MRI在膝关节半月板及关节软骨损伤中的应用价值研究

目的 探讨分析MRI在膝关节半月板及关节软骨损伤中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年12月于本院收治的51例无明显诱因下出现膝关节疼痛患者，均于本院行膝关节MRI及关节镜检查。根据膝关节半月板及关节软骨损伤分级标准，分析MRI诊断在膝关节半月板及关节软骨损伤中的准确性、灵敏性及特异性。结果 以关节镜检查结果为“金标准”，MRI诊断半月板撕裂损伤的准确性为88.24%(91/102，个)、灵敏性为90.00%(45/50，个)、特异性为88.46%(46/52，个)、阳性预测率为88.24%(45/51，例)、阴性预测率为90.20%(46/51，个)。MRI诊断关节软骨损伤中的准确性为89.54%(274/306，处)、灵敏性为92.92%(197/212，处)、特异性为81.91%(77/94，处)。结论MRI具有安全无创、多方位、多参数、无电离辐射及无骨伪影干扰等优势，且在膝关节半月板及关节软骨损伤中具有较高的诊断效能，可以作为评估患者半月板及关节软骨损伤程度的影像学检查。     

15例膝关节病变的MRI诊断

目的：探讨膝关节病变的MRI诊断及其临床应用价值。方法：对15例利用MRI诊断膝关节病变患者进行回顾性分析。结果：7例出现半月板异常信号，其中2例半月板水平状撕裂并囊肿；关节腔积液8例，有1例积血；韧带损伤1例；滑膜病变2例；神经鞘瘤囊变1例；骨髓水肿4例。结论：膝关节病变的MRI对显示膝关节软骨、韧带、关节囊等软组织有明显优越性，可作为膝关节病变术前诊断的首选方法。     

关节镜对膝关节训练伤的诊断与治疗

[目的]探讨关节镜对急慢性膝关节损伤的诊断与治疗效果.[方法]对132例急慢性膝关节损伤患者通过关节镜诊断并治疗,分析急慢性膝关节损伤的临床诊断误诊率和治疗效果的差异程度.[结果]急性损伤(受伤3周以内)83例,临床诊断误诊率:ACL 10.8%,PCL 6.0%,半月板损伤15.7%,二联征3.6%,三联征2.4%.慢性损伤49例,临床诊断误诊率:ACL 41%,PCL 2.0%,半月板损伤8.2%,二联征2.0%,三联征2.0%.急性膝关节损伤合并关节软骨损伤7例,损伤软骨面积均在2 cm2以内,程度为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度,占8.4%,慢性损伤合并软骨退变损伤31例,损伤软骨面积从1 cm2到全髁软骨剥脱不等,Ⅰ～Ⅲ度,占63.3%.[结论]急性膝关节损伤应早期行关节镜的检查和治疗,提高诊断正确率,若诊治不及时,演变为慢性关节损伤.对关节不稳定的患者应尽早手术使关节稳定,以减少继发性软骨损伤.     

MRI对半月板及软骨损伤的临床诊断研究

目的研究分析并评价MRI、CT在膝关节半月板及关节软骨损伤的临床诊断作用价值。方法选取2016年1月至2016年12月本院收治的外伤所致膝关节半月板及关节软骨损伤患者94例,临床医师对所有患者分别行膝关节镜、MRI、CT扫描检查。结果经膝关节镜确诊为半月板损伤共94个,诊断准确率均为100%;MRI检查后Ⅱ、Ⅲ级诊断准确率均高于CT检查诊断准确率(P0.05);MRI、CT检查膝关节半月板后的诊断准确率均低于膝关节镜检查(P0.05)。经膝关节镜确诊为关节软骨损伤共92个,诊断准确率均为100%;MRI检查后Ⅱ~Ⅳ期诊断准确率均显著高于CT检查诊断准确率(P0.05);MRI、CT检查膝关节关节软骨损伤后的诊断准确率均低于膝关节镜检查(P0.05)。结论 MRI检查对Ⅱ、Ⅲ级半月板和Ⅱ~Ⅳ期关节软骨的诊断准确率均高于CT检查,但上述两种影像检查方法对半月板、关节软骨的诊断准确率均低于膝关节镜,由于MRI及CT检查较关节镜检查方便,适合临床医师根据具体情况选择应用。     

膝关节骨关节炎内侧半月板突出的临床意义

目的 探讨膝关节骨关节炎患者内侧半月板突出的病因及影响.方法 选取2011年1月至2012年3月诊断为膝关节退行性骨关节炎并经MRI确认有内侧半月板突出的60例患者为半月板突出组,无突出的60例为对照组.在MRI上测量内侧半月板突出距离、胫股角,分析突出组胫股角与突出距离的相关性,比较两组膝内翻、内侧半月板及胫股关节软骨损伤的发生率,分析内侧半月板突出对半月板损伤、膝内翻对半月板突出的影响.结果 突出组:半月板突出距离平均(8.30±1.79) mm;60例有膝内翻,胫股角平均179.0°±2.2°;内侧半月板损伤发生率:前角50.0％ (30/60),体部93.3％ (56/60),后角93.3％ (56/60);内侧半月板后角根部撕裂14例,发生率23.3％(14/60);胫股内侧关节软骨退变发生率:胫骨内侧平台100％(60/60),股骨内髁100％(60/60);胫股角与内侧半月板突出距离呈负相关.对照组:内侧半月板超出胫骨内侧平台边缘的距离平均(0.57±0.80) mm;4例膝内翻;内侧半月板损伤发生率:前角0,体部16.7％(10/60),后角70.0％ (42/60);无内侧半月板后角根部撕裂;胫股内侧关节软骨退变发生率:胫骨内侧平台26.7％(16/60),股骨内髁30.0％ (18/60).半月板突出组与对照组半月板损伤比值比为6.0、膝内翻例数比值比为15.0.半月板突出组内侧半月板各部位及胫股内侧关节软骨损伤的发生率和严重程度高于对照组.结论 膝内翻可能是内侧半月板突出的原因之一,内侧半月板突出显著增加半月板损伤的发生率,其对膝胫股内侧关节骨关节炎的发生、发展有重要影响.     

关节表面骨组织轻度损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨关节表面骨组织微损伤MRI表现.方法 26例轻度关节创伤病例的MRI资料,肩关节5例,膝关节13例,踝关节8例.采用常规的FSE序列,矢状位及横断面成像.结果 26例中,10例MRI表现为单纯的软骨出现形态或内部信号异常,包括软骨表面锯齿状凹陷、波浪状缺损、压缩变扁.内部信号异常表现为低信号的软骨中出现较高的点或条状信号;6例表现为软骨下松质骨内出现异常信号灶;10例表现为骨和软骨损伤,软骨下骨损伤表现为骨皮质骨凹陷或皮质下骨松质条状或片状骨小梁撕裂和水肿.结论 关节表面骨组织微损伤包括单纯软骨损伤、软骨下骨损伤及骨软骨同时损伤,单纯软骨损伤可分软骨表面正常但信号异常、软骨表面不同程度缺损、全软骨压缩或缺损3种改变,软骨下骨损伤分为皮质骨凹陷和皮质下松质骨骨小梁撕裂2种改变.     

膝关节损伤的MRI诊断及其临床价值

目的：探讨MRI对膝关节损伤的诊断及临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析266例膝关节损伤的MRI资料，男182例，女84例，年龄16～56岁，平均38岁。其中车祸损伤144例，运动损伤68例，其他54例。损伤类型，骨折31例，骨挫伤106例，软骨骨折11例，半月板损伤224例，韧带损伤198例，关节积液212例。结果：31例骨折表现为线状长T1长T2信号影；106例骨挫伤表现为斑片状等或长T1WI、等或长，T2WI信号，STIR序列呈高信号，边界不清；11例软骨骨折表现为软骨信号连续中断或凹陷，出现异常信号；224例半月板损伤表现为半月板低信号影内出现不同形状高信号灶；198例韧带损伤表现为韧带增厚、扭曲，韧带移行区有长T2信号和(或)短T1信号；212例关节积液表现为长T1长T2信号，血肿可见短T1高信号。结论：MRI对膝关节损伤的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

局麻关节镜下Fast-fix缝合半月板损伤的临床疗效

目的:探讨局麻关节镜下Fast-fix缝合半月板损伤的临床疗效.方法:选取2005年10月至2012年9月收治的半月板损伤患者106例,其中男74例,女32例;年龄13～71岁,平均27.6岁;病程15 d～5年.临床主要表现为膝关节活动后疼痛、肿胀、绞锁,关节间隙压痛,McMurray征阳性,MRI示半月板撕裂或退变.均采用局麻关节镜下Fast-fix半月板缝合术,术前术后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及膝关节Lysholm评分进行疗效评价.术后随访1年以上.结果:术后随访102例,失访4例,随访时间1.1～8年,平均2.6年.随访采用门诊检查主观症状、临床查体及问卷方式进行.102例均无麻醉并发症,96例主观症状及临床查体正常,4例有活动后轻度胀痛,2例活动后中度疼痛伴关节间隙压痛.术后患者VAS及Lysholm评分均较术前改善.结论:关节镜下Fast-fix半月板缝合术是修复半月板损伤的理想方法,尤其是内侧半月板后角撕裂,手术操作方便,并发症少,术后效果满意.     

关节镜下半月板水平撕裂的保全治疗

2008年2月～2009年4月,笔者对11例膝关节半月板水平撕裂患者经关节镜行半月板撕裂部分切除保全术,效果满意. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料本组11例,男9例,女2例,年龄36～62(47±14)岁.左膝1例,右膝10例.均经MRI确诊为关节积液并半月板水平撕裂损伤.膝关节半月板水平撕裂的MRI分级标准[1]:Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级8例.内侧半月板损伤8例,外侧半月板损伤3例,均为后角损伤,其中隐性水平撕裂4例.1例合并前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂,2例骨性关节炎.     

低场MRI分级诊断膝关节软骨损伤

目的评价低场MRI分级对诊断膝关节软骨损伤的价值。方法回顾性分析60例(60膝,360处关节面)经关节镜证实的膝关节软骨损伤患者的MRI资料,以关节镜结果为金标准,评价低场MRI分级诊断软骨损伤的价值。结果低场MRI对膝关节软骨损伤的总敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为78.50%(157/200)、91.25%(146/160)和84.17%(303/360);诊断2~4级膝关节软骨损伤与关节镜无差异,对1级诊断有所差异。结论低场MRI对分级诊断膝关节2~4级软骨损伤的价值较高,而对1级损伤价值有限。     

关节镜下评价MRI在观察股骨远端骨挫伤对关节软骨影响中的作用

[目的]通过关节镜检查探讨MRI在观察股骨远端骨挫伤区域对关节软骨影响中的作用。[方法]采用关节镜下直视对2007年1月～2009年1月共收治经MRI影像检查显示股骨远端骨挫伤29例,其中12例合并内、外侧半月板损伤,14例伴前交叉韧带断裂,3例前交叉韧带合并内侧副韧带损伤,在行手术治疗同时观察关节软骨损伤情况。[结果]关节镜下见到股骨远端关节软骨损伤与MRI所显示基本吻合,其MRI信号改变的范围与软骨损伤面积呈正比,根据关节镜所见到的软骨损伤程度,将其分Ⅰ～Ⅳ度。[结论]关节镜下观察股骨远端关节软骨损伤与MRI影像有一定的相似符合,但1.0cm2的软骨损伤区MRI有时不能真实表现出。对Ⅰ度软骨损伤关节镜下无阳性发现,由于MRI的扫描条件及层厚原因,在某些情况下尚不能反映出关节软骨损伤的严重程度,关节镜是诊断关节软骨损伤的金标准。     

骨关节炎患者关节间隙狭窄半月板周缘性滑脱的临床研究

目的探讨骨关节炎（OA）及类风湿关节炎（RA）患者的膝半月板位置与OA的内外翻程度相关性及在术中的动态观察。方法收集入院行膝关节表面置换术患者的一般资料、X线、MRI及手术中的图片、大体样本进行分析。手术时平均年龄62．8岁（34～82岁）,49例患者,共87个膝关节。其中79膝为OA（内翻畸形16膝,外翻畸形15膝,屈曲畸形9膝,内翻并屈曲35膝,外翻并屈曲4膝）,4例共8膝为RA。结果87例患膝中X线检查发现关节间隙有不同程度狭窄的表现,其中15膝分别患膝内外翻及屈曲畸形或RA患者行MRI检查,结果显示患内外翻畸形患者有半月板周缘型向后滑脱,单纯屈膝挛缩畸形患者半月板无改变,但以腐蚀为主。术中活体及样本明确发现半月板周缘性向后滑脱,胫骨平台软骨面磨损,磨损的切迹与半月板周缘性滑脱后位置形成凹陷相关。结论本研究认为在半月板缺失的患者中,虽然大部分的半月板存在,但已经脱离了原来的位置,没有正常覆盖在胫骨平台关节面上,丧失了半月板覆盖正常的缓冲、稳定功能,MRI影像学图像可在手术前提醒术者,在手术中把向后滑脱移位的变性半月板切除以获得后关节囊的松解,达到软组织平衡的效果。     

Transplantation of autologous synovial mesenchymal stem cells promotes meniscus regeneration in aged primates

Transplantation of aggregates of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhanced meniscus regeneration in rats. Anatomy and biological properties of the meniscus depend on animal species. To apply this technique clinically, it is valuable to investigate the use of animals genetically close to humans. We investigated whether transplantation of aggregates of autologous synovial MSCs promoted meniscal regeneration in aged primates. Chynomolgus primates between 12 and 13 years old were used. After the anterior halves of the medial menisci in both knees were removed, an average of 14 aggregates consisting of 250,000 synovial MSCs were transplanted onto the meniscus defect. No aggregates were transplanted to the opposite knee for the control. Meniscus and articular cartilage were analyzed macroscopically, histologically, and by MRI T1rho mapping at 8 (n = 3) and 16 weeks (n = 4). The medial meniscus was larger and the modified Pauli's histological score for the regenerated meniscus was better in the MSC group than in the control group in each primate at 8 and 16 weeks. Mankin's score for the medial femoral condyle cartilage was better in the MSC group than in the control group in all primates at 16 weeks. T1rho value for both the regenerated meniscus and adjacent articular cartilage in the MSC group was closer to the normal meniscus than in the control group in all primates at 16 weeks. Transplantation of aggregates of autologous synovial MSCs promoted meniscus regeneration and delayed progression of degeneration of articular cartilage in aged primates. This is the first report dealing with meniscus regeneration in primates. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1274–1282, 2017.

     

膝关节半月板和韧带损伤磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对膝关节损伤诊断价值和意义。方法行MRI检查并经手术或关节镜证实的病例27例,采用西门子公司1.5T超导型磁共振成像系统。均做矢状及冠状面扫描,层厚4mm。对8例有前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤和22个没有ACL损伤的膝关节,分别测量后交叉韧带(PCL)角和弯曲度指数,并进行统计学分析。结果23例31个半月板损伤,术前MRI确诊18例,24个半月板,确诊率分别为62.07%和77.42%。半月板损伤的MRI表现:①半月板内可见线条样异常信号影,延伸到关节表面(Ⅲ度);②半月板变小,内侧缘变纯;③半月板失去正常三角形结构;④半月板边缘凹凸不平,呈波浪状改变;⑤半月板外缘与关节囊之间距离增宽。在9例有ACL损伤的病例中,仅有5例术前得到明确诊断,确诊率为55.56%。PCL角和弯曲度指数测量结果在ACL损伤组和非损伤组间具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论MRI对半月板和韧带损伤绝大多数能显示损伤的部位和程度,但诊断半月板损伤时,应注意辨别易混淆的正常结构和有些容易漏诊的MRI表现;对可疑ACL损伤者,在观察直接征象同时,应注意分析间接征像。     

Allogeneic deep frozen meniscal graft for repair of osteochondral defects in the knee joint

Osteochondral defects in the knee joints of five patients caused by trauma or osteochondritis dissecans were repaired using deep-frozen allogeneic meniscal grafts. Three patients were male and two were female, with a mean age of 26.4 years. The mean follow-up period was 31 months. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at all periods clearly showed a smooth and congruous articular surface, although the signal intensity of the grafted meniscus was not the same as that of the articular cartilage. Second-look arthroscopy performed approximately 1 year after surgery demonstrated that the grafted meniscus was well bonded to the grafted site, not sunken; there was no gap between the grafted meniscus and the surrounding articular cartilage, indicating that the grafted meniscus functions as a part of the articular surface. Histologic examination revealed that host cells had infiltrated into the meniscus and that cells surrounded by thin collagen fibrils were morphologically similar to fibrochondrocytes. Thus, the acellular grafted meniscus regenerated as meniscal tissue and formed an articular surface, although hyalinization did not occur. Our results suggest that deep-frozen allogeneic meniscal grafting is a useful method to repair osteochondral defects in the knee joint.     

Magnetic reasonance imaging of the surgically repaired meniscus: a 13-year follow-up study of 13 knees

BACKGROUND: This study was initiated to evaluate the long-term outcome of meniscal sutures and to correlate clinical findings with MRI findings. We were interested to see if a clinically healed meniscus also showed as such on MRI and if degenerative changes were present PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied prospectively 13 patients (7 men) aged between 29 and 50 years, who had undergone closed meniscus repair between 1985 and 1988 using an inside-out technique, clinically and with MRI, with a mean follow-up time of 13 years. RESULTS: Meniscal suture gave good clinical long-term results: all patients got a Hospital for Special Surgery score of more than 75%. In all patients the site of the previous suture was still visible on MRI, mainly from small metal artefacts in the meniscus. 4 of 7 patients with an unrepaired ACL lesion had signs of arthrosis and cartilage degeneration. MRI showed signs of mucoid degeneration or scar tissue in 6/13 of the patients. INTERPRETATION: We believe that asymptomatic meniscal tears produce abnormal MR signals even though they have stable unions, and that MR signals at the site of repair represent edematous scar tissue, not true nonunions.     

Combined Injury to the ACL and Lateral Meniscus Alters the Geometry of Articular Cartilage and Meniscus Soon After Initial Trauma

Combined injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus is associated with earlier onset and increased rates of post-traumatic osteoarthritis compared with isolated ACL injury. However, little is known about the initial changes in joint structure associated with these different types of trauma. We hypothesized that trauma to the ACL and lateral meniscus has an immediate effect on morphometry of the articular cartilage and meniscus about the entire tibial plateau that is more pronounced than an ACL tear without meniscus injury. Subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning soon after injury and prior to surgery. Those that suffered injury to the ACL and lateral meniscus underwent changes in the lateral compartment (increases in the posterior–inferior directed slopes of the articular cartilage surface, and the wedge angle of the posterior horn of the meniscus) and medial compartment (the cartilage-to-bone height decreased in the region located under the posterior horn of the meniscus, and the thickness of cartilage increased and decreased in the mid and posterior regions of the plateau, respectively). Subjects that suffered an isolated ACL tear did not undergo the same magnitude of change to these articular structures. A majority of the changes in morphometry occurred in the lateral compartment of the knee; however, change in the medial compartment of the knee with a normal appearing meniscus also occurred. Statement of clinical significance: Knee injuries that involve combined trauma to the ACL and meniscus directly affect both compartments of the knee, even if the meniscus and articular cartilage appears normal upon arthroscopic examination. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:759-767, 2020     

Magnetic reasonance imaging of the surgically repaired meniscusA 13-year follow-up study of 13 knees

Background?This study was initiated to evaluate the long-term outcome of meniscal sutures and to correlate clinical findings with MRI findings. We were interested to see if a clinically healed meniscus also showed as such on MRI and if degenerative changes were present.Patients and methods?We studied prospectively 13 patients (7 men) aged between 29 and 50 years, who had undergone closed meniscus repair between 1985 and 1988 using an inside-out technique, clinically and with MRI, with a mean follow-up time of 13 years.Results?Meniscal suture gave good clinical long-term results: all patients got a Hospital for Special Surgery score of more than 75%. In all patients the site of the previous suture was still visible on MRI, mainly from small metal artefacts in the meniscus. 4 of 7 patients with an unrepaired ACL lesion had signs of arthrosis and cartilage degeneration. MRI showed signs of mucoid degeneration or scar tissue in 6/13 of the patients.Interpretation?We believe that asymptomatic meniscal tears produce abnormal MR signals even though they have stable unions, and that MR signals at the site of repair represent edematous scar tissue, not true nonunions.