH水平升高为特点。     

丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量测定

[目的]对不同产地的丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量进行测定,为高品质丹参药材的筛选提供某种依据,并为中药材质量标准的建立提供一定的参考价值.[方法]样品经湿法消解后,用原子吸收分光光度法进行检测.[结果]超标率为:铅6.25%;镉100%;砷0;汞0;铜31.25%.[结论]不同产地的丹参药材中砷、汞含量较低,铅和铜的含量个别超标,镉含量严重超标.     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

反相高效液相色谱同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的含量

目的 :建立同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的 HPL C方法。方法 :用 VP-ODS150 mm× 4.6mm,5μm色谱柱 ,柱温 50℃ ,以甲醇 -水 -三乙胺 (55∶ 45∶ 0 .2 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 15nm,流速 0 .8ml/ min。结果 :在所确立的色谱条件下 4种生物碱得到很好地分离 ,标准曲线显示在 0 .1～ 0 .7μg范围内具有良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为98.5%～ 10 1.0 %。结论 :该方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于生药及制剂中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的同时测定     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定热毒宁注射液中有害元素铅砷镉汞铜的含量

目的: 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 测定热毒宁注射液中铅(Pb),砷(As),镉(Cd),汞(Hg),铜(Cu)5 种元素同时的方法。 方法: 样品经微波消解后,以ICP-MS同时测定上述5种元素,其中Cu,As以铬(Ge)作为内标, Cd以铟(In)作为内标,Hg,Pb以铋(Bi)作为内标进行定量以改善基体效应和干扰。 结果: 各元素的检出限在0.009~0.113 μg ·L^-1; 各元素的线性关系良好,Pb,As,Cd,Cu,Hg线性范围分别为0~20,0~20,0~10,0~200,0~5 μg ·L^-1。r均≥ 0.999;精密度RSD<1.9%;重复性良好,回收率在97.8%~110.9%,RSD<4.3%。20批样品中5种元素的含量均符合规定。 结论: 该方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,各项分析性能指标均达到要求,适用于热毒宁注射液中Pb,As,Cd,Hg,Cu元素的测定。     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants of Parinche valley,Pune district,Maharashtra, India

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Maharashtra is the third largest state in India with a large tribal population. Documentation of traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for conservation and utilization of indigenous knowledge. Diarrhoeal diseases are the second largest cause of morbidity in rural India. Medicinal plants given by the traditional healers of Parinche in Pune district, Maharashtra are known to be efficacious for many common ailments, including diarrhoeal diseases.

Aim of the study

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants from Parinche valley towards the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge.

Materials and methods

Interviews and inquiries were conducted amongst traditional healers, indigenous communities and village elders.

Results

One hundred and eighty two plants used by tribes and natives for different ailments were documented of which 28 flowering plants were for diarrhoea. Leaf was the most preferred plant part. Amongst the 28 plants, antidiarrhoeal activity of five plants viz., Caesalpinia sepiaria, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Launaea pinnatifida, Syzygium rubicundum and Ziziphus jujuba has not been reported previously. Two species viz., Ziziphus xylopyra and Syzygium rubicundum are endemic to India.

Conclusion

Parinche valley is an ethnobotanically rich area with abundant availability and knowledge of medicinal plants that can serve as a model for low cost health care.     

从热毒湿瘀虚辨治小儿IgA肾病

IgA肾病病理机制复杂,热邪为IgA肾病诱发和加重的始动因素,湿毒内蕴是IgA肾病关键病机,瘀血为IgA肾病病理基础,气阴两虚为IgA肾病的根本病机。设立总治则为祛邪扶正,常用治疗方法有清热解毒、清热利湿、活血化瘀、益气养阴。     

血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP-43和NF-H表达的影响

目的:观察血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP43和NF-H表达的影响,探讨其促进周围神经再生的可能机制.方法:SD大鼠随机分为血竭给药组(灌服血竭的香油溶液)和空白对照组(等体积香油),制备血竭含药血清和空白对照血清.选取出生3 dSD大鼠双侧坐骨神经制备雪旺氏细胞;将培养的雪旺氏细胞分为血竭组和空白对照组,分别用10％血竭含药血清和空白对照血清干预培养.48 h后应用RT-PCR法检测各组雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF等基因mRNA表达水平.结果:镜下观察到大部分雪旺氏细胞呈双极梭形,细胞呈肩对肩或端对端排列,免疫细胞化学鉴定均呈阳性;与空白组比较,血竭组NGF,LNGFR,GDNF和GAP43 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01),BDNF mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05),CNTF和TrkA的mRNA均下调(P＜0.01),NF-H mRNA无显著差异.结论:中药血竭可能是通过上调NGF,LNGFR,GDNF,GAP-43的mRNA的表达,同时下调BDNF,CNTF,TrkA mRNA来发挥其促进神经修复作用.